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Cheating Formula Statistics - Final Exam

This document provides a summary of important formulas for statistics: 1. It outlines the Poisson probability distribution formula for calculating the probability of a given number of events occurring in a fixed interval of time or space. 2. It presents the formulas for calculating the expected value, variance, and probability density function for the uniform probability distribution. 3. It lists the key parameters and variables in the normal distribution formula for calculating the probability of a given value occurring within a normal distribution.

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M.Ilham Pratama
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97 views4 pages

Cheating Formula Statistics - Final Exam

This document provides a summary of important formulas for statistics: 1. It outlines the Poisson probability distribution formula for calculating the probability of a given number of events occurring in a fixed interval of time or space. 2. It presents the formulas for calculating the expected value, variance, and probability density function for the uniform probability distribution. 3. It lists the key parameters and variables in the normal distribution formula for calculating the probability of a given value occurring within a normal distribution.

Uploaded by

M.Ilham Pratama
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cheating Sheet / Important Formula – STATISTICS – FINAL TERM

1. Poisson Probability Distribution

𝑥 = value of random variable


𝜇 = mean
𝑒 = natural exponent (2,718)
! = factorial

2. Uniform Probability Distribution

𝑬(𝑿) = 𝝁 =
𝒂+𝒃
(𝒃 − 𝒂)𝟐 (𝒃 − 𝒂)𝟐
𝟐 𝑽𝒂𝒓(𝑿) = 𝑺𝑫(𝑿) = √
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐

𝐹(𝑥) = 0 for 𝑥 < 𝑎


1
𝐹(𝑥) = × 𝑥 for 𝑎 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝑏
𝑏−𝑎

𝐹(𝑥) = 0 for 𝑥 > 𝑏

𝑎 = minimum value
𝑏 = maximum value
𝑥 = value of random variable

3. Normal Distribution

𝑋 = value of random variable


𝜇 = population mean
𝜎 = population standard deviation
𝑍 = standard normal (z) variable
4. Normal Approximation to the Binomial

*Use z-distribution to approximate binomial to normal

5. Sampling Distribution

Standard error of sample mean:

Standard error of sample proportion:

𝑥̅ = sample mean
𝜇 = population mean
𝜎 = population standard deviation
𝑛 = number of sample
𝑁 = number of population
𝑝̅ = sample proportion
𝑝 = population proportion
𝑍 = standard normal (z) variable

Finite Population Correction Factor (FPCF):

*function: reduce standard error of sample mean / sample proportion. ALWAYS Multiply to
standard error of sample mean / sample proportion. Use FPCF when 𝒏 ≥ 𝟎, 𝟎𝟓𝑵

6. Interval Estimation
Note: confidence interval always contain point estimate and Margin of Error
CI = point estimate ± Margin of Error
a. For population mean (𝜇) when 𝜎 known
 z 2ˆ 
2

n= 
 D 
b. For population mean (𝜇) when 𝜎 unkown

 z 2ˆ 
2
𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒
n=  𝜎̂ =
4
 D 
df = degree of freedom = n – 1

c. For population proportion (p)


2
 z 2 
n=  pˆ (1 − pˆ )
 D 
𝑥̅ = sample mean
𝑠 = sample standard deviation
𝜎 = population standard deviation
𝜎̂ = estimated population standard deviation
𝑛 = number of sample
𝑝̅ = sample proportion
𝑝 = population proportion
𝑝̂ = estimated population proportion
𝛼 = level of significance (1 – Confidence Level)
𝐷 = Margin of Error
𝑍 = standard normal (z) variable
𝑡 = students t-distribution

7. Hypothesis Testing
Hypothesis Testing Procedure:
1. Formulate the appropriate null hypothesis (𝐻0 ) and alternative hypothesis (𝐻1 /𝐻𝐴 ).
H0 HA Test Type Keyword
= ≠ Two-tail Exactly, Differ from
≥ < One-tail, Left-tail At least, Less than
≤ > One-tail, Right-tail At most, More than
*Note: Always use parameter population to specify the hypothesis
𝜇 = population mean or 𝑝 = population proportion

2. Specify the desired level of significance. (𝛼)


3. Collecting Data from sampling
4. Obtain sample evidence and compute the test statistic.
a. For population mean (𝜇) when 𝜎 known

b. For population mean (𝜇) when 𝜎 unkown

c. population proportion (p)


𝑥̅ = sample mean
𝑠 = sample standard deviation
𝜎 = population standard deviation
𝑛 = number of sample
𝑝̅ = sample proportion
𝑝 = population proportion
𝛼 = level of significance (1 – Confidence Level)
𝑑𝑓 = Degree of freedom ( n – 1)
𝜇0 = hypothesized value of mean
𝑝0 = hypothesized value of proportion

5. Determine the rejection region & rule.


Critical value approach:
a. Two Tailed Test
Reject H0 if |𝑍𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐| > |𝑍𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙|
Reject H0 if |𝑡𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐| > |𝑡𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙|
b. One Tailed Test – Right
Reject H0 if Zstatistic > Zcritical
Reject H0 if tstatistic > tcritical
c. One Tailed Test – Left
Reject H0 if Zstatistic < Zcritical
Reject H0 if tstatistic < tcritical
P-value approach: Reject H0 if p-value < 𝛼

6. Reach a decision and interpret the result.

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