Commercial Applications Assignment (Aaryaman R)
Q1. Distinguish between
a. Renewable and Non –renewable resources.
Renewable Resources Non-Renewable Resources
These resources are regularly replenished These resources exist on Earth in fairly Fixed
through natural processes. Quantities.
They have the potential to last indefinitely. These have the potential of being depleted or
exhausted . These are being used faster than
they are replaced by nature due to Irrational
use and overuse.
Ex:Water,Wind,Sunlight etc Etc:Fossil fuels and minerals
b. Hydro Energy and Wind Energy
Hydro Energy Wind Energy
Hydro energy is that energy created by The energy which is obtained from air in
running and falling water. It is also called motion is known as wind energy.
Hydel energy.
To create Hydro energy , water is collected at A large number of windmills are installed over
a certain height in huge reservoirs.This water large area called “wind farm”. The energy
having lot of potential energy is made to fall produced by all the windmills is coupled
on turbines connected to huge generators together to generate electricity at a large
which generate electrictricity. scale.
This energy can be used for grinding grains in Wind can be used to generate mechanical
water mills, transporting timber from one power such as for pumping water, grinding
place to another and for generating electricity. grains and driving sail boats.
c. Geo- Thermal Energy and Ocean- Thermal Energy
Geo-thermal energy Ocean-thermal energy
Deeper regions of the earth's crust are very The heat contained in the ocean water
hot.In these regions the rocks melt to form heated by the sun can be converted into
magma. Geological changes push the electricity called ocean thermal energy.
magma upwards .This hot magma collects at
a depth below the earth surface. These hot
spots are the source of geothermal energy.
Ex:hot water springs in like Dehradun, Ex:power plants where warm surface water is
Manali.In other words it is the heast energy used to boil liquids like ammonia to form
from the hot rocks present inside the Earth. vapours at a high pressure. These vapours
are then used to drive a turbine coupled with
generator to produce electiricity.
1. Geothermal energy may be
defined as the heat energy
from hot rocks present inside
the earth.
d. Petroleum Gas and Natural Gas
Petroleum Gas Natural Gas
Petroleum gas is obtained as a byproduct in natural gas is a fossil fuel that is found with
the process of petroleum refining.. petroleum in oil wells. It c
It mainly consists of butane and ethane It contains mainly methane which burns
easily to produce heat.
Example- Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG) Example - Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)
Generally used as cooking gas cylinders in CNG is used as a fuel in automobiles.
our kitchen
Q2. a. Mention any four causes of the Greenhouse effect.(For this answer explain each with a
sentence)
Ans 2 :- The chief cause of Green house effect is the enormous quantitities of carbon di oxide
generated through burning of fossil fuels.
Other causes are- Watervapour, chlorofluorocarbons , methane and nitrogen oxide and ozone.
1. Carbon dioxide-
A) Carbon di oxide is released into the environment every time fossil fuels are burnt for
energy by factories, power plants and automobiles
B) The amount of carbon di oxide is increasing rapidly due to increasing number of
vehicles, factories and power plants
C) Deforestation and burning of firewood also release carbon di oxide in the air.
2. Water vapour-
A) Atmospheric water vapour is a significant green house gas
B) Increased water vapour and changes in atmospheric circulation could also create
changes in cloud cover.
3. Chlorofluorocarbons-
A) Halocarbons are well known as the depletors of stratospheric ozonebut they are
also significant as greenhouse chemicals.
B) (Their use mainly takes place in the industries that manufacture refrigerators, air
conditioners, paints and other sprays.
C) Their impact is 15000 times the impact of carbon di oxide and are responsible for 25
percent of overall greenhouse effect.)
4. Niotrogen oxides-
A) These are released by excessive use of nitrogen fertilisers in agriculture and intensive
vehicular traffic.
B) Though their heat absorbing capacity is 230 times more than carbon di oxide but due to
its low concentration in the atmosphere its contribution is only 6 percent to green house
effect.
b. What is food adulteration ? Give one example.
Ans. Food Adulteration means deliberate mixing of low quality, undesirable, inedible and even
toxic materials in food items.
For example-
a)the mixing of dried papaya seeds in black pepper.
B)mixing of blotting paper or starch in Ice Creams.
c. What is Tidal energy?
Ans. Tides are caused by the gravitational force of the sun and the moon. The tides have a
tremendous amount of mechanical energy. This energy can be used to generate electricity.
Hence, tidal energy is derived from the tides of the oceans.
Tidal power is renewable, free of cost and can be a source of continuous supply of energy.
Example of Tidal Energy centres in India - Gulf of Kutch, Gulf of Cambay in Gujarat ,
Sundarbans in West Bengal.
d. State one advantage and one drawback each of using nuclear power as a form of energy.
Ans. Advantage- Nuclear energy is in some respects the most clean source of energy. Its
generation and emission do not create carbon dioxide or other greenhouse gases as well as
does not cause acid rain or smog.
Disadvantage- There is risk of an accident in a nuclear power plant such as the Chernobyl
power plant explosion in Ukraine (USSR). It creates radioactive waste which is very harmful.
Q3. Long answers
a. Write short notes on the following
i) Chipko Andolan
In the 1970s, an organised resistance to the destruction of forests spread throughout India. It
came to be known as Chipko Andolan.
The movement was led by Sunderlal Bahuguna and several other civil society leaders.
Sunderlal Bahuguna undertook a 5000 kilometre foot March to spread the Chipko message. He
coined the slogan, “Ecology is permanent economy”.
The Chipko Andolan Drew worldwide attention. It inspired the environmentalists both in India
and abroad.
It made a substantial contribution to ecofeminism, deep ecology, community-based conservation
and sustainable development. The Chipko movement led to a ban on the felling of green trees
in the Himalayan forests.
ii) Bhopal Gas Tragedy
In 1984 there was an accidental release of 40 tonnes of methyl isocyanate (MIC) from the
factory of Union Carbide India Limited located in the heart of Bhopal city (Madhya Pradesh)
This was an industrial disaster.
It caused more than 15000 deaths and injured more than 6 lakh persons.
The majority of deaths and serious injuries related to pulmonary edema.
But, the gas also resulted in a variety of other ailments .
iii) Chernobyl Disaster
The Chernobyl disaster occurred on April 26th 1986 at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant
located in Chernobyl city of Ukraine.
It is considered to be the worst accident in the history of nuclear power generation.
A plume of radioactive fallout drifted over the surrounding area.
Large areas of Ukraine, Belarus and Russia were badly contaminated.
It caused at least 80% of direct deaths.
More than 9000 people died from some form of cancer and about 6.6 million people were
exposed to radiation.
iv) Narmada Bachao Andolan
This was started in 1986 under the leadership of Medha Patkar.
It aimed primarily to educate those directly affected about the social and environmental impact
of large development projects.
It began as a protest against the construction of dams in the Narmada Valley in general.
The Aandolan mobilized and organised residents of the Narmada Valley on human rights and
environmental issues related to big dams.
The leaders of this movement are fighting against displacement and disregard of the rights of
the people.
b. Explain the five consumer rights as per the Consumer Protection Act 1986.
1)Right to safety-
A) It means the right to be protected against the marketing of goods and services which are
hazardous to life and property.
B) Before purchasing, consumers should insist on the quality and guarantee of the product and
service.
C)They should purchase products with carry and quality marks such as ISI, AGMARK, etc.
2)Right to be informed-
A) It means right to be informed about the quality, quantity, purity, potency, standard and price
of goods.
B) By getting all such information, consumers can make the right choice and protect
themselves from unfair trade practices.
3)Right to choose-
A )It means the right to be assured ,whenever possible, of access to a variety of goods and
services at competitive price.
B)It also includes the right to basic goods and services.
4)Right to be heard-
A) It means consumers interest must receive the consideration at appropriate forums. B) It also
includes the right to be represented in various forms constituted to consider the welfare of
consumers.
5)Right to seek redressal-
A) It means right to seek redressal against unfair trade practices or unscrupulous exploitation of
consumers.
B)It also includes the right to fair settlement of the genuine grievances of consumers.
c. With the help of examples, explain how consumption can be reduced by using the 5 R’s.
1. Reduce- Try to minimise the consumption of goods and services. For example,
excessive use of electricity can be reduced by switching of electrical appliances
immediately after use.
2. Refuse- Do not buy unnecessary goods and services. For example, one should carry
a cloth bag to avoid the need for plastic poly bags which are non biodegradable.
3. Reuse- Reuse of goods will reduce the demand for new goods. This would lead to
saving of natural resources.
4. Recycle- Recycling means that goods are used again in another form. For example,
used paper can be recycled to save trees.
5. Repair- The repair of goods reduces the need for new goods. For example, repairing
old furniture is both cost effective and eco friendly.
