Diesel Engine Basics
What is an engine?
An engine is a device for converting stored
energy into useful work.
Engines are chiefly used to turn the wheel and
shafts of machines
(e.g.machinery in factories, cars and other
vehicles, locomotive).
Diesel Engine
Most engines today use for power generation
are Diesel Engines, In these engines diesel is
burned and produce hot expanding gases are
produced.
How do Diesel Engine Works?
The essential part of a diesel engine is a
cylinder in which a piston moves up and
down. (This is known as a reciprocating
movement.)
In a diesel engine, fuel is burned in the cylinder
thus producing got expanding gases. The rapid
expansion of hot gases creates pressure in the
cylinder which pushes the piston downwards. Since
most machinery works with a rotary (circular)
movement, the up and down
(reciprocating) stroke of the piston is converted
into a circular movement with the help of a crankshaft.
Diesel Engine Basics
Classification of Heat Engines
Diesel Engines are compression Ignition Engines can be classified on the basis of the following:
1.Method of charging: NA, TC or TA engines
2.Type of cooling: Liquid Cooling or Air Cooling
3.The arrangement of Cylinder: In-line, Vertical etc
Diesel Engine Basics
Four Stroke Cycle
Suction stroke
1. Intake valve remains open
during the entire intake stroke.
2.Piston travels from TDC to BDC.
3.Due to partial vacuum created by the
piston travel, air rushes in.
4.Exhaust valve remains closed during this
period.
Diesel Engine Basics
Four Stroke Cycle Compression Stroke
1.Both inlet and exhaust valves remain closed.
2.Piston travels from BDC to TDC.
3.The entrapped air is compressed causing air
temperature to rise to about 560 ºC.
4.Fuel is injected in atomized condition into
the hot air where it ignites.
5.Combustion of fuel generates heat and
gases. The rapid rise in temperature and
pressure in the combustion chamber pushes
the piston to BDC.
Diesel Engine Basics
Four Stroke Cycle Power stroke
1. Due to high temperature and pressure in the
combustion chamber, piston is pushed from TDC
to BDC. This is also called as "Useful Work
Done". During this stroke both valves remain
closed.
Diesel Engine Basics
Four Stroke Cycle
Exhaust stroke
1. Intake valve remains closed
2.Exhaust valve remains open during the entire
stroke.
3.Piston travels from BDC to TDC.
4.Exhaust gases are expelled out.
.
Diesel Engine Basics
Four Stroke Cycle Valve Overlap Period
During a brief period, when the exhaust stroke is
coming to an end the intake stroke is commencing,
both the intake the exhaust valves are open.
This is essential in the four stroke cycle of the
combustion engine.
a) It allows air to rush in from the intake port and
forces any remaining burnt gases out of the
exhaust port in a scavenging operation, so that
the combustion chamber is clean and ready for a
fresh charge of clean air.
b) It cools the exhaust valve cone and the piston
crown which are subjected to high
temperatures.
Diesel Engine Basics
Definitions
What is Horse Power?
A Unit for measuring power. It is the rate at which
work is done. One unit of horse power equals 75
kpm/s or 75 kg/m/sec (metric)
What is BHP?
BHP is the net power available at the crankshaft of
the engine. This is total power less frictional and other
losses.
What is Bore & Stroke ?
Bore : The Internal diameter of the cylinder liner.
Stroke : The distance the piston travels up and down
inside the cylinder from
TDC to BDC
TDC = Top Dead Centre
BDC = Bottom Dead Centre
Diesel Engine Basics
Definitions
What is compression Ratio ?
A ratio expressing the extent to which a charge of air is compressed.
It is a relation between the Swept Volume (Vs) and the Clearance Volume (Vc) and is determined at follows:
Engine System
1. Air Induction System
2. Lubricating Oil System
3. Cooling System
4. Fuel System
5. Exhaust System
