Routine Detection and Maintenance
of Transmission Line
State Grid of China Technology College
Sep. 2nd, 2020
◆ Name: Gang Feng
◆ Academic Degree: Master
◆ Professional Title: Senior Professor,
Technical Specialist in SGCC
◆ Post: Section Chief of Power Grid
Construction Training Department
◆ Research Interests: Transmission
Line Operation and Maintenance
E-Mail:
[email protected] 1
Preface
1 Routine Detection
1
Detection
and
maintenance
2 2 Routine Maintenance
Contents
1 Routine Detection of OTL
2 Routine Maintenance of OTL
3 Application of latest technology
01
Chapter One
Routine Detection of
Overhead Transmission Line
Chapter 1 Routine Detection of OTL
Line detection is an important means to
⚫ discover hidden equipment hazards
⚫ carry out equipment condition assessment
⚫ provide scientific basis for condition
maintenance
5
Chapter 1 Routine Detection of OTL
Tower Insulator
Detection Conductor Fittings
Foundation Others
6
Chapter 1 Routine Detection of OTL
Tower Detection
Cycle
Item year Remarks
⚫ A comprehensive detection ---Five years
after the newly-built line has been put into
Corrosion detection of poles
3 operation
and iron parts
⚫ On-site detection---After the anti-corrosion
treatment of the poles and towers
Anti-rust detection of tower
Tower configuration and grounding Spot check: including excavation Detection
5
equipment
⚫ Fully tighten --- One year after putting into
when
Tower bolt detection necessary operation
⚫ then spot check later
when Select points to measure according to the actual
Tower tilt and deflection necessary situation
7
Chapter 1 Routine Detection of OTL
Tower Detection---Corrosion detection
Corrosion of iron tower and bolt by SO2 in air
⚫ Insufficient thickness of zinc coating
⚫ Insufficient adhesion strength of zinc coating
⚫ The surface of iron tower is damaged by
discharging burn and mechanical damage
As a result, the strength of the tower is
reduced, and even the tower is collapsed.
8
Chapter 1 Routine Detection of OTL
Tower Detection--- Corrosion detection
⚫ Five years after the newly-built line
has been put into operation, a
comprehensive detection shall be
conducted, which will be
determined based on the line
inspection situation.
⚫ On-site detection shall be done
after the anti-corrosion treatment
of the poles and towers.
Zinc coating thickness detection Compon Working Thickness of
ent thickness zinc coating
≥5mm ≥86um
±660kV
＜5mm 65um-86um
9
Chapter 1 Routine Detection of OTL
Tower Detection--- Bolt detection
Check the tightening degree of bolts
Specifications M16 M20 M24 with various torque wrenches. It shall
Torque value be fully tightened one year after putting
80 100 250
（N*m） into operation, and spot check shall be
carried out afterwards.
10
Chapter 1 Routine Detection of OTL
Tower Detection--- tilt and deflection
Voltage Height of the Allowable value
level tower of inclination
≥100m 0.15%
±660kV 50m-100m 0.25%
≤50m 0.3%
Electronic total station is used to measure the
inclination of tower, especially after typhoon and
other hazardous natural weather.
11
Chapter 1 Routine Detection of OTL
Discussion and Quizzes
Which of the following statements is wrong：
⚫ Five years after the newly-built line has been put into operation, a
comprehensive corrosion detection of tower materials should be carried out.
⚫ On-site detection should be carried out after the anti-corrosion treatment of the
poles and towers
⚫ One year after putting into operation, a fully tighten of the tower bolts should be
carried out.
⚫ Tower tilt and deflection detection should be carried out once a year.
12
Chapter 1 Routine Detection of OTL
Discussion and Quizzes
Which of the following statements is wrong：
⚫ Five years after the newly-built line has been put into operation, a
comprehensive corrosion detection of tower materials should be carried out.
⚫ On-site detection should be carried out after the anti-corrosion treatment of the
poles and towers
⚫ One year after putting into operation, a fully tighten of the tower bolts should be
carried out.
⚫ Tower tilt and deflection detection should be carried out once a year.
when necessary, such as after
bad weather or natural disaster
13
Chapter 1 Routine Detection of OTL
Insulator Detection
Cycle
Item Remarks
year
Whole testing---within 3 years after putting into operation in order
to grasp the degradation rate.
Insulation test of disc porcelain insulator 3-6
Sampling testing---every 3-6 years in accordance with the
operating conditions
Contamination measurement of disc-shaped Fixed-point measurement according to the actual situation, or
1
porcelain insulators selected point measurement according to the inspection situation.
Corrosion inspection of insulator metal
Random detection --- after the 6th year
accessories
Insulator metal attachment detection 2 Random detection --- after the 5th year
Insulator
Insulator cracks, steel cap cracks, plastic cement
when
and displacement of umbrella skirt and steel cap, Each cleaning
necessary
flashover burns, distortion of the equalizing ring
Adhesive aging, damage, and cracks of
2-3 According to operational needs.
composite insulators and accessories
Composite insulator electrical machinery
5 5-8 years after commissioning
sampling inspection
Sampling test for hydrophobicity of composite
3 From the 6th year after commissioning
insulator
14
Chapter 1 Routine Detection of OTL
Insulator Detection---Insulation test
String Structural Number of good
Altitude length height condition
（m） （mm） insulator slices
≤500 4.4 195 23
500-1000 4.7 195 25
1000-1500 5.0 195 26
Live detection of the insulating performance using
1500-2000 5.3 195 28
spark gap detector with insulated operating rod
15
Chapter 1 Routine Detection of OTL
Insulator Detection---Contamination measurement
Insulator contamination detection---NSDD and ESDD
NSDD----non soluble deposit density
ESDD----equivalent salt deposit density
⚫ Remove the reference insulator at the monitoring point
⚫ Samples were taken from the reference insulators for contamination collection
⚫ NSDD and ESDD were measured by instrument
16
Chapter 1 Routine Detection of OTL
Insulator Detection---hydrophobicity test
Determination of composite insulator
detection period based on
hydrophobicity test results
HC1 HC2 HC3
⚫ HC1/HC2----3-5 years
⚫ HC3/HC4----2-3 years
⚫ HC5，1 year
⚫ HC6，Exit Operation
HC4 HC5 HC6
17
Chapter 1 Routine Detection of OTL
Discussion and Quizzes
Ture or not:
The insulators of DC transmission line is easier to be dirty than that of AC
transmission line.
18
Chapter 1 Routine Detection of OTL
Discussion and Quizzes
Ture or not:
The insulators of DC transmission line is easier to be dirty than that of AC
transmission line.
Due to the electrostatic adsorption effect of DC transmission lines, the insulators
of DC transmission line is easier to be dirty than that of AC transmission line.
So in order to improve the anti-pollution ability of the DC transmission line, and to
Increase safety margin, the length or the number of insulators of DC line are
longer/more than AC line.
19
Chapter 1 Routine Detection of OTL
Wire Detection
Item Cycle year Remarks
Broken strands, severe corrosion, Every time for The spot check---the ground wire clamp must be opened in
flashover burns, looseness, etc. maintenance time for inspection.
Wire connection fittings infrared
temperature measurement
1 High temperature and heavy load
1) Connecting fittings
0.5
2) Jumper wires and other connections
Conductor Vibration measurement of large span
or wire and ground wire For general lines, representative pitches should be selected
Grounding 1) General part 5 for on-site vibration measurement.
Wire 2) Span 1
Observation of wire dancing When dancing occurs, it should be observed in time.
⚫ Measurement after a year putting into operation
Measurement of wire sag, ground ⚫ Per year for these sections: Crossing high-speed
when necessary
distance, and crossover distance railways, high-speed roads and important transmission
lines
20
Chapter 1 Routine Detection of OTL
Wire Detection
Regularly carry out crossing distance measurement, especially for “3-
Crossing” areas, to ensure that the distance between ± 660kV overhead
transmission line and ground, highway and railway is not less than 18m, so as
to ensure the safety of line operation.
21
Chapter 1 Routine Detection of OTL
Fittings Detection
Item Cycle year Remarks
⚫ Use a telescope to observe whether the connecting tube wire has
Fittings test:
broken strands, or the wire is pulled out and shifted after the
a) Straight connection of fittings;
maximum tension;
b) Connecting fittings of different
When ⚫ The infrared test should be randomly tested when the line load is
metals;
necessary heavy
c) Parallel groove clamp, jumper
⚫ For suspicious crimping points and tension clamps in important
connection board, crimping strain
crossing sections of the running line, metal flaw detection should
clamp
be carried out.
Fittings
⚫ For parts that are difficult to see in appearance, open bolts,
Inspection of rust, wear, crack and Every time for washers, or detection with instruments.
deformation of fittings maintenance ⚫ If the line far-infrared temperature measurement is carried out,
the temperature shall be measured once a year.
Every time for Fasten once after 1 year of operation, and then conduct random
Spacer inspection
maintenance detection.
22
Chapter 1 Routine Detection of OTL
Fittings Detection---Infrared detection
When the line is running under heavy load, infrared detection should be carried out for the
connecting fittings and strain clamps.
Long time operation under high temperature will accelerate the damage of wires and fittings.
If the relative temperature rise exceeds 10 ℃, it should be judged as a defect.
⚫ 10-20 ℃ -----general defect
⚫ Over 20 ℃ -----serious defect 23
Chapter 1 Routine Detection of OTL
Discussion and Quizzes
When is/are the appropriate time to carry out infrared detection:
A: Early morning
B: Noon
C: Dusk
D: Late at night
24
Chapter 1 Routine Detection of OTL
Discussion and Quizzes
When is/are the appropriate time to carry out infrared detection:
A: Early morning
B: Noon
C: Dusk
D: Late at night
25
Chapter 1 Routine Detection of OTL
Foundation Detection
Item Cycle year Remarks
Spot check, dig under the ground 1m to check for
Iron tower
5 changes in metal parts such as corrosion, concrete
foundation
cracks, looseness and damage.
Grounding device 5 Excavate if necessary for grounding resistance test.
Foundation
Foundation
when Select points to measure according to the actual
settlement
necessary situation.
measurement
26
Chapter 1 Routine Detection of OTL
Foundation Detection---grounding device detection
⚫ Remove the bolt and open the grounding electrode
⚫ Measure the grounding resistance with 5000V
megohmmeter.
⚫ The grounding resistance is less than 10Ω normally
27
Chapter 1 Routine Detection of OTL
Foundation Detection---Foundation settlement measurement
It is inevitable for transmission line towers to be built in
areas with frequent geological disasters, soft soil sites
and mined out areas, which are prone to line foundation
settlement. Foundation settlement will cause tower tilt,
foundation displacement, tower structure deformation,
and even lead to tower collapse, line break and other
serious accidents. Therefore, the settlement detection of
transmission line foundation plays a very important role in
the normal operation of power grid.
28
Chapter 1 Routine Detection of OTL
Foundation Detection---Foundation settlement measurement
Just like the transformer substation, As for the tower foundation
required by the design for settlement observation, the settlement
observation bench mark will be set. 29
Chapter 1 Routine Detection of OTL
Other Detection---Environment electric field intensity test
When the transmission line is running, the voltage and current of the transmission line will
produce electric field effect and magnetic field effect, which will cause radio interference and
audible noise to affect the living environment and quality of life of people and animals.
The maximum composite electric field intensity limit of the ground under the line is 30kV/m.
30
02
Chapter One
Routine Maintenance of
Overhead Transmission Line
Chapter 2 Routine Maintenance of OTL
Routine maintenance must follow the following principles
⚫ The maintenance work should follow the relevant
process requirements and quality standards.
⚫ When replacing parts, the strength and parameters of
the replaced parts should not be lower than the
original design requirements
⚫ Maintenance shall be carried out on the basis of full
technical analysis and evaluation according to the
data results of inspection and inspection
⚫ Seasonal characteristics should be considered in
maintenance work
32
Chapter 2 Routine Maintenance of OTL
S/N Description Requirements
1 Anti-corrosion of iron parts of tower Determined according to the rust of the iron surface.
Adjust the cycle according to pollution conditions,
2 Insulator cleaning
salt density measurement, and operating experience.
3 Cutting and pruning trees and bamboo According to the inspection results.
4 Repair bird protection facilities and remove bird nests According to the needs at any time.
According to the monitoring results of the monitoring
5 Maintenance and adjustment of online monitoring equipment
equipment.
Maintenance of grounding devices and lightning protection
6 According to the inspection and patrol results.
facilities
Complete various signs and line identifications such as line
7 According to the inspection results.
name, pole number, phase, etc.
33
Chapter 2 Routine Maintenance of OTL
Anti-corrosion treatment
In case of serious corrosion of tower
materials or failure of zinc coating,
antirust paint shall be timely applied.
The main materials with serious
corrosion shall be replaced in time
34
Chapter 2 Routine Maintenance of OTL
Insulator cleaning and coating
In areas with serious pollution, insulator cleaning should be carried out regularly
For porcelain insulators, long-term anti pollution flashover coating can be sprayed
35
Chapter 2 Routine Maintenance of OTL
Insulator cleaning and coating
Room Temperature Vulcanized Silicone Rubber
RTV
36
Chapter 2 Routine Maintenance of OTL
Discussion and Quizzes
Is RTV coating required on the surface of composite insulator?
A: YES
B: NO
37
Chapter 2 Routine Maintenance of OTL
Cutting trees
Intensify the control of hidden dangers of tree-
line contradictions in the power line protection
zone, promptly clean up and trim the tree
barriers in the line protection zone that affect the
line safety
Before the change of weather, clear the broken
branches of trees on surrounding buildings and
roads prone to be picked up by the wind.
38
Chapter 2 Routine Maintenance of OTL
Repair bird prevention facilities and remove bird nests
⚫ Bird-proof devices should be installed in time for lines in areas with frequent bird
damage, such as bird thorns, bird-proof baffles, bird-drive windmill.
⚫ The inspection and maintenance of the installed bird protection devices should be
strengthened, and the failed bird protection devices should be replaced in time.
⚫ Remove the bird's nest directly above the insulator in time.
39
Chapter 2 Routine Maintenance of OTL
Maintenance and adjustment of online monitoring equipment
The on-line monitoring equipment such as equipment measuring meteorological conditions and on-line
monitoring such as channel environment monitoring camera are very important. They can help line
workers to understand the weather conditions and find out the hidden dangers of the line channel in time.
If they are abnormal, they should be repaired and handled in time.
40
Chapter 2 Routine Maintenance of OTL
Maintenance of grounding devices and lightning protection facilities
Before the thunderstorm season, the lightning protection facilities should be
tested and repaired.
⚫ Install or repair the line lightning arresters
⚫ Repair the grounding devices to reduce the grounding resistance.
41
Chapter 2 Routine Maintenance of OTL
Install various signs and line identifications such as line name, pole
number, phase, etc.
42
03
Chapter One
Application of latest technology
Chapter 3 Routine Maintenance of OTL
Geological disaster warning and monitoring system
哈尔滨
★
乌鲁木齐 ★
★ 长春
★ Geological disaster prediction and warning center
呼和浩特 ★北京 沈阳
★
★
银川 ★ 天津
★ ★ 石家庄
太原 ◆ Mountain fire prediction and warning center
★ ★
西宁
★
济南 ◆ Icing prediction and warning center
兰州 ★ ◆ Galloping prediction and warning center
西安★ 郑州 ★南京
★ ★ 上海
★ ★ 武汉 合肥
拉萨 成都 ★ ★
重庆 ★
杭州
★
★ Typhoon prediction and warning center
★ 长沙 南昌
贵阳 福州★
昆明★ ★ 台北
广州★
★南宁 ★ ★香港
澳门
★ 海口
Lightning prediction and warning center
44
Chapter 3 Routine Maintenance of OTL
On line monitoring system of transmission line
Wind deviation, galloping Micro Weather online
and sag online monitoring monitoring system
system
Conductor (hardware) Online monitoring system
temperature online for tower inclination
monitoring system
Insulator leakage current Icing online monitoring
online monitoring system system
45
Chapter 3 Routine Maintenance of OTL
46
Chapter 3 Routine Maintenance of OTL
47
Chapter 3 Routine Maintenance of OTL
Fittings Detection According to the attenuation
characteristics of X-ray propagating in
A the medium, after passing the X-ray with
uniform intensity through one side of the
tension clamp to be inspected, the X-ray
intensity after passing through the
tension clamp is no longer uniform due
to the different attenuation
B characteristics of the defect part and the
basic material of the strain clamp to be
inspected. The remaining X-ray after
passing through the strain clamp is
received on the other side with the
imaging film. The type and nature of the
⚫ Steel anchor groove not crimped defects can be accurately judged
according to the X-ray images.
⚫ Steel core fracture
48
Chapter 3 Routine Maintenance of OTL
Removing the flammable foreign object
Robot
UAV
Laster cannon 49
Chapter 3 Routine Maintenance of OTL
Live washing the polluted insulator
50
THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION
51
