IX. Ecologic Model A.
Hypothesis Ischaemic or ischemic heart disease (IHD), or myocardial ischaemia, is a disease characterized by ischaemia (reduced blood supply) of the heart muscle, usually due to coronary artery disease (atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries). Its risk increases with age, smoking, hypercholesterolaemia (high cholesterol levels), diabetes, and hypertension (high blood pressure), and is more common in men and those who have close relatives with ischaemic heart disease. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is sometimes called coronary heart disease. A coronary artery is a blood vessel that carries blood to your heart muscle. Your arteries are like narrow tubes. A fatty substance called plaque can build up in your arteries, blocking or slowing the flow of blood and oxygen. This can happen in any artery, but when it happens in the coronary arteries, your heart muscle does not get the blood and oxygen it needs to work properly. Coronary artery disease can lead to serious health problems, including angina (pain or pressure in the chest) and heart attack. CAD is the end result of the accumulation of atheromatous plaqueswithin the walls of thecoronary arteries that supply the myocardium(the muscle of theheart) with oxygen and nutrients. In the case of the patient it was predisposed his lifestyle. The main cause of Coronary Artery Disease is from the different factors such as lifestyle, diet and being an inherent disease.
B. Predisposing Factors Hereditary If you have heart diseases that run in the family. It can be a great factor that can cause CAD. Research suggests that family history on its own is responsible for as much as 15 percent of all heart diseases. Heredo-familial diseases (Hypertension;/heart disease); the patient inherited hypertension from the relative that eventually led to CAD. Lifestyle - lifestyle practices greatly affects the heart. In the patients case he usually goes to the gym after his work and at the same time jogs in the morning at the same time. He doesnt eat enough carbohydrates to supply for his activities. It also noted that the he only gets 6 hrs of sleep at night. Diet Excessive coffee drinking It often thought to lead to higher blood pressure. It's been shown that drinking 4-5 cups of coffee can raise your blood pressure by 5 points, compared to having only 1 cup. This isn't a huge amount, but the consequences over the years can lead to heart attacks and strokes. Coffee also may raise homocysteine levels in the blood, which is considered a risk factor for heart attacks. Protein High Diet - too much protein in the diet can put the body into a state of ketosis. This means the body is producing ketones in the blood, which are by-products of fat breakdown indicating fat is being used for energy rather than the body's preferred fuel source of carbohydrates. The body is fasting or starving when ketones are produced
and can cause glucose intolerance and insulin resistance which leads to bigger issues of coronary artery disease, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. C. Ecologic Model The Web model shows the relationship among the three predisposing factors mainly agent, host and environment which also determine their imbalance that may lead to an occurrence of a disease. This primarily talks of the multiple causation of the disease. It reflects the concept that multiple factors promote or inhibit the development of disease The concept is that the effects are never from a single isolated cause, but rather develop as a result of chain of causation resulting from a complex genealogy of antecedents The diagram below shows possible causes of cerebral palsy and not only from one cause:
Hereditary disease
Drinking 4 cups of coffee per day
Protein high diet
Coronary Artery Disease t/c Ischemic Heart Disease
Lifestyle D. Analysis CAD is the end result of the accumulation of atheromatous plaques within the walls of the coronary arteries that supply the myocardium(the muscle of the heart) with oxygen and nutrients. In the case of the patient it was predisposed by inheritance and precipitated by his lifestyle. E. Conclusion and Recommendations Whether there is no presence of hereditary disease, heart diseases such as CAD can develop due to the lifestyle, diet of the person where it stresses the heart. Treatment of coronary artery disease is aimed at controlling symptoms and slowing or stopping the progression of disease. The method of treatment is based on many factors determined by your symptoms, a physical exam, anddiagnostic testing. In many cases, if the blockage is less than 70 percent and not severely limiting blood flow,
medicationsmay be the first line of treatment.These help define your basic likelihood for developing heart disease. If you have any non-modifiable risk factors, it iseven more important to work on the risk factors you can change:Modifiable risk factors such as lifestyle Nursing Management 1. Relieve/control pain. 2. Prevent/minimize development of myocardial complications. 3. Provide information about disease process/prognosis and treatment. 4. Support patient/SO in initiating necessary lifestyle/behavioural changes Recommendation for the client is to maintain Relieve symptoms and reduce risk factors in an effort to slow, stop, or reverse the build-up of plaque. It is also necessary for the client to make lifestyle changes, Follow a healthy diet
