CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS - LABORATORY ACTIVITY 3
NAME: Rey A. Dordas SCORE:
SECTION: ME_1E_me5
ENERGY AND CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONS:
1. A system receives 425 J of heat and delivers 425 J of work toits
surroundings. What is the change in internal energy of thesystem (in J)?
The change in a system’s energy is ∆E = q + w. If the system receives heat, then it’s
qfinal is greater than qinitial so q is positive. Since the system performs work, it’s
wfinal <winitial is negative. The change energy is ( + 425 J) + (- 425 J) = 0 J
2. Complete combustion of 1.0 metric ton ofcoal (assuming purecarbon) to
gaseous carbon dioxide releases 3.3 x 1010 J of heat.Convert this energy to (a)
kilojoules; (b) kilocalories.
3. Classify the following processes as exothermic or endothermic: (a) freezing of water;
(b) boiling of water; (c) digestion of food; (d) a person running; (e) a person growing; (f)
wood being chopped; (g) heating with a furnace.
CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS - LABORATORY ACTIVITY 3
4. Calculate q when 12.0 g of water is heated from 20 °C to100 °C (specific heat of
water = 4.18J/g·°C).
Plan: The heat required to raise the temperature of water is found by using the
equation q = c x mass x ∆T. The specific heat capacity, cwater is found in Table 6.2,
because the Celsius degree is the same size as the kelvin degree, ∆T=100.°C - 20.°C =
80.°C = 80.K
5. A 295-g aluminum engine part at an initial temperature of 3.00°C absorbs 85.0 kJ of
heat. What is the final temperature of the part (specific heat of Al = 0.900 J/g·°C)?
CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS - LABORATORY ACTIVITY 3
6. When 165 mL of water at 22°C is mixed with 85 mL of water at 82°C, What is the
finaltemperature? (Assume that no heatis lost to the surroundings; d of water is 1 .00
g/mL)
The heat lost by the water originally at 82°C is gained by the water that is originally at
22°C. Therefore, -qlost = qgained.
7. Consider the following balanced thermochemical equationfor a reaction sometimes
used for H2S production:
⅛S8(s) + H2(g) →H2S(g) ∆Hrxn= -20.2 kJ
(a) Is this an exothermic or endothermic reaction?
(b) What is ∆Hrxn for the reverse reaction?
(c) What is ∆H when 3.2 mol of S8 reacts?
(d) What is ∆H when 20.0 g of S 8 reacts?
8. Liquid hydrogen peroxide, an oxidizing agent in many rocketfuel mixtures, releases
oxygen gas on decomposition:
CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS - LABORATORY ACTIVITY 3
2H2O2(l) →2H2O (l) + O2(g) ∆Hrxn= - 196. 1 kJ
How much heat is released when 732 kg of H 2O2 decomposes?
For the reaction written, 2 moles of H2O2 release 196.1 kJ of energy upon decomposition
9. Calculate ∆Hrxn for
Ca(s) + ½ O2(g) + Co2(g) →CaCO3(s)
given the following set of reactions:
Ca(s) + ½ O2(g) →CaO(s) ∆H = -635.1 kJ
CaCO3(s) →CaO(s) + CO2(g) ∆H = 178.3 kJ
To obtain the overall reaction, add the first reaction to the reverse of the second, and
when the second reaction is reversed, the sign of it’s enthalpy change the reverse from
positive to negative.
10. Write the balanced overall equation for the following process (equation 3) and calculate
∆HoveralI.
(1) N2 (g) + O2 (g) →2NO(g) ∆H = 180.6 kJ
(2) 2NO(g) + O2(g) →2NO2(g) ∆H = -114.2 kJ
(3) ∆Hoverall=?
CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS - LABORATORY ACTIVITY 3
11. Calculate ∆H°rxn for each of the following:
(a) 2H2S(g) + 3O2(g) →2SO2(g) + 2H2O (g)
(b) CH4(g) + CI2(g) →CCI4(l) + HCl(g) [unbalanced]
12. Copper(I) oxide can be oxidized to copper(II) oxide:
Cu2O(s) + ½ O2(g) →2CuO(s) ∆H°rxn= -146.0 kJ
Given that ∆H°f of Cu2O(s) = -168.6 kJ/mol, what is ∆H°f of CuO(s)?
13. Stearic acid (C18H36O2) is a typical fatty acid, a moleculewith a long hydrocarbon
chain and an organic acid group (COOH) at the end. It is used to make cosmetics,
ointments,soaps, and candles and is found in animal tissue as part of manysaturated
fats. In fact, when you eat meat, chances are that youare ingesting some fats that contain
stearic acid.
(a) Write a balanced equation for the complete combustion of stearic acid to gaseous products.
(b) Calculate ∆H°rxn for this combustion (∆H°f= -948 kJ/mol).
CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS - LABORATORY ACTIVITY 3
(c) Calculate the heat (q) in kJ and kcal when 1.00 g of stearicacid is burned completely.
(d) The nutritional information for a candy bar states that oneserving contains 11.0 g of fat and
100 Calfrom fat (1 Cal =1 kcal). Is this information consistent with your answerin part
(c)?
CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS - LABORATORY ACTIVITY 3
CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS - LABORATORY ACTIVITY 3
CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS - LABORATORY ACTIVITY 3
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