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v08 -s_
1. Communication Engineering
Frequency spectrum (discrete and continuous) and bands, coulomb’s law and electric field
intensity, electric flux density and gauss’ law, Spectral density, Noises (atmospheric, thermal,
partition, white noise, Gaussian noise, Noise ratio(s)), Maxwell’s first equation and
application, divergence theorem, energy and potential, Fourier series, Laplace equation and
Poisson equation, biot-svart’s law, ampere’s circuital law, curl, wave motion in free space,
perfect dielectric and losses, wave medium, skin effect, impedance matching, antenna
fundamental (Horn, slot, parapolic, yagi, Cassegrain, lens), polarization, radiation from dipole
antenna, wave guides(broad-band guides, Cylindrical, ridged)

2. Telecommunications and advanced communications

Different between Telecommunications and Radio Communication, return loss transformer
and hybrid circuit, signal and noise measurements, echo and singing, space/time/frequency
/wave length division multiplexing, erlang B formulae, queuing theorem, OSI layers,
telephony, functions of switching, electro mechanical switches, stored programmed controlled
switch (TS/ST/TST/STS switching, no. 5 and no. 7 control signaling), general concept of
ISDN, BISDN, ATM, PDH/SDH, DSL, HDSL, ADSL, numbering, routing and channeling
plans; UMTS, IMT-2000, NGN (Next Generation Network), real time protocol, VoIP,
IP/PSTN platform, Overview to IN (Intelligent Network), Basics of GIS (Geographical
Information System)

3. OpticalSytem
Laser, Photocell, photo device (LED, CRT, photovoltaic, photo-multipliers, APD's PCN),
Principle of optical communication, Total internal reflection, Snell’s law, Chemical vapour
Deposition, optical fibers types, capacity and properties, optical transmission, optical
transmitters and receivers, interconnected and switched, Joining techniques, splices,
connectors and coupling, fiber optics networks, optical switching, underground cabling (Route
and ambient consideration, tension prediction)

4. Wireless Communications
Radio frequency band, Propagation theory (groundwave, spacewave, tropospheric,
ionospheric), Euler-Larmour theory, LOS (line of sight) and non-LOS model, Okumara and
Hata model, Mobile Technologies (DECT, GSM, CDMA2000-1x and etc.), Fundamental of
satellite communication (tracking, Satellite orbits and Radio spectrum, satellite wave
propagation and satellite antennas), digital satellite communication system, earth stations,
Kepler’s laws of orbital motion, signal to noise ratio, interference between different wireless
systems. Antennas (Directional, Non-directional, reflective), impedance and effective length
of antenna as transmitter & receiver, Radiation pattern, broad-side pattern, Eudfire pattern,
Pattern synthesis

5. Computers and Network

Different between analogue and digital computer, Binary system and Boolean algebra, Gates,
Computer structure (I/O devices, Storage devices, Memories) and typical processor
architecture, CPU and memory organization, buses, Characteristics of I/O and storage devices,
Processing unit and controller design, hardware and micro program control, Instruction sets
and addressing modes, memory systems (main, auxiliary, virtual, cache), assembly language
programming, I/O and interrupt servicing, Multiplexing, (time, frequency and code division
multiplexing), Digital networks: ISDN, frame relay and ATM. Protocols: (such as ISO/OSI
reference model, X.25, IP), LAN/WAN topologies, access schemes, medium access and logic
layers; CSMA/CD and token ring protocols; segmented and hubbed LANs, Operating system
principles, components, and usage(Multitasking and/or multiprocessing, Real-time aspects)
 v08 -v_
6. Information and Communications Technology (ICT)
Computer architecture, microprocessor fundamental, microcomputer systems, parallel and
serial interfaces, RS-232 standards, flow charts, algorithms, variables, constants, data types,
arithmetic expressions, arrays, concept of Operating System, Basic concept on internet, e-mail
and web-page (such as DNS, IP, URL, http, ftp, IRQ, Routers). Server (Web, email, printer),
General concept of Cyber security (digital signature, SPAM, VIRUS, WORM, hiking,
cracking), Unicode

7. Electronic Device and Circuit

Diodes (Tunnel, varactor, zener, diac, Triac, bridge, Impatt, Gunn, photo) and applications,
Bipolar transistors switching characteristics, unijunction transistor, MOS transistors switching
characteristics, SCR, UJT, TTL logic circuits, NMOS/CMOS logic circuits, memory: RAM,
DRAM, PROM, EPROM, operational amplifiers, Butterworth and Chebysev filters, A/D
converters, adders, arithmetic operations, digital comparators, parity check generator,
multiplexer and demultiplexer, flip-flops, shift register, counters, sequence generators,
oscillators(wien bridge oscillators, tuned, LC oscillators, crystal, clap modification), resosant
circuits, thyristor, controlled rectifier circuits, 7 segment display, amplifier (Untuned, push-
pull, feed back amplifiers, Klystron, Magetrons) bode plot analysis, Emitter, clipper, collector,
clamper circuits

8. Signal analysis and processing

Discrete probability theory, Information theory, Shannon-Hartley law, transmission of signal,
impulse response and convolution, Fourier series, Fourier transform, unit step, delta, sinc and
signum function, helbert transform, LTI system, system described by differential and
difference equations, FIR and IIR filters, discrete Fourier transforms, IDFT, FFT, circular
convolations, Parseval’s theorem, energy, power and autocorrelation, Z transform

9. Instrumentation & Control System

Dynamometer, Multimeter, Oscilloscopes, Signal generator, Impedance Bridges (Maxwell,
Hay, Schering, Anderson, Desauty), Transducers (Strain Guages, Thermistor, Piezoelectric
tacheometer, thermocoupler) Open loop and closed loop control system, system stability and
sensitivity, system transfer functions and responses, poles and zeros location and their
significance, root locus method, frequency response method, Bolometers technique for
measurement of power

10. Basic Analog and Digital Communications

Difference between analog and digital communications, basic communication elements, signal
and noise in communication system, AM, DSC-SC, PM, FM, Super-heterodyne AM and FM
receiver, SSB, D/A and A/D Converters, sampling theorem, sample and hold circuit, A law,
m-law, quantizer, coding (NRZ/HDB3/AMI), error detection and correction, Parity check,
PCM/ADPCM, digital modulation (ASK/PSK/QPSK/MSK/QAM/CDMA/FDMA/DSSS),
pulse modulation, modulation and demodulation circuits, Frequency hopping, frequency
converter and mixers, phase locked loop
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v08 -s_
1.Radio Communication
Radio propagation in different waves (long wave to SHF), propagation characteristics, frequency
availability, limitation element at VHF, UHF, discrete and continuous spectrums, stay capacitance,
internal load inductance, dummy load, Traveling and standing waves, match and mismatch lines,
distribution component of line, Variable impedance along a mismatched line, Tune circuit and
filters, Phase velocity, phase shift, group velocity, wave guides, antenna fundamentals (types,
characteristics, pattern, matching), Modulation & demodulation types and techniques for analogue
and digital system, different types of Noise and calculation, frequency generation, counters.
Random signal theory (Ergodic processes, correction function, white noise)

2. Information Technology
Computer, Microprocessor, Signal processing, Database Management, Computer Architects and
computer Graphics, Internet, email and Web-pages, e-strategies (e-government, e-business, e-
learning, e-health, e-employment, e-enviroment, e-agriculture, e-science), Tele-culture (Tele-
education, Tele-medicine, tele-centre, Tele-phony, and etc.)

3. Electronics Device, Circuit and Techniques

Use, operation and characteristics of Diode, triode, pentode, Transistors, thyristor; measurement of
resistance, capacitance, inductance, current, voltage in different R-C-L circuit, different types of
amplifiers and rectifiers' usage and characteristics, Strain gauge and application, SCR (simple,
phase control, temperature control, light control), close/open loop control and choppers, Boolean
algebra, Logical gates and switching algebra, Memory (statics, volatile), A/D & D/A converter
circuits, Sampling theory

4. Navigation, surveillance, Avionics

Radar range equation, Radar direction indication, Radar Display, different between PAR, SSR,
Doppler effect, MTI Radar, HF-SSB communication, General concept of Navigation system
(MLS, ILS, Radio Beacons and determinations, VOR, DME, GPS) and Airborne equipment (FIS,
altimeter,), ICAO Annex 11

5. Power supplies
Single phase and Polyphase AC power supply systems, Electrical motors, AC/DC generators,
Rectifiers and filters, Regulator power supply system, Uninterruptible Power Supply Systems.

6. Frequency Management & Monitoring

Radio Frequency band and allocation, Frequency Channel plan (as per separation and system),
spurious emissions, system (Simplex, duplex, dual) Type of radio services, Terrestrial line-of-sight
communication links (propagation, effects of atmosphere, interference, fading) Broadcasting band,
Frequency monitoring systems (techniques and procedures, scanning, location & direction
finding), Satellite communication (orbital locations, choice of frequency, modulation techniques)
and earth station (antenna, terminal equipment, ground networking, earthling) National Frequency
Allocation Plan

7. Management Concepts
Role of Science and technology in development, Parameters of development, Measurement of
Development, Targeting Vision, mission, goal and objectives; strategies and work description of
organization and its' structures, authority and power delegation, leadership, motivation, group's
dynamics, time management, conflict management, use of MIS, decision support system, customer
care, out sourcing, use of inventory and training, service port folio
 v08 -v_
8. Rules, Regulations & Policy

ITU overview, ICAO Overview, ICT policy, Telecommunication Policy, Radio Act &
Regulations, National Broadcasting Act & Regulation, Cyber-law, National Frequency
Allocation Plan

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