GRADE 10 SCIENCE

nd
2 QUARTER, MODULE 8.2 – Week 9
ELECTRIC MOTORS AND GENERATORS

Lesson 1: Simple Electric Motor

EXPECTATIONS
This module focuses on achieving this learning competency
explain the operation of a simple electric motor and generator.
Specifically, you are expected to:
 define simple electric motor;
 determine the parts of simple electric motor and their functions; and
 explain the working principle of simple electric motor.

PRETEST
Directions. Choose the letter of the best answer. Use the answer sheet
provided.
1. What transformation takes place in a motor?
A. Direct current to alternating current
B. Alternating current to direct current
C. Mechanical energy to electrical energy
D. Electrical energy to mechanical energy
2. The commutator in a motor enables the loop to rotate in what
direction?
A. Clockwise C. Counterclockwise
B. Up and down D. Clockwise then counterclockwise
3. Which basic principle enables an electric motor to operate?
A. Iron is a magnetic element.
B. Moving charges produce a magnetic field.
C. Like charges repel, opposite charges attract.
D. A current flowing across a magnetic field can produce
magnetic force.
4. A magnet exerts a force on a current-carrying wire. What is this
effect called?
A. Magnet effect C. Generator effect
B. Motor effect D. Current effect
5. Which of the following is NOT a factor that may speed up a motor?
A. more current C. less turns on the coil
B. stronger magnetic field D. a soft iron core in the coil
 LOOKING BACK
Let’s recall your understanding of concepts of electricity and
magnetism. Choose the correct term from the enclosed choices that
should go into the blank spaces on the concepts below.

When a moving charge or electric current through a wire enters

a region of magnetic field, it experiences a force that is known as (1)
_____________ (electric force/magnetic force). This force depends
on electric current, magnetic field strength, and length of the (2)
_______ (wire/magnet). There is no magnetic force on the wire when
there is no (3) __________ (resistance/current) flowing through a
wire. There is also no magnetic force if a current-carrying wire is (4)
________ (parallel/perpendicular) to the (5) ___________ (magnetic
field/electric field).

SIMPLE ELECTRIC MOTOR

An electric motor is a device South Pole armature North Pole
that transforms electrical energy to
mechanical energy. Electric motors
can be found in appliances at home,
like electric fan, blender, microwave
oven, refrigerator, and others.
To further understand how a brush
commutator
motor works, knowing its major segment
components and their functions might
help.
Component Function
Battery or DC source Supplies electric current
Produces magnetic field where the loop of wire
Permanent magnet
turns at a common axis
Loop of wire where electric current passes
Coil
through
Reverses the current every half revolution so that
Split-ring commutator
the direction of rotation does not change
Armature Inner core where the wires are wound
Brush Connects the wire and commutator
Any current in a magnetic field has forces acting on it. These
forces are also the ones acting on the two side arms of the coil in a
motor.
 Look at the setup of the motor in the figure above. When electric
current through the wire is supplied by a battery of DC source, it passes
to the coil. The current at the left side of the loop flows inward. The
current at the right side of the loop flows outward. The force on the left
side of the loop is upward, and on the right side is downward. This
motion is clockwise.
The forces tend to rotate the loop clockwise until half revolution.
The commutator now will do its work. The split-ring commutator changes
the direction of the current to another. This makes the force directions at
the left and right side to not change. That is why the clockwise rotation of
the loop does not change in all cycles or revolutions.
Electric motors use the motor effect to get and keep them moving.
Motor effect occurs when a magnet exerts a force on current-carrying
wire. A magnetic force is exerted on an electrical current when the
current flows through a magnetic field. There are four factors that may
speed up motor: (1) more current, (2) more turns on the coil, (3) stronger
magnetic field, and (4) a soft iron core in the coil.

ACTIVITY 1. Sample Motor

Observe the sample electric motor model on the figure below and
answer the following questions based on what you have learned from
the concepts above.
Two metal paper clips are taped on each
end of the battery. A coil of copper wire is
placed where each end has contact on the
positive and the negative terminal of the
battery. A neodymium magnet is placed below
the coil.

1. What would happen to the coil if its ends are connected to the positive
and negative terminal of the battery and a magnet is placed below?
2. In what direction would the coil rotate? Clockwise or
counterclockwise?
3. What would happen if you increase the number of magnets in the
setup?
4. When will the coil stop rotating?

REMEMBER
1. An electric motor is a device that transforms electrical energy to
mechanical energy.
2. Electric motors use the motor effect to get and keep them moving.
3. There are four factors that may speed up motor: more current, more
turns on the coil, stronger magnetic field, and a soft iron core in the
coil.
4. Motor rotates in clockwise direction only.
5. Electric motor can be found in blenders, microwave oven, washing
machine, etc.

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

“Figure” it out.
Draw your own model of simple electric motor. Shape your wires
into a rectangle, heart or any figure you like. Then, draw arrows to show
how energy flows through the motor. (Note: Start at the battery.)

POSTTEST
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Use the answer sheet
provided.
1. Which component of an electric motor supplies electric current?
A. Battery C. Brush
B. Coil D. Generator
2. What will happen to the force directions if the split ring commutator
changes the direction of the current to another?
A. Forward
B. No changes
C. Turns clockwise
D. Turns counterclockwise
3. This is where the electric current passes through
A. Permanent magnet C. Brush
B. Armature D. Coil
4. Which statement is true?
A. Until full revolution, the forces tend to rotate the loop clockwise
B. Until half revolution, the forces tend to rotate the loop clockwise
C. Until full revolution, the forces tend to rotate the loop
counterclockwise
D. Until half revolution, the forces tend to rotate the loop counter
clockwise
5. If your DC source supplies a huge amount of electric current to
your motor, what do you think will happen to your motor?
A. Speeds up C. Malfunctions
B. Slows down D. Remains the same
 Lesson 2: Generator

EXPECTATIONS
This module focuses on achieving this learning competency
explain the operation of a simple electric motor and generator.
Specifically, you are expected to:
 explain how electromagnetic induction is applied to electric generator;
 differentiate simple electric motor and generator; and
 determine the importance of electric motor and generator in our lives.

PRETEST
Directions. Choose the letter of the best answer. Use the answer sheet
provided.
1. This device can be used as emergency power supply during power
outages in residential areas.
A. motor C. generator
B. flashlight D. transformer
2. Sean Louis is building his own generator. What factors should he
consider if he wants it to speed up?
A. speed of movement of the magnet or the coil
B. the strength of the magnetic field
C. area of the coil
D. all three factors
3. To induce current, the generator uses ________ and ________.
A. electric field, voltage C. magnetic field, voltage
B. magnetic field, movement D. electric field, movement
4. A _______ converts _______ into ________.
A. motor, electromagnetic induction, electrical energy
B. generator, mechanical, electrical
C. motor, mechanical, electrical
D. generator, AC, DC
5. If the number of turns on the coil is _______, the potential difference
induced is ___________.
A. reduced, reduced C. reduced, increased
B. increased, reduced D. reduced, not changed.

LOOKING BACK
Recall what you’ve learned from the previous lesson. Write your
answers on the answer sheet provided.
1. Give examples of items that have motors.
2. Which of these would require the most powerful motor?
3. Which parts of the motor should be changed to build more powerful
motors?

GENERATOR
A generator is a device used to
transform mechanical energy to electrical
energy. The generator uses magnetic field
and movement to induce current.
Generators work using the generator
effect. Generator effect is used to produce
electricity and it happens when an electric
conductor cuts through magnetic field lines
creating an electric potential difference
across the ends of the conductor. It can also be called electromagnetic
induction which was discovered by Michael Faraday in 1831. There is no
induced current if there is no movement of magnet or coil.
The potential difference or voltage induced may be increased
when the speed of movement of the magnet or the coil is increased, the
strength of the magnetic field is increased, the area of the coil is
increased and the number of turns on the coil is increased.
The construction of generator is much like a motor, but instead of a
split-ring commutator, AC generators have slip-rings and brushes. This
way, the electrical contacts won’t swap every half turn. The current
changes direction every half turn.
By turning the magnet faster, you can get a higher peak voltage
and a higher frequency because the magnetic field is reversing more
frequently. Power generation systems use generators to produce
electricity.
When a commutator is used in generator, the direction of the
induced current is reversed half cycle. Instead of AC, direct voltage and
current are produced. This is called DC generator.

Activity 2. Which is Which?

Directions: Write EM if the statement is about electric motor, EG if it is
for electric generator, or B for both. Use the space before
the number.
1. One of its factors for speeding up is by having more turns on
the coil.
2. The current changes direction every half turn.
3. It creates movement using current in a wire and magnetic field.
 4. It is used by a lot of power stations to induce potential
difference.
5. It is used in fans, washing machine and microwave ovens.

Activity 3. Crossword Puzzle

Directions: Complete the crossword puzzle on the next page. Use the
answer sheet.
Across
3. AC generators have slip-
rings and _________.
5. It is the direction of rotation
of the motor.
6. The ______ rotates in the
same direction because of
the commutator.
7. In motors, any current in a
magnetic field has _______
acting on it.
Down
1. Has north pole and south
pole
2. In generators, if there is no
movement of magnet or
coil, there is no induced
_______.
4. A simple electric motor is a
device that converts
electrical energy to ________ energy.

REMEMBER
1. A generator is a device that transforms mechanical energy to
electrical energy.
2. There are four factors that may speed up generator: speed of
movement of the magnet or the coil, the strength of the magnetic
field, the area of the coil and the number of turns on the coil.
3. Power stations use generators.

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

What are the differences and similarities of simple electric motor
and generator? Use the Venn diagram on the answer sheet provided.
 POSTTEST
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter
on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What transformation takes place in a generator?
A. Direct current to alternating current
B. Alternating current to direct current
C.Mechanical energy to electrical energy
D.Electrical energy to mechanical energy
2. Who discovered electromagnetic induction?
A. Nikola Tesla C. Benjamin Franklin
B. Alexander Graham Bell D. Michael Faraday
3. A generator works based on the concept of ___________.
A. Electromagnetic induction C. Right-hand rule
B. Magnetic domains D. Transformer equation
4. The commutator makes the generator into what?
A. DC generator C. motor
B. AC generator D. none of the above
5. Which of the following is NOT a way of inducing voltage and current?
A. The magnet moves near a fixed conductor.
B. There is an alternating current in another loop of wire.
C. A conductor moves in a fixed magnet.
D. A conductor remains stationary in a fixed magnet.

REFERENCES
DepEd Science Learner’s Material 10