Meghana G Raj

Meghana G Raj
Introduction
In the present dy technology three things are gaining importance namely:
1) Electronics,
2) Data processing
3) Cloud Computing
Electronics:
qThere are various innovative sensors being designed and manufactured for
capturing information in many of the areas and is a major contributor to the
development of new innovative products surrounding the environment
infrastructure, manufacturing sector, supply chain etc.
qA variety of open source embedded development boards are currently
available for prototyping in many areas and is a major contributor to the
development of new innovative products.

Meghana G Raj
Introduction
Data Processing
qMassive data processing technologies such as those running in various
distributed/ cluster computing platforms are resulting in gaining new insights
from data analysis on real time as well as archived data.

Cloud Computing
qCC Infrastructuire sich as SaaS, PaaS, IaaS are providing on demand access
to hardware, software tools, storage , networking etc. It infrastructure and
bussiness solutions can be easily configured in cloud using these systems.

Meghana G Raj
IoT Device Hardware
IoT device framework is explained in 4 modules
qCommunication Module : communication with third party on the cloud or
locally suituated around.
qData processing Module: a system with computing capability to process
data, perform data analysis and data storage and facilities like edge
computing.
qData Aquisition Module: aquire information by sensing surrounding
environment.
qThing: the object you want to control

Meghana G Raj
IoT Hardware and Technology stack
IoT hardware is a critical component of a system that can impact on the
cost , functionality, usability etc, unless it is managed efficiently.
The IoT technology stack consists of both the hardware and software.

1) IoT hardware
2) Device Software
3) Communication
4) Cloud Platform
5) Cloud Applications

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Prototyping Boards for Iot
System on Chip ( SoC) is a mini computer ithout display monitor and
keybiard. It has all functionalities if a CPU such as RAM, Input/Output
ports, limited storage and processing capability.
It also has hardware devices. SoC integrates a programmable micro
controller unit where the application specific program software ( firmware)
is embedded in a permanent memory space known as SDRAM.
Many commercial manufactures are providibf SoC’s example: Raspberry Pi,
Beaglebone, Arduino etc.
Arduino board supports programming language known as Embedded C.
Raspberry Pi, Beaglebone supports popular programming languages such as
phyton and Java.
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Single Board Computer
A computer built on a single circuit board with a microprocessor, memory,
input/output and other feature required for a complete functional computer
is known as Single-board Computer.
Currently Raspberry Pi and Onion Omega are two most popular SBC
families.

Meghana G Raj
Arduino Boards
Is a popular open source electronics platform with hardware and software.
Arduino boards support functionalities such as reading input from sensors, or an
electronic messgae, turning such inputs into outputs by processing and publishing
locally or online.
To perform a specific task, the Arduino programming language and Arduino software
(IDE) are used to write instructions to the microcontroller on the board.
This open source platform is the brain of thousands of projects over the years, and
useful to make things smart ranging from everyday objects to complex scientific
instruments.
Arduino boards are open source and can be easily adapted for a particular Iot
application.
Software supporting Arduino board is also open source.
This software is compatible with different OS such As Mac, Windows and Linux.
Meghana G Raj
Arduino Boards
There are different kinds of Arduino boards:
1) Arduino Uno
2) Arduino Mega
3) Arduino Leonardo

Advantages
1) Low cost
2) Open source
3) Extendible software and hardware
4) Simple and easy to use programming environment
5) Compable with many OS
Meghana G Raj
Arduino Boards Pin Layout
Power Supply: either external source (X1) or by USB connection.( external
power source can be through AC to DC adapter and Arduino board
operated on an external supply of 6 volts to 20 volts)
Vin: It represents the input voltage to the Arduino board when the power is
supplied from the external source. Other way to supply power to Arduino is
through USB. Power supply is given through this pin.
5V: the Arduino micorcontroller on its board is powered to regulated
power supply. This power supply is either given through pin VIN or by the
on-board regulator or supplied using USB.
GND: these are ground pins
3V3: 3.3 V supply is generated by the on-board voltage regulators with
maximum current limit of 50 mA.
Meghana G Raj
Arduino Boards Pin Layout
Memory: 32 KB of flash memory is provided in the ATMega328 microcontroller chip for
storing the code. 0.5 KB is used for bootloader. the board also has 2 KB of SRAM and 1KB of
EEPROM.
Input/Output Pins: 14 digital pins on the arduino Uno boards can be used as an I/O using
different functions such as pinmode(), digitalWrite(), and digitalRead(). All these pins need 5V
power supply. The maximum current provided or received by each pin is 40mA. Some pins that
have specialized functions are explained below:
qSerial: 0(RX) for receiving and 1 (TX) for transmitting
qTTL Series Data: These pins are connected to the corresponding pins of ATmega8U2 USB to
TTL serial chip.
qExternal interrupts: Pin number 2 and 3 can be configured to trigger an interrupt.
qPWN: Pin 3, 5, 6, 9, 10 and 11 provide 8-bit PWM output with analogWrite() function.
qSPI: Pin number 10 (SS), 12 (MISO) and 13 (SCK). These pins are used for serial port interface
SPI communications, which are facilitated by the microcontroller hardware.

Meghana G Raj
Arduino Boards Pin Layout
LED: the inbuilt LED is connected to digital pin 13. When the pin is
HIGH value the LED is on and for LOW value it if off.
I2C: 4 (SDA) and 5 (SCL). Suppose I2C (TWI) communiation using the
wired library.
Reset: to reset the microcontroller.

Arduino UNO board has six analog inputs, each of hich has 10-bit
resolution which means it can take values between 0 to 1023. the value
measured will ground means 0-5 V.

Meghana G Raj
Arduino Board

Meghana G Raj
Raspberry Pie
Raspberry Pi foundation developed first two models of Raspberry PI, after
the first two models of Pi, model B and subsequently several models such as
B+, zero, etc. were released.
Raspbian is the official OS of the foundation.
OS can be installed with NOOBS( New Out of Box software for easy OS
installation manager for Paspberry PI) or by downloading the image
Raspbian.
It supports phyton, scratch, sonic pi, java etc.

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Raspberry Pie- Pin Diagram

Meghana G Raj
Raspberry Pie- Pin
The latest version of Raspberry Pi board:
Raspberry Pi 4 model B+ model is using Broadcom chip BCM2711 and a large
memeory variant up to 16 GB.
This chip architecture also has a quad-core design.
It has more powerful ARM A72 core.
Default OS image is a 32 bit LPAE kernel.
Many other options for OS include: gentoo-on-rpi-64 bit Gentoo.
even the 64 bit beta version OS is released.
Both 32 bit and 64 bit OS images are called as Raspberry PI OS.
This model is 50% faster than Raspberry Pi 3B+ model.
VideoCore runs at 500 Mhz as additional memory unit.
The VideoCore is a 32 bit and has a new Memory unit, which means it can access
more memory than previous version.

Meghana G Raj
BeagleBone
Beagle family offers tiny and affordable open source boards called Beagles
with high performance and low power.
Beagles support Android, Ubuntu and other Linux flavours with flexible
peripheral interfaces and a proven ecosystem of “CAPE”, plug in boards.
BeagleBone Black: is an open hardware with linux OS and boots the OS in
few seconds. its microcontroller chip is with 1Ghz AM 335x ARM Cortex-
A8 processor.

Meghana G Raj
BeagleBone-Features
These boards are open software tiny computers.Beagle supports much
fubnctionality through small software packages just like a mini computer.
These boards are very user friendly for any DIY project or developing any
IoT product.
This board is connected to USB client for power and communication, USB
host, HDMI, Ethernet and 2x46 pin headers.
It has software compatibility Ubuntu, Debian, Cloud 9 IDE on node.js,
Android, and many other software.
Beagle bone black comes with in-built wireless networking capability with
on board 802.11 b/g/n 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi and bluetooth.
Pocket beaglebone black is an ultra thin yet a complete Linux enabled with
calability, open source computer.
It is low cost with slick design and an ideal development board for projects.

Meghana G Raj
pcDuino
pcDuino is a mini PC platform.
It runs an OS such as Ubuntu Linux. Any HDMI enabled TV or monitor
screen can be connected to it as an output device.
The platform can easily run an OS such as a full blown OS for a PC. It can
run Android 4.0 ICS.

Meghana G Raj
Meghana G Raj