Computer Modeling Program

Using Simulink (MATLAB)

POLITEKNIK TEKNOLOGI NUKLIR INDONESIA

2022
 Starting Matlab
Program  Matlab

2
 Launch Simulink
In the MATLAB command window,
at the >> prompt, type simulink
….. Or click this
and press  Enter

3
 Create a new model

• Click the new-model icon in

the upper left corner to
start a new Simulink file
• Select the Simulink icon to
obtain elements of the
model

4
 Your workspace
Library of elements Model is created in this window

5
 Save your model
• You might create a new folder, like the one shown below,
called simulink_files
• Use the .mdl suffix when saving

6
 Example 1: a simple model
• Build a Simulink model that solves the
differential equation
x  3 sin 2t 

• Initial condition
x(0)  1.

• First, sketch a simulation diagram of this

mathematical model (equation)
7
 Simulation diagram
• Input is the forcing function 3sin(2t)
• Output is the solution of the differential
equation x(t)
x(0)  1

x 1 x
3sin(2t) x(t)
s
(input) (output)
integrator

• Now build this model in Simulink

8
Select an input block
Drag a Sine Wave block
from the Sources library
to the model window

9
Select an operator block
Drag an Integrator block
from the Continuous library
to the model window

10
Select an output block
Drag a Scope block from the
Sinks library to the model
window

11
 Connect blocks with signals
• Place your cursor on the
output port (>) of the Sine
Wave block
• Drag from the Sine Wave
output to the Integrator input
• Drag from the Integrator
output to the Scope input

Arrows indicate the

direction of the signal flow.

12
 Select simulation parameters
Double-click on
the Sine Wave
block to set
amplitude = 3
and freq = 2.

This produces the

desired input of
3sin(2t)

13
 Select simulation parameters
Double-click on
the Integrator
block to set
initial condition
= -1.

This sets our IC

x(0) = -1.

14
 Select simulation parameters
Double-click on
the Scope to view
the simulation
results

15
 Run the simulation
In the model
window, from the
Simulation pull-
down menu,
select Start

View the output

x(t) in the Scope
window.

16
 Simulation results
To verify that this
plot represents the
solution to the
problem, solve the
equation analytically.

The analytical result,

x(t )  12  32 cos2t 
matches the plot
(the simulation
result) exactly.

17
 Example 2
• Build a Simulink model that solves the
following differential equation
– 2nd-order mass-spring-damper system
– zero ICs
– input f(t) is a step with magnitude 3
– parameters: m = 0.25, c = 0.5, k = 1

mx  cx  kx  f (t )

18
 Create the simulation diagram
• On the following slides:
– The simulation diagram for solving the ODE is
created step by step.
– After each step, elements are added to the
Simulink model.
• Optional exercise: first, sketch the complete
diagram
mx  cx  kx  f (t )

19
 (continue)
• First, solve for the term with highest-order
derivative
mx  f (t )  cx  kx

• Make the left-hand side of this equation the

output of a summing block

mx

summing
block 20
 Drag a Sum block from
the Math library

Double-click to change the

block parameters to
rectangular and + - -

21
 (continue) mx  cx  kx  f (t )

• Add a gain (multiplier) block to eliminate the

coefficient and produce the highest-derivative
alone

mx 1 x
m
summing
block

22
 Drag a Gain block from
the Math library

The gain is 4 since 1/m=4.

Double-click to change
the block parameters.
Add a title.

23
 (continue) mx  cx  kx  f (t )

• Add integrators to obtain the desired output

variable

mx 1 x 1 x 1 x
m s s
summing
block

24
 Drag Integrator blocks from
the Continuous library

ICs on the integrators

are zero.

Add a scope from the Sinks library.

Connect output ports to input ports.
Label the signals by double-clicking on the leader line.
25
 (continue) mx  cx  kx  f (t )
• Connect to the integrated signals with gain blocks to create
the terms on the right-hand side of the EOM

mx 1 x 1 x 1 x
m s s
summing cx
block c
kx k

26
 Drag new Gain blocks
from the Math library
To flip the gain block, select it
and choose Flip Block in the
Format pull-down menu.

c=0.5
 Double-click on gain
blocks to set parameters
 Connect from the gain
block input backwards up
to the branch point. k=1.0
 Re-title the gain blocks.
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 Complete the model
mx  cx  kx  f (t )
• Bring all the signals and inputs to the
summing block.
• Check signs on the summer.

f(t) + mx 1 x 1 x 1 x

input - x(t)
m s s
- output
cx x
c
kx x
k

28
Double-click on Step block
to set parameters. For a
step input of magnitude 3,
set Final value to 3

29
Final Simulink model

30
Run the simulation

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Results

Underdamped response.
Overshoot of 0.5.
Final value of 3.
Is this expected?

32
 Paper-and-pencil analysis
based on the equations of motion
• Standard form x c 1
 x  x  f (t )
k k k
m

• Nat’l freq. n 
k
 2.0
m

2 c
• Damping ratio     0.5
n k

• Static gain K
1
1
k
33
 Check simulation results
• Damping ratio of 0.5 is less than 1.
– Expect the system to be underdamped.
– Expect to see overshoot.
• Static gain is 1.
– Expect output magnitude to equal
input magnitude.
– Input has magnitude 3, so does output.
mx  cx  kx  f (t )
x c 1
 x  x  f (t ) m = 0.25, c = 0.5, k = 1, f(t) = 3
k k k
m
k 2 c 1
n   2.0     0.5 K  1
m n k k 34
End of tutorial