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Understanding Machine Language

Machine language is the lowest-level programming language, directly comprising the binary machine code that a computer's central processing unit can execute. It consists of binary numbers representing processor instructions and data. While efficient for computers, machine language is extremely difficult for humans to program in due to its numerical format.

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105 views11 pages

Understanding Machine Language

Machine language is the lowest-level programming language, directly comprising the binary machine code that a computer's central processing unit can execute. It consists of binary numbers representing processor instructions and data. While efficient for computers, machine language is extremely difficult for humans to program in due to its numerical format.

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sasi
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Machine Language

Scenarist : Qasımzadə Elgün


Group :682.18E
Generation of Programming Language

FIRST GENERATION OF
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
 The first generation of
programming language, or
1GL, is machine language.
Machine language is a set
of instructions and data that
a computer's central
processing unit can execute
directly. Machine language
statements are written
in binary code, and each
statement corresponds to
one machine action.
Machine Language

 This is very hard to


understand by a
human. It is a series of
numbers, originally
binary, but
hexadecimal is more
common today. This
originated from the
early days of
computing, where
there were limited
mechanisms of input
Machine Language

Every Processor type has its own set of specific machine instructions.
 A machine instruction consists of several bytes in memory that tells the
processor to perform one machine operation.
 The processor looks at machine instructions in main memory one after
another, and performs one machine operation for each machine
instruction.
 The collection of machine instructions in main memory is called a machine
language program.
Instruction
Some simple Instruction
Advantages of Machine language

 Machine language makes fast


and efficient use of the
computer.
 It requires no translator to
translate the code. It is directly
understood by the computer.
 Programmers can utilize
processor and memory in
better way using a low level
language.
 It can directly communicate
with hardware devices.
Disadvantages of Machine language

 All operation codes and


memory addresses have to be
remembered.
 It is hard to amend or find errors
in a program written in the
machine language.
 This programing language is not
portable.
 Machine Languages are more
error prone.
Example Machine Language Example

Below is an example of machine language(binary) for the test “Hello World”.

Below is an another example of machine language(non-binary),


which will print the letter “A” 1000 times to the computer scree
Example Problem : Read and sum three values and print sum
Why Humans Don't Use Machine Language

 While easily understood by


computers, machine languages
are almost impossible for humans to
use because they consist entirely of
numbers. Programmers , therefore,
use either a high-level
programming language or
an assembly language. An
assembly language contains the
same instructions as a machine
language, but the instructions
and variables have names instead
of being just numbers.

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