Network & Server configuration in Ubuntu Linux
RESEARCH STUDY
ON
CONFIGURING
NETWORKING
&
SERVERS
IN
UBUNTU
LINUX
Student Name: Rayala Sreesanth Page 1
Student ID :007
Network & Server configuration in Ubuntu Linux
CONTENTS
1. Introduction To Ubuntu Linux
2. Task -1 Configure Network interfaces
3. Task -2 Configure Servers
4. Executive Summary
5. References
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Network & Server configuration in Ubuntu Linux
1. INTRODUCTION TO LINUX
I. Introduction to Ubuntu and Linux
Linux is presently the most favorite operating system in the world
due to its speed of execution, hardware compatibility, platform free,
architecture free,operational stability and functional reliability. It is an
open source operating system, that has been developed from Unix
operating system by Mr.Linus Travolds as part of his third year academic
project. Later it became a part of the GNU open source project. Since the
Linux operating system has been developed from Unix operating it posses
all of its predecessor’s features like
1) Portable – Linux can operate on most types of Micro Controller or
Micro processor hardware as the Linux kernel supports almost any
kind of hardware platform.
2) Open Source – As part of the GNU free source project Linux
operating system and its source code is freely available and it is
part of a community based development project.
3) Multi-User and Multi Tasking − Linux is a multiuser and multi
tasking operating system hence many users can run multiple
programs or simultaneously access system resources like memory/
devices/ application programs at same time.
4) Hierarchical File System
5) Multiple Shells and Desktop environmenets(GUI’s)
6) SE-Linux – Inbuilt Security enhancements
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Network & Server configuration in Ubuntu Linux
2. TASK – 1
The four major objectives of Task-1 assignments are mentioned below:
1. Configure the network interfaces of PC, Server, Switch and Router
with appropriate network addressing.
2. Configure WAN by enabling IP packet forwarding on the routers using
dynamic routing protocols like ‘RIP-Routing Inter network protocol’.
3. Verify the Network Design using network applications like
a) ping b) traceroute 3) ifconfig 4)
Requirements - Hardware equipment:
1. Client computer with 4GB RAM, 250GB Hard disk drive, 15’ HD
monitor, Keyboard, Mouse and DVD drive.
2. Server computer with 8GB RAM, 500GB Hard disk drive, 15’ HD
monitor, Keyboard, Mouse and DVD drive.
3. Cisco SF110D 110 Series 5-Port Unmanaged Network Switch–(2 no’s)
4. Cisco 1841 Integrated Services Router - (2 no’s)
5. Four Ethernet straight cables to connect PC to Switch and Switch to
Router and two Serial cables to interconnect the Routers – (2no’s)
Requirements - Software programs:
1. Client Operating System -UBUNTU Desktop 16.04.3 LTS
2. Server Operating System - UBUNTU Server 16.04.3 LTS
3. Network applications:ping, ifconfig, traceroute
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Network & Server configuration in Ubuntu Linux
Task – 1 Execution steps :
1. UBUNTU Desktop 16.04.3 LTS operating system is downloaded from
https://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop and installed in to the Client
computer.
2. The UBUNTU Server 16.04.3 LTS operating System is downloaded
from https://www.ubuntu.com/download/serverND and installed into the
Server computer
3. The two Cisco SF110D 110 Series 5-Port Unmanaged Network
Switches are plugged to the power outlets and the four Ethernet Straight
cables are connected to PC to Switch (ethc1,ethc2) and Switch to Router
(ethc3,ethc4).
4. The two Cisco 1841 Integrated Services Router are interconnected to
one another with the 2 serial cables s00, s01
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Network & Server configuration in Ubuntu Linux
Client Network interface configuration
Client computer network interface configuration steps:
Perform the below mentioned steps to configure a Static IP address to the
client computer:
1. Click the Start menu or click on network menu on the task bar. The
Network configuration application opens. Select Edit Connections.
2. Select the Wired Network tab on the Wired tab and click Edit.
3. Click on the IPv4 Settings tab and change the configuration
method to Manual.
4. Click Add to set up a new network connection,
5. Enter the IP Address, Netmask, DNS and Gateway information into
the appropriate text boxes.
6. Click Save to save the network connection configuration with the
static IP address.
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Network & Server configuration in Ubuntu Linux
Client computer to Switch network interface configuration steps:
Perform the below mentioned steps to configure a Static IP address to the
client computer:
1. Boot and Logon to the Client computer.
2. Open the terminal application in a window by pressing the three
keys ‘shift’+’alt’+’t’.
3. In the terminal window at the Ubuntu ‘$’ prompt enter the ‘ping’
command and enter the client computer’s IP address to verify the
network configuration. On successful IP number configuration a
positive feedback is displayed or a negative message is displayed.
4. In the terminal window at the Ubuntu ‘$’ prompt enter the ‘ifconfig’
command. On successful network configuration it displays the NIC’s IP
number configuration, subnet mask, Loop back adapters configuration,
Gateway IP number configuration in the terminal screen.
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Network & Server configuration in Ubuntu Linux
5. In the terminal window at the Ubuntu ‘$’ prompt enter the ‘traceroute’
command along with a website IP address or domain name (Ex:
$traceroute google.com). On successful network configuration it displays
the client computers NIC’s IP number configuration, local Gateway IP
number and all the rote rip numbers till the ‘Google.com’ server IP
number in the terminal screen.
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Network & Server configuration in Ubuntu Linux
Client computer to Switch network interface configuration steps:
1. Connect the client computer to the Cisco SF110D 110 Series 5-Port
Unmanaged Network Switch with a Ethernet Straight cable. On successful
configuration the 2 network configuration LED’s -green color and orange
color on the Switch blink randomly to indicate a positive connection.
Client computer to Router network interface configuration steps:
1. Connect the Client computer serial port to the console port of the Cisco
1841 Integrated Services Router with a ‘Rollover console cable’. On the
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Network & Server configuration in Ubuntu Linux
client computer open the ‘minicom’ application and configure the
ethernet port IP number and Serial port IP number of the Router.
Client computer to Router network interface configuration steps:
1. Connect the Client computer Ethernet port to the Ethernet port of the
Cisco SF110D 110 Series 5-Port Unmanaged Network Switch with an
Ethernet straight cable. In turn connect the Ethernet port of the Cisco
SF110D 110 Series 5-Port Unmanaged Network Switch to the Ethernet
port of the Cisco 1841 Integrated Services Router with an Ethernet
straight cable. From the client computer use the network diagnostic
commands like 1)Ping, 2) Ifconfig and 3)Traceroute to test the network
configuration.
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Network & Server configuration in Ubuntu Linux
Server Network interface configuration
Server computer network interface configuration steps:
Perform the below mentioned steps to configure a Static IP address to the
Server computer:
1) During the Ubuntu Server 16.04.3 LTS installation process a screen
pops up indicating it needs the static IP address of the server computer.
Enter the IP Address, Netmask, DNS and Gateway information into the
appropriate text boxes and click on Continue button to Save to settings.
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Network & Server configuration in Ubuntu Linux
Server computer to Switch network interface configuration steps:
1. Connect the Server computer to the Cisco SF110D 110 Series 5-Port
Unmanaged Network Switch with a Ethernet Straight cable. On successful
configuration the 2 network configuration LED’s -green color and orange
color on the Switch blink randomly to indicate a positive connection.
Server computer to Router network interface configuration steps:
1. Connect the Sever computer Ethernet port to the Ethernet port of the
Cisco SF110D 110 Series 5-Port Unmanaged Network Switch with an
Ethernet straight cable. In turn connect the Ethernet port of the Cisco
SF110D 110 Series 5-Port Unmanaged Network Switch to the Ethernet
port of the Cisco 1841 Integrated Services Router with an Ethernet
straight cable. From the client computer use the network diagnostic
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Network & Server configuration in Ubuntu Linux
commands like 1)Ping, 2) Ifconfig and 3)Traceroute to test the network
configuration.
Client Routers to Server Router network configuration:
Connect both the client Cisco 1841 Integrated Services Router to the
Server Cisco 1841 Integrated Services Router using the Serial cable from
the serial port0/0/0 to serial port0/1/0 and configure the router based
Serial port with IP numbers and ‘RIP’ based dynamic routing protocol.
The routers serial ports are configured using class C – 192.168.100.1 &
192.168.100.2. The client computer is configured using class A- 10.0.0.10
and the client router Ethernet port with 10.0.0.1. The server computer is
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Network & Server configuration in Ubuntu Linux
configured using class A- 10.0.10.10 and the client router Ethernet port
with 10.0.10.1
3. TASK - 2
The four major objectives of Task-2 assignments are mentioned below:
1. Configure the DHCP on the server, such that the client PC can
successfully receive an IP Address and other network parameters like IP
address of router, netmask, DNS.
2. Configure a WEB server on dedicated machine, with URL as
www.YOURNAME.csu.edu.au.
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Network & Server configuration in Ubuntu Linux
3. Configure a DNS Server on the Server computer and demonstrate that
forward and reverse DNS are working from the client PC; test DNS Server
by browsing www.YOUR NAME.csu.edu.au from client PC, DNS must
resolve this URL to IP address of WEB Server
4. Configure traffic filtering on the router to block TCP traffic only
between one of the client PC and WEB Servers, and provide evidence of
such traffic filtering.
Requirements - Hardware equipment:
1. Client computer with 4GB RAM, 250GB Hard disk drive, 15’ HD
monitor, Keyboard, Mouse and DVD drive.
2. Server computer with 8GB RAM, 500GB Hard disk drive, 15’ HD
monitor, Keyboard, Mouse and DVD drive.
3. Cisco SF110D 110 Series 5-Port Unmanaged Network Switch–(2 no’s)
4. Cisco 1841 Integrated Services Router - (2 no’s)
Requirements - Software programs:
1. Client Operating System -UBUNTU Desktop 16.04.3 LTS
2. Server Operating System - UBUNTU Server 16.04.3 LTS
3. Network applications:ping, ifconfig, traceroute
DNS server configuration
1. Boot and logon to the Ubuntu Server Operating System
2. Open a terminal(press the three keys ‘shift+alt+t’ and enter the below
command
sudo -i gnome-terminal
3. A root shell opens. Enter the below command and press the ‘Enter key’
sudo apt-get update
4. Enter the below command and press the ‘Enter key’
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Network & Server configuration in Ubuntu Linux
sudo apt-get upgrade
5. Enter the below command and press the ‘Enter key’
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
6. Enter the below command and press the ‘Enter key’
sudo apt-get install bind9 bind9utils bind9-doc
7. Enter the below command at the ‘$’ prompt and press the ‘Enter key’
sudo nano /etc/bind/named.conf
8. Enter the below mentioned lines into the named.conf file and save it.
include "/etc/bind/named.conf.options";
include "/etc/bind/named.conf.local";
include "/etc/bind/named.conf.default-zones";
9. Enter the below command at the ‘$’ prompt and press the ‘Enter key’
sudo nano /etc/bind/named.conf.local
10. Enter the below lines into the named.conf.local file and save it.
zone " www.YOUR NAME.csu.edu.au" {
type master;
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Network & Server configuration in Ubuntu Linux
file "/etc/bind/for.YOUR NAME.csu.edu.au";
allow-transfer { 192.168.1.100; };
also-notify { 192.168.1. 100; };
};
zone "1.168.192.in-addr.arpa" {
type master;
file "/etc/bind/rev.YOUR NAME.csu.edu.au";
allow-transfer { 192.168.1.100; };
also-notify { 192.168.1. 100; };
};
11. Enter the below command at the ‘$’ prompt and press the ‘Enter key’
sudo nano /etc/bind/ for.YOURNAME.csu.edu.au
12. Enter the below lines into the /etc/bind/ for.YOURNAME.csu.edu.au
file and save it.
$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA pri. YOURNAME.csu.edu.au. root.
YOURNAME.csu.edu.au. (
2011071001 ;Serial
3600 ;Refresh
1800 ;Retry
604800 ;Expire
86400 ;Minimum TTL
)
@ IN NS pri.ostechnix.lan.
@ IN NS sec.ostechnix.lan.
@ IN A 192.168.1.100
@ IN A 192.168.2.2
pri IN A 192.168.2.2
client IN A 192.168.1.100
13. Enter the below command at the ‘$’ prompt and press the ‘Enter key’
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Network & Server configuration in Ubuntu Linux
sudo nano /etc/bind/ rev.YOURNAME.csu.edu.au
14. Enter the below lines into /etc/bind/ rev.YOURNAME.csu.edu.au file
and save it.
$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA rev. YOURNAME.csu.edu.au. root.
YOURNAME.csu.edu.au. (
2011071002 ;Serial
3600 ;Refresh
1800 ;Retry
604800 ;Expire
86400 ;Minimum TTL
)
@ IN NS pri.YOURNAME.csu.edu.au.
@ IN PTR YOURNAME.csu.edu.au.
pri IN A 192.168.2.2
client IN A 192.168.1.100
200 IN PTR pri.YOURNAME.csu.edu.au.
202 IN PTR client. YOURNAME.csu.edu.au.
15. sudo named-checkconf /etc/bind/named.conf
16. sudo named-checkconf /etc/bind/named.conf.local
DHCP server configuration
1. Logon to the Ubuntu Server Operating System
2. Open a terminal (press the three keys ‘shift+alt+t’ and enter the below
command
sudo -i gnome-terminal
3. A root shell opens. Enter the below command and press the ‘Enter key’
sudo apt-get update
4. Enter the below command and press the ‘Enter key’
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Network & Server configuration in Ubuntu Linux
sudo apt-get upgrade
5. Enter the below command and press the ‘Enter key’
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
6. Enter the below command and press the ‘Enter key’
sudo apt-get install isc-dhcp-server
7. Enter the below command and press the ‘Enter key’
$ sudo vi /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
8. Enter the IP address of router, Sever, firewall and range of IPaddresses
to clients.
9. Enter the below command and press the ‘Enter key’ to restart the
DHDP daemon
sudo service isc-dhcp-server restart
10. Enter the below command and press the ‘Enter key’ to check whether
the DHCP server is running.
sudo netstat –uap
Apache Web server configuration
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Network & Server configuration in Ubuntu Linux
1. Boot and logon to the Ubuntu Server Operating System
2. Open a terminal (press the three keys ‘shift+alt+t’ and enter the below
command
sudo -i gnome-terminal
3. A root shell opens. Enter the below command and press the ‘Enter key’
sudo apt-get update
4. Enter the below command and press the ‘Enter key’
sudo apt-get upgrade
5. Enter the below command and press the ‘Enter key’
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
6. Enter the below command and press the ‘Enter key’
sudo apt-get install apache2
7.
Enter the below command and press the ‘Enter key’ to allow the bypass of
firewall for apache
$ sudo ufw allow 'Apache Full'
8. Enter the below command and press the ‘Enter Key’ to check the
functioning of Apache Server
$ sudo systemctl status apache2
9. Enter the below command and press the ‘Enter Key’ to check the verify
of Apache Server
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Network & Server configuration in Ubuntu Linux
$ hostname –i
10. Enter the server ip address (192.168.2.2) or the domain name of
server YOURNAME.csu.edu.au and check whether the apache webserver
page opens.
Firewall configuration
1. Logon to the Ubuntu Server Operating System
2. Open a terminal (press the three keys ‘shift+alt+t’ and enter the below
command
sudo -i gnome-terminal
3. A root shell opens. Enter the below command and press the ‘Enter key’
sudo apt-get update
4. Enter the below command and press the ‘Enter key’
sudo apt-get upgrade
5. Enter the below command and press the ‘Enter key’
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
6. Enter the below command and press the ‘Enter key’
sudo apt-get install ufw
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Network & Server configuration in Ubuntu Linux
7. Enter the below command and press the ‘Enter key’ to allow the bypass
of firewall
$ sudo ufw allow <port>/<optional: protocol>
Ex: $ sudo ufw allow 'Apache Full'
8. Enter the below command and press the ‘Enter key’ to deny the bypass
of firewall
$ sudo ufw deny <port>/<optional: protocol>
Ex: $ sudo ufw deny 'Apache Full'
9. Enter the below command and press the ‘Enter Key’ to allow the client
to connect to the Server
$ sudo ufw allow from 192.168.0.1 to any port 22
10. Enter the below commands and press the ‘Enter Key’ to enable and
check the status of the the ubuntu firewall
$ sudo ufw enable
$ sudo ufw status
4. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
4.1- Objective
The present research study consists of two practical assignments
based on Linux operating system. Detailed information is stated below:
Task 1: a) Configure the network interfaces of the PC, Server and Router
with appropriate network addressing and enable routing between the
client computer and server using an Dynamic network Protocol called
‘RIP’.
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Network & Server configuration in Ubuntu Linux
Client<>Switch<>Router <------> Router<>Switch<>Server
Task 2: a) Install and c configure the four servers DNS, DHCP, Apache
Web Server and Firewall with appropriate network addressing and enable
network communication in between the client and servers
Client <> Switch <>Router <------> Router<> Switch <> DNS Server <>
DHCP Server<> Apache Web Server <> Firewall
4.2- Methodology of project execution
The methodology of project execution for this research study in
networking was to collect vast data on the two topics of 1) network
configuration and 2) Server configuration. To further improve my
knowledge levels I also consulted IT technicians who had previously
implemented the network and Server configurations at their organizations.
After the collection of required data and my own view point, I installed
and configured the Task-1 and Task-2 and implemented them. This
practical task based assignment helped me a lot to get in depth knowledge
in networking and server administration and maintenance.
4.3 – Results
I started my research study with the collection of technical data on
networking and server administration, collection of viewpoints of IT
administrators, and sorting the data into installation process and
administration process . After thorough study of the entire technical data
I successfully installed and configured the Ubuntu Linux operating
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Network & Server configuration in Ubuntu Linux
system, configured the network interfaces of PC’s, Server’s, Switches and
Routers, installed and configured the DNS, DHCP, Apache Web Server
along with the Ubuntu Firewall ‘UFW’.
4.4- Summary of Correlation
After successfully conducting the two assignment tasks of the
installation and configuration of networking and servers in Ubuntu Linux
operating systems I conclude that this practical based assignment has
tremendously improved my technical knowledge and functional skills of
IT hardware, networking and operating systems.
5. References
1. Ubuntu Unleashed by Mr. Jay LaCroix
2. Ubuntu Server Administration, Third Edition by Michael Jang
3. Ubuntu Official support website at
https://help.ubuntu.com/stable/ubuntu-help/net-fixed-ip-address.html
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