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Maria Gudino-Cuahonte
Prof. Stack
Composition II, ENC1102
5 October 2022
Research Log
Research Question:
What type of literacies can be found in law enforcement?
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1. Source #1
a) Complete citation:
Jarolimek, Stefan. “Using Smartphones in Police Operations: The Necessity of Media Literacy in
Police Forces in the Age of Transparency.” European Journal for Security Research, vol.
5, no. 1, 7 Dec. 2019, pp. 105–114., https://doi.org/10.1007/s41125-019-00059-4.
Accessed 2022.
b) Search tool used: Google Scholar
c) Search strategy:
I found this source after clicking the similar or recommended searches at the bottom of the
google scholar page. I used literacy in criminal justice as the original search and then I saw
media literacy in law enforcement, and used that to find this article.
d) Pertinent paraphrased ideas and/or direct quotations to use as support in your final
research project:
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“Beside the possibilities of self-representation, social media allow a fast dialogue between
organization and its stakeholders—for enterprises as well as for public administration, such as
the police” (105).
“Digitalization and mediatization are processes that affect all aspects of society, meaning they
have numerous consequences for organizations as well” (106).
“Media literacy has many facets, including interacting with software, formative and creative
aspects, and media effects” (111).
All units in the police force should have knowledge of the fundamental laws affecting the media,
awareness of the effects of professional and respectful conduct, willingness to follow guidelines
for the use of private smartphones, and awareness of the potential consequences of private
postings on social media (112).
High-ranking officers “should be familiar with and understand the changes in public structures”,
and since they are usually the focus of public attention they should also receive “training in
giving interviews and statements in situations like live stream press conferences” (112).
The specialists in the public relations department have comprehensive media literacy, but should
improve upon their technical capabilities (113).
e) Evaluation of material:
This relates to my other sources because it speaks about media literacy, and how it is a literacy
that should be taught and used by police officers. It contributes to my research question because
as I mentioned it is a type of literacy used by police.
f) Date search was completed: September 20, 2022
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2. Source #2
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a) Complete citation:
McCartin, Lyda Fontes, et al. “Student Perceptions of a Required Information Literacy Course on
Their Success in Research & Writing Intensive Criminal Justice Courses.” The Journal of
Academic Librarianship, vol. 43, no. 3, May 2017, pp. 242–247.,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2017.01.013. Accessed 2022.
b) Search tool used: UCF Library
c) Search strategy:
I used the keywords “literacy in criminal justice”, and looked for articles that not only interested
me, but fit well with my research question.
d) Pertinent paraphrased ideas and/or direct quotations to use as support in your final
research project:
“One of the most common complaints among Criminal Justice educators is that students have
very poor writing and research skills” (242).
“Not only do students in LIB 160 learn to write a focused research question and effectively
search for, find, and evaluate information to answer that question, they also learn how to read the
literature of their field and synthesize information to make an effective argument” (242).
“Criminal Justice students need research and writing skills to succeed in their academic and
professional careers” (245).
From the results most students found that the course helped them heavily with future courses if
they took early in their academic career.
e) Evaluation of material:
This relates to my other sources because of how it speaks on literacy’s importance in the criminal
justice field. It also touches on how writing and research is something that is very important in
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all professions of this field. Another thing that relates to some of my other sources is that the
literacy it touches on is writing.
f) Date search was completed: September 13, 2022
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3. Source #3
a) Complete citation:
Scollione, James, and E. Gregory Holdan. “Comparison of Mental Health Literacy between
Criminal Justice Students and Police Academy Cadets: An Exploratory Study.” Journal
of Criminal Justice Education, vol. 31, no. 3, 2020, pp. 390–399.,
https://doi.org/10.1080/10511253.2020.1775270. Accessed 2022.
b) Search tool used: UCF Library database
c) Search strategy:
I used the same keywords as before, “literacy in criminal justice”, and used the same strategy of
looking for one that interested me and fit my question.
d) Pertinent paraphrased ideas and/or direct quotations to use as support in your final
research project:
“In recent years, the crossroads of mental health and the criminal justice system have received
increasing awareness among academics and criminal justice professionals equally” (390).
“Mental health literacy includes knowledge of how to prevent mental disorders, recognition of
when a disorder is developing, knowledge of help-seeking options and treatments available,
knowledge of effective self-help strategies for milder problems, and first aid skills to support
others affected by mental health problems” (391).
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“[M]ost criminal justice professionals may have inadequate mental health training and education
to recognize the signs and symptoms of mental illnesses, appropriately respond to people with
mental illness, and de-escalate mental health crises” (391).
“The overall findings are promising given that the future criminal justice professionals in the
sample may be prepared to interact with and respond to people with mental illness; nonetheless,
efforts should continue to develop and enhance mental health literacy” (396).
e) Evaluation of material:
This source touches on the importance of mental health literacy in the professions of criminal
justice. It uses research and statistics to see if there is any difference in the mental health literacy
of criminal justice students and police academy cadets. It relates to my other sources and
research question because it's a study about a literacy that is important in the criminal justice
field.
f) Date search was completed: September 13, 2022
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4. Source #4
a) Complete citation
Seawright, Leslie E. “Making the Connection: Critical Literacies and Police Officer Identity1.”
International Center of Economics, Humanities and Management (ICEHM) May 5-6,
2015 Bali (Indonesia), 5 May 2015, https://doi.org/10.15242/icehm.ed0515057. Accessed
2022.
b) Search tool used: Google Scholar
c) Search strategy:
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For this source I used the keywords “law enforcement literacy practices”. It was on the third
page of searches.
d) Pertinent paraphrased ideas and/or direct quotations to use as support in your final
research project:
“Law enforcement requires multiple literacy skills to be effective, skills that must be practiced in
the field, on the computer, and in the courtroom” (61).
“A failure to acquire all or some of the literacy requirements of police work can endanger an
officer’s confidence in his or her police identity, authority, and job performance” (61).
“For police these skills include “traditional” reading and writing literacy, technology literacy,
street literacy, and law literacy” (63).
“Their training must not only prepare them for police Discourse, but it must also prepare them
for the Discourse of the court” (66).
“Police officer literacy practices are critical to their role as authority figures, their departments’
professionalism, the judicial systems’ effectiveness, and public safety” (66).
e) Evaluation of material:
This article dives into some of the important literacies necessary for police officers, and how
they are implemented. It uses other articles to bring in examples pertaining to the types of
literacies being spoken about. The article seems reliable since it is from the International
Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities. This article fits with my other sources and
research question because it is about literacies used by police officers.
f) Date search was completed: September 20, 2022
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5. Source #5
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a) Complete citation:
Hinduja, Sameer. “Perceptions of Local and State Law Enforcement Concerning the Role of
Computer Crime Investigative Teams.” Policing: An International Journal of Police
Strategies & Management, vol. 27, no. 3, 2004, pp. 341–357.,
https://doi.org/10.1108/13639510410553103. Accessed 2022.
b) Search tool used: Google Scholar
c) Search strategy:
For this source I again used the keywords “literacy in law enforcement”, then I tried flipping the
words around with “law enforcement literacy”. That is when I saw this article.
d) Pertinent paraphrased ideas and/or direct quotations to use as support in your final
research project:
“The growth in [information technology], while introducing unparalleled advances in
productivity, commerce, communication, entertainment, and the dissemination of information,
has precipitated new forms of antisocial, unethical, and illegal behavior” (341).
“Just as law enforcement agencies have developed specialized criminal investigative units and
prevention programs for crimes of violence and drug abuse, a similar program has seemed
requisite for computer crime” (342).
“Emerging computer-related crime will require practically all law enforcement departments to
participate in the Internet in some form; members of the policing community must stretch
beyond the narrow crime-response paradigm and embrace the positive aspects of this global
communication network” (355).
e) Evaluation of material:
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This article uses surveys and statistics to show their findings for several different points. This
article fits with my other sources and research question because though it doesn’t explicitly
speak on a specific literacy, it is implying that computer literacy is important for police. Saying
how it is important for police officers to have the proper training to properly deal with
computer/technological crimes. Especially in this technological society where computer crimes
are a common occurrence.
f) Date search was completed: October 3, 2022
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6. Source #6
a) Complete citation:
Seawright, L. E. (2012). The Literacy Practices of Law Enforcement. Graduate Theses and
Dissertations, Retrieved from https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/295
b) Search tool used: Google Scholar
c) Search strategy:
I used the keywords “types of literacies in criminal justice”. I had seen this article back when I
was thinking up my research question, but I never circled back to it.
d) Pertinent paraphrased ideas and/or direct quotations to use as support in your final
research project:
“Officers must write clearly, include all relevant details, and present themselves professionally in
their reports in order to ensure conviction or a guilty plea from a suspect” (50).
“Police work necessitates the comprehension and retention of volumes of legal statutes at the
local, state, and federal level. Officers use this information to perform their duties, write reports,
and justify the detention or arrest of citizens” (50-51).
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“Although driving, shooting, fighting, and handcuffing skills are emphasized in the academy and
in police departments, more and more officials are beginning to identify the importance of
developing literacy skills in law enforcement officers” (54).
e) Evaluation of material:
This dissertation uses quite an abundance of reliable sources, as well as interviews from the
police department they investigated. This dissertation can be tied to my other sources and my
research question because it speaks on a very important aspect of police work which is police
report writing. It is an aspect that not a lot of criminal justice students don’t know is very big in
the field. This dissertation breaks down the important literacies behind it.
f) Date search was completed: October 3,2022
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7. Source #7
a) Complete citation:
Koltay, Tibor. “The Media and the Literacies: Media Literacy, Information Literacy, Digital
Literacy.” Media, Culture & Society, vol. 33, no. 2, 2011, pp. 211–221.,
https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443710393382. Accessed 2022.
b) Search tool used: Google Scholar
c) Search strategy:
For this source I used the keywords “importance of literacy”.
d) Pertinent paraphrased ideas and/or direct quotations to use as support in your final
research:
“The importance of visual communication and information is increasing” (211).
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“The importance of media literacy is justified not only by the quantity of media exposure. The
vital role of information in the development of democracy, cultural participation and active
citizenship also justifies it” (212).
“Media literacy is generally defined as the ability to access the media, to understand and to
critically evaluate different aspects of the media and media content and to create communications
in a variety of contexts” (213).
“Information literacy education emphasizes critical thinking, meta-cogni-tive, and procedural
knowledge used to locate information in specific domains, fields, and contexts. (215)
“Media literacy is important for all citizens who intentionally, or without knowing it, con-sume
media, the presence of which has become wider and more diverse with the new digital
technologies and the growing participation of laypersons” (219)
e) Evaluation of material:
This source seems reliable because it uses a lot of sources from different literacy associations and
prestigious colleges/universities. This source relates to my other sources and my research
question because it speaks on different forms of literacies and why they are important. I plan to
use this source to provide some more information on some of the literacies that I am speaking on.
f) Date search was completed: October 9,2022
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8. Source #8
a) Complete citation:
Keefe, Elizabeth B., and Susan R. Copeland. “What Is Literacy? The Power of a Definition.”
Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities, vol. 36, no. 3-4, 2011, pp.
92–99., https://doi.org/10.2511/027494811800824507. Accessed 2022.
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b) Search tool used: Google Scholar
c) Search strategy:
To find this source I used the keywords “what is literacy”. I wanted to have an article that
explained literacy.
d) Pertinent paraphrased ideas and/or direct quotations to use as support in your final
research:
“It is surprising how often the literature discusses research, conceptual frameworks,and
approaches to teaching literacy (often characterized as reading and/or writing) without explicitly
defining what is meant by these terms” (92).
“Despite the fact there is general agreement that literacy is a human right, there is no general
agreement about the definition of literacy” (93).
Internationally literacy is defined as the ability to read and write “situated in the context of [an]
individual’s own community” (93).
Literacy should not only be seen “as an individual trait but something that occurs in interaction
with other members of the linguistic community” (95).
e) Evaluation of material:
This source uses official organizations like UNESCO, the National Reading Panel, etc. to explain
the different definitions of literacy. This source relates to my other sources and my research
question because it defines literacy which will help me explain what literacy is and why it is
important. It will tie everything together much easier and help provide a deeper background.
f) Date search was completed: October 9, 2022
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9. Source #9 (sorry I couldn't find another source)
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a) Complete citation:
b) Search tool used: Google Scholar
c) Search strategy:
d) Pertinent paraphrased ideas and/or direct quotations to use as support in your final
research:
e) Evaluation of material:
This source uses
f) Date search was completed: October 10, 2022
Reflection:
My biggest challenge when doing this research log was finding sources. Especially after seeing
that I needed to have 9. It took me a really long time to try and find more sources that could
relate to my research question and I could use it to tie to my other sources. That’s why that is
also my least favorite part. My favorite part was doing part d. Being able to have those quotes
and paraphrase phrases done will definitely help me when it comes time for me to write my
paper. The biggest takeaway is that finding sources is not always easy, and aren’t as easily
available. It takes a lot of work to find reliable sources that fit.
