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Solutions (Atomic Physics)

Ans. 1: (c)
 1 1
Solution: E  E f  Ei  E1  2  2  . Here ni  1, n f  3 and E1  13. eV
 n f ni 

1 1 1  8 
E  13.6  2  2  eV  13.6   1 eV   13.6  eV  12.1 eV
3 1  9  9 
Ans. 2: (d)
Solution: The energy level of a hydrogen-like atoms are given by
13.6 2
En    Z  eV 
n2
13.6
For He : Z  2, n  1 E   4  54.4 eV
1
Ans. 3: (d)
Solution: The possible transition can be
n5n4 n4n3 n 3n  2 n  2  n 1
n5n3 n4n2 n  3  n 1
n5n2 n  4  n 1
n  5  n 1
Ans. 4: (c)

Solution: n  3  n  2 transition in hydrogen  1H

1
 and tritium  1H
3
 gives H lines and given as
1  1 1 5 1  1 1 5
 RH  2  2   RH and  RT  2  2   RT
H  2 3  36 T  2 3  36
36 36
 H   T 
5 RH 5 RT

 m m 
 1 1 
36  1 1  36 MH MT
H  T       
5  RH RT  5  R R 
 
 

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36 m  1 1 
     since M T  3M H 
5 R  M H M T 

36 m  1 1  36 m 2
    
5 R  M H 3M H  5 R 3M H

24 1 m 24 1 1
   7 1
  2.38 1010 m
5 R M H 5 1.09  10 m 1836
0
H  T  2.38 A
Ans. 5: (d)
13.6
Solution: En    eV  n4 E4
n2
For n  1: E1  13.6 eV E
For n  4 : E4  0.85 eV n 1 E1
where E  E1  E4  13.6   0.85   12.75 eV

E
The momentum of the emitted photon is p  12.75 eV / c
C
According to momentum conservation, the momentum of the recoil atom is same as that of
photon but with opposite direction. Thus, the kinetic energy of the recoil atom is
p2
ER 
2mH

where mH  1.008 amu  1.008  931.4941 MeV / c 2  938.94 MeV / c 2

 ER 
 12.75 eV / C 2 
1.73 107
eV  8.65 108 eV
2  938.94 106 eV / C 2 2
Ans. 6: (c)
 1 n3
1 1
Solution: According to Bohr Theory  R 2  2 
L  n f ni  n2
H
The longest wavelength in the Lyman series is
n 1
L

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1 1 1  3 4
  R   2   R    L 
L 1 2  4 3R
The longest wavelength in the Balmer series is
1  1 1 1 1 94 1  5  36
  R 2  2   R    R   R    B 
B 2 3  4 9  36  B  36  5R
L 4 5R 5
     0.185
B 3R 36 27
Ans. 7: (b)

12400 12400 1 1
Solution: E  E2  E1    12400   
2    1   
0 0
 2 1 

   
 12400    12400 2
 12  

2 0
   E (  is in A and E is in eV )
12400
0
where   1216 A and E  4.5 105 eV
1216 
2

 4.5 105  A 
0
 
12400  
0
 5.37  103 A  0.547  1012 m  0.547 pm
Ans. 8: (d)
m 
Solution: rn  a0  e 
  
m   m p 207me 1836me
Where,     186me
m   m p  207  1836 
and, a0  0  53 A0

 me 
rn   0  53 A0   13
  2.85  10 m
 186me 

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Ans. 9: (a)
  
Solution: E  13.6    eV 
 me 
m p m 1836 me  207 me  380052 me2
where    
m p  m 1836  207  me 2043 me


  186
me
 E  13.6 186  2530 eV

E  2.53 103 eV
Ans. 10: (a)
13.6
Solution: E   eV 
n2
13.6 13.6
E   2  n   2  99  eV 
100 
3 3
n

E  2.693  103 eV
E 2.693  103  1.6  1019
Now,    34
 0.650  1012 Hz  650GHz
h 6.625  10
Ans. 11: (a)
Solution: En  E109  E108

For transition between excited states n  109 and n  108 , we have

13.6 13.6
h  E109  E108   
109  108
2 2

c
   5.15  109 Hz and    5.83 cm

Ans. 12: (d)
m 
Solution: r1   e  a0 where  
m p m

1836 me  207 me   186 m
   m p  m 1836 me  207 me
e

and a0  5.29  1011 m ;

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 me  11 13
 r1     6.29 10 m  2.85 10 m
 186 me 
Ans. 13: (c)

13.6 2   
Solution: En   z    eV 
n2  me 

where  
mc m

12 1836  270  m  266.7 m
mc  m 12  1836   270
c c

13.6 2 130.6 103

 En   2  6  266.7  eV     eV 
n n2
L photon produced when transition takes place from n  2 to n  1

E1  130.6 103 eV , E2  32.65  103 eV

 h  E2  E1  97.95 KeV  98 KeV

Ans. 14: (d)
    
Solution: Given H  aL  S where J  L  S .
    1
J 2  L2  S 2  2 L  S  L  S   J 2  L2  S 2 
2
Energy eigen value E   H 

  J 2  L2  S 2     J  J  1  L  L  1  S  S  1   2
a a
E
2 2
1 5
For 2 D5 / 2 : S  , L  2 and J 
2 2
11  3
S 2  S  S  1  2    1  2   2
22  4

L2  L  L  1  2  2  2  1  2  6 2

55  35
J 2  J  J  1  2    1  2   2
22  4
a  35 3 2 a 8 2
 E1    6        a
2

2 4 4 2 4

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1 3
For 2 D3 / 2 : S  , L  2 and J 
2 2
11  3
S 2  S  S  1  2    1  2   2
22  4

L2  L  L  1  2  2  2  1  2  6 2

33  15
J 2  J  J  1  2    1  2   2
22  4
a  15 3  2 a  12  2 3 2
 E2    6       a
2 4 4 2  4  2

 3  5
E  E1  E2  a 2    a 2   a 2
 2  2
Ans. 15: (b)
Solution: Since the separation of doublet state proportional to the fourth power of atomic number as
given by spin orbit coupling.

 T  Li Z 
4
34
  T  Li2  81 0.365  29.6 cm -1
2
Thus,  Li 2   81
 T  H  ZH  14

Ans. 16: (d)

Solution: T  Z 4

Z 
4
 T  He  He  24
    16
 T H  ZH 
4
14
1 1
  T  H 
16
 
THe   5.84 cm 1  0.365 cm 1
16
Thus, correct option is (d).
Ans. 17: (b)
 
Solution: Given H  A L  S

 J 2  L2  S 2 
H  A 
 2 
energy eigen value

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E  H

  J 2  L2  S 2  
A
E
2
A
E  j  j  1  l  l  1  s  s  1   2
2
Given l  2, s  1 , then

j  l  s , l  s  1,...... l  s

 2  1 , 2  1  1,...... 2  1

 1, 2,3
For j  1
A
E1  11  1  2  2  1  11  1   2
2
A
   6   2  3 A 2
2
For j  2
A
E2   2  2  1  2  2  1  11  1   2
2
A
   2   2   A 2
2
For j  3
A
E3  3  3  1  2  2  1  11  1   2
2
A
   4   2  2 A 2
2
So possible eigen values are 2 A 2 ,  A 2 , 3 A 2 .
Ans. 18: (a)

Z 
4
 E  Li 2 2  3
4

Solution:  Li
  81
 E  H  ZH 
4
1
4

 E Li 2  81  0.365  29.6 cm 1  30 cm 1

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Ans. 19: (a)

    
Solution: Given H   s1  s2 where s  s1  s2 .
 
s 2  s12  s22  2s1  s2

  1
 s1  s2   s 2  s12  s22 
2

H  s 2  s12  s22 
2
E  H


  s  s  1  s1  s1  1  s2  s2  1 
2
1 1
For triplet state if s1  , s2  then s  1
2 2
s 2  s  s  1  2  11  1  2  2 2

11  3
s12  s1  s1  1  2    1  2   2
22  4
11  3
s22  s2  s2  1  2    1  2   2
22  4
 3 3   2 
E  2 2   2   2      2   2
2 4 4  2 4 4
Ans. 20: (d)
  1
Solution: L  S   J  J  1  L  L  1  S  S  1   2
2 2
P3 / 2
  1 3  3  1  1 

Therefore L  S  J 3 / 2
    1  11  1    1   2
2 2  2  2  2 
2
1 P1/ 2
 2 D1 D2
2 2
S1/ 2
  1 1  1  1  1 
 LS  J 1/ 2
    1  11  1    1   2
2 2  2  2  2 
1
  2   2    2
2

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    1 

E  a L  S  J 3 / 2

a LS  J 1/ 2 2 
3
 a   1  2  a 2
2
0 0
we know that, D1  5896 A and D2  5890 A

12400 12400  1  2 
where E  E2  E1      12400 
12 
eV
0 0 
2  A  1  A 
   
 5896  5890   6 
 12400    12400    2 13 103 eV
 5896  5890   5896  5890 

2 E 2 2.13  103 eV
 a  
3  2 3 0.658 1015 2
 
1
a  3.28 1027
eV  s 2
Ans. 21: (b)
Solution: For f 7

The highest S   si  7 / 2 M L  3 2 1 0 1 2 3

The highest L   M li  0

For half-filled shell, the S state has lowest energy

 The value J  7 / 2

 Ground state  8S7 / 2

Ans. 22: (b)
Solution: The optical electrons are in 3d orbit
M L  2  1 0  1  2

5 5
In this configuration: L  0 and S  J 
2 2
2 s 1
Thus spectral term is LJ  6S5/ 2

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Ans. 23: (b)

Solution: For Cr1 :
The optical electrons are in 3d orbit
M L  2 1 0 1 2

For ground state spectral term, S and L should be maximum.

5 5
In this configuration, S  and L  0 J 
2 2
Thus spectral term is 6S5 / 2

For Cr 3 :
M L  2 1 0 1 2

3 3
In this configuration S  and L  3 J 
2 2
Thus spectral term is 4F3 / 2

5 3
Therefore, from Cr  to Cr 3 , total angular momentum changes from to i.e. decreased by
2 2
1 unit.
Ans. 24: (b)
Solution: For ssd
1 1 1 1 1 3
s1  , s2  , s3   S  , ,
2 2 2 2 2 2
and l1  0, l2  0, l3  2  L  2

1 3 5
Now, S  , L  2, J  ,  2 D3 5
2 2 2 ,
2 2

3 1 3 5 7
S , L  2, J  , , ,  4D1 3 5 7
2 2 2 2 2 , , ,
2 2 2 2

The ground state spectral term is 4 D1

2

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Ans. 25: (b)

Solution: For, 4 F9 / 2 : S  3 / 2, L  3, J  a / 2

But possible values of J are 9 / 2, 7 / 2, 5 / 2, 3 / 2

The ground state corresponds to higher J value. This is case of more than half filled subshell.
The possible electronic configuration is d 7
ML  2 1 0 1 2
    
 S  3 / 2, L  3, & J  9 / 2
Ans. 26: (d)
Solution: Electronics configuration of N  7  7  is

1s 2 2 s 2 2 p 3

For, p 3 ML  1 0 0

Maximum S  3 / 2
Maximum L  0
 J  3/ 2

Spherical term  2 s 1 LJ  4 S3/ 2 .

Ans. 27: (a)
Solution: E1  E  J  1  E  J   A  J  1  12 cm 1

E2  E  J  2   E  J  1  A  J  2   16 cm 1

A  J  1 12
  J 2
A  J  2 16

Thus, the J values for all those three levels are 2,3, 4 . The, corresponding terms are 3 F2,3,4 .

Ans. 28: (c)

Solution: Cr 3 :1s 2 2s 2 2 p 6 3s 2 3 p 6 4s 0 3d 5

d 3 : M L   2 1 0 1  2
  

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3
The maximum value of S 
2
The maximum value of L  3
The minimum value of J  3 / 2
2 s 1
 Spectral term  LJ  4F3/ 2
Ans. 29: (c)
1 1
Solution: For 6 p 2 : s1  , s2   S  0.1
2 2
l1  1, l2  1  L  0,1, 2

The total spin quantum number S is determined by Pauli’s exclusion principle for electrons in
the same subshell which requires L  S  even
S  0, L  0, J  0  1S0

S  0, L  2, J  2  1 D2

S  1, L  1, J  0,1, 2  3 P0,1,2

Therefore, the spectroscopic terms for configuration are

1
S0 , 3 P0,1,2 , 1 D2

In magnetic field each level with quantum number J splits into 2 J  1 component with
different M J . For the 6 p 2 levels listed above the total number of sublevels is
1  1  3  5  5  15
Ans. 30: (b)
Solution: Ar :18 :1s 2 2s 2 2 p 6 3s 2 3 p 6 spectral term  1s0

Ar 2† :16 :1s 2 2s 2 2 p 6 3s 2 3 p 4 ground state spectral term  3 p2

 J increased from 0 to 2
Ans. 31: (d)
4 mc  4  3.14  9.11031  3 108 0.05 109
Solution: B   2    2.45 T
 1.6  1019  660 109 
2
e

Ans. 32: (d)

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
Solution: E   B B  hc  B B
2
hc  6.625 1034  3 108 1.5 1012
B  
B 2 9.17 1024  300 109 
2

B  0.36 T
Ans. 33: (d)
e B  B
Solution: v 
eB
 . 
4 m 2m h h
 
B  1.4 MHz G 1 1.5 G   2.1 MHz

Ans. 34: (b)

Solution: The interaction energy of a dipole moment  s in a magnetic field  is

 int    s      sz  

 eh 
where  sz is z-component of  s   sz   
 4m 
eh
  int   
4m
the difference in energy of the electrons having spins parallel and antiparallel to the field is
E  E1  E2 ms  1/ 2

eh  eh  eh E1
 B  B  B E
4 m  4 m  2 m
E2

1.6 10    6.63 10  1  1.856 10
19 34
23
J
2  3.14  9.1 1031 ms  1/ 2
1.856  1023
 19
eV  1.16  104 eV
1.6  10
Ans. 35: (a)
Solution: Since spin is zero, thus such transition is governed by Normal Zeeman effect. The total
number of Zeeman components in Normal Zeeman effect are only 3.
Ans. 36: (c)
eB
Solution: The separation of the Zeeman components is v 
4m

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d  2 v
since v = c/λ and dv  c   
2 c

 
2
eB 2 1.6  10  1  6.5  10
-19 -7

    1.97  10-11m    0.0197nm

4 mc 
 4  9.1 10-31 3  108  
Ans. 37: (a) 3 p3 / 2
12400 12400
Solution: E1   eV  , E2   eV  3p 2 B B
 0  0
1  A  2  A
    3 p1/ 2
1 2
0 0
Where 1  5896 A and  2  5890 A 3s
3s1/ 2
 The separation between 3P3/ 2 and 3P1/ 2 is

12400  1  2  12400  6
E  E2  E1    2.13 103 eV
12 5890  5896

But the separation between 3P3 / 2 and 3P1/ 2 is also equal to 2  B B , where  B is Bohr magnetron

 B  9.27  10 24 J / T 
E  2 B B

E 2.13  103  1.6 1019 J

B   18.5 T
2 B 2  9.27  1024 J / T
Ans. 38: (b)
eB
Solution: The separation of the Zeeman component is v 
4 m
c d
since v  , dv  c
 2
2 eB 2
  v 
c 4 mc

1.6 10 C   0.3T   4.5 10 m 

2
19 7
9.72 1033 0
    0.028  10 10
 0.028 A
 4   9.110 kg  3 10 m / s 
31 8
342.888  1023

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Ans. 39: (d)

 
 a
  a

Solution: H  a S1  S 2  H  a S 2  S12  S 22   S  S  1  S1  S1  2    S 2  S 2  1  2
2 2
For, S  0, S1  1/ 2, S2  1/ 2 (Singlet state)

a 2 3 3 3
H1    0      a 2
2  4 4 4
For, S  1, S1  1/ 2, S2  1/ 2 (Triplet state)

a 2  3 3 1 2
H2   2     a .
2  4 4 4
Ans. 40: (a)
Solution: 7 Li3 : z  3 :1s 2 2s1

 1
The spectral term is 2 s1/ 2  J  
 2
  a

Now, H  a I  J  F 2  I 2  J 2
2

a2
E   H    F  F  1  I  I  1  J  J  1 
2 
1 1
For J  I
2 2
F  1, 0

a 2  1  1  1  1 
Now, for F  1; E 
2 11  1  2  2  1  2  2  1 
    

a 2  3 3  a 2
  2   
2  4 4 4

a 2  1  1  1  1  3
For F  0; E   0  0  1    1    1    a 2
2  2  2  2  2  4

a 2 3 2
 E   a  a 2
4 4

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Ans. 41: (a)

  A
Solution: H  A I  J   F 2  I 2  J 2  F 1
2 I
251
/2
E
E 4H 4
F 0
A
  F  F  1  I  I  1  J  J  1   2
2
In 2 S1/ 2 : J  1/ 2 and I  1/ 2  F  1, 0

A 1  1  1  1  1
For, F  1 ; E1  11  1    1    1   2  A 2
2 2  2  2  2  4

A 1  1  1  2  3
For, F  0, E0   0  0  1    1    1   2   A 2
2 2  2  2  1  4
1 2 3 2
E  F1  F0  A  A  A 2
4 4
 0  047 cm 1
Ans. 42: (a)
Solution: Ground state is 2s1/ 2

1 1 3
J  , I 1 : F ,
2 2 2
  a
H  a I  J  F2  I 2  J 2 
2
Energy eigenvalue is
a 2
E 4 H 4   F  F  1  I  J  1  J  J  1 
2 
a 2 1  1  1  1 
For, F  1/ 2: E1   2  2  1  11  1  2  2  1    a
2

2     

3 a 2  3  3  1  1   a 2  15 3  a 2
For, : E2    1  
 1 1  1 
  1     2  
2 2  2  2  2  2   2  4 4 2

a 2 3
 E  E2  F1   a 2  a 2
2 2

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Ans. 43: (d)

 
Solution: H  aS   Se
    
Where F  S   Se  F 2  S 2  Se2  2 S   Se
  1
 S   Se   F 2  S 2  Se2 
2
The eigenvalue of H is

  F 2  S 2  Se2  
a
E  H 
2

 F  F  1  S   S   1  Se  Se  1   2
a

2 

1
where F  1, S   Se 
2
a  3 3 a 2
E 2   
2  4 4  4
Ans. 44: (a)
Solution: Ground state is 2 S1/ 2
1 1 3
J  , I 1  F  ,
2 2 2
  a

H  aI  J  F 2  I 2  J 2
2

Energy eigenvalue is
a 2
E  H   F  F  1  I  I  1  J  J  1 
2 

1 a 2  1  1  1  1 
For F  : E1    1  11  1    1   a
2

2 
2 2  2  2  2 

3 a 2  15 3  a 2
For F  : E2   2 
2 2  4 4 2

a 2 3
 E  E2  E1   a 2  a 2
2 2

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Ans. 45: (d)

Solution: Total spin is
       1

S  S e  S p  S 2  S e2  S p2  2 S e  S p  S e  S p  S 2  S e2  S p2
2

 
 
 H  2aSe  S p  S 2  S e2  S p2 where S e2  S p2  S S  1 2   2
a
2
3
4
 3 3   3 
 H  a  S 2  2  2   a  S 2  2 
 4 4   2 

For 3 S1 : S  1  S 2  S S  1 2  2 2 , For 1 S 0 : S  0  S 2  S S  1 2  0 2

 3 a
 H1  a  2    2   2 for 3 S1
 2 2

 3 3 2
and H 2  a 0    2  a for 1 S 0
 2 2

1 3
 The splitting between 3
S1 and 1 S 0 is H  H1  H 2     a 2  2a 2
2 2
Ans. 46: (b)
Solution: The Doppler line width is
1/ 2 1/ 2
2  2k T  4  2k BT 
D  0  B ln 2    ln 2 
c  M  0  M 
1/ 2
4  2  1.38 1023 Jk 1  300 K  0.693 
    8246 MHz

5890 1010   23  1.67  1027 kg 

D 8246
Now,  D    1312
2 2
 D  1312 MHz
Ans. 47: (b)
0 2 RT
Solution:   1.67
c M

5893  1010 2  8.31  1023  500

 1.67   0.02Å
3  108 23  1023

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Ans. 48: (b)

0 2 RT 5893  1010 2  8.31 J / mol  K  500 K
Solution:   1.66  1.66 
c M 3 108 m / sec 23  103 kg / mols
0
 1.96  1012 m  0.02 A
Ans. 49: (d)
Solution: For electric transition selection rule must be satisfied
(i) l  1 (ii)  j  0,  1 (iii)  s  0 (iv) Parity must change
Thus option (d) is the only correct option.
Ans. 50: (d)
Solution: (a) Forbidden as it violates the condition: S  0
(b) Forbidden as the total angular momentum J changes from 0 to 0 which is forbidden for
electric-dipole transition
(c) Forbidden as it violates the condition J  0, 1
(d) Allowed electric dipole transition

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