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Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND THE REVIEW RELATED LITERATURES

Introduction

Filipinos are known for having close and strong family

ties. They value family so much that they always put their

families as their priorities. (Gayola, 2019) Ideally, most

families consist of a mother, a father, and children. However,

in this day and age, we have been given different definitions

of what a family is. In today's generation, most families

were raised by single parents or, as the law refers, Solo

Parents.

Being a solo parent has a stigma attached to it. It is

often attributed to women who have to raise their children

single-handedly. Parents who raise their children alone are

always the ones to be blamed by society for being the ones at

fault for raising their children alone. With this, not only

does it affect the parents, but it also affects their children

resulting in poor social interaction with their surroundings.

Most Solo Parents' families in what society refers to as

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"Broken families" are the real stigma that needs for society

to be shattered because their families are not broken. Because

for these parents their family is not broken as long as they

have their children as their anchor and source of strength.

In 2000 the National government of the Philippines

implemented Republic Act 8972, known as the Solo Parents'

Welfare Act of 2000 which is an act that aims to give benefits

to solo parents in the Philippines. It was amended on June 4,

2022, and is known now as the Expanded Solo Parents Welfare

Act. The amendment of the act provides a wide range of

benefits, like increasing the age of the dependent children

from 18 to 22 years of age as long as they are unmarried and

unemployed. And in order for them to fully acquire the given

benefits, they must be able to qualify for the given criteria

and acquire their Solo Parent Identification Card.

As Political Science students and interns of the City

Social Welfare and Development Office under the Special

Sectors and Livelihood Development Division, the researchers

sought to answer the phenomena behind the increasing number

of solo parents in Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija.

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Review Related Literature

This section of the study presents literature review

related to the study that the researchers will conduct, which

will serve as a guide to further explain the researchers’

desired output for this case study.

Solo parent and their well-being

Children raised by solo parents describe their parents

as someone who is strong and courageous for taking care of

them and exerting effort to make their lives comfortable.

While single parent employment had risen to a record high,

single parents remained less likely to be in work than other

parents on the eve of the crisis. Most of those who were in

employment, worked part time, and single parents were far

more likely to be low paid. (Dromey, et. al. 2020)

A study highlighted that the stresses of parenting alone

appear to heighten feelings of stress, uncertainty, and

depression associated with finances. Therefore, it is vital

that health and mental health services recognise this

distress, and understand the impact that financial

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difficulties have upon single parents. It is important to

consider the sources of help available to single parents,

particularly help related to mental health and help focused

on helping long parents cope with financial hardship. A focus

on mental health support for single parents in need may have

an additional impact upon the adjustment and wellbeing of

children growing up in single parent households. (Stack, R.

J., & Meredith, A. 2018).

Studies also show that non-solo parent employee

experiences some work-related stress. It is even intensified

when it comes to solo parent employees given that they are

alone in their life and have no to limited option on who to

vent out such work-related stress. (Tuazon et al.)

These studies prove that solo parents are more prone to

distress and other mental health conditions due to their

struggles raising a family alone.

Effect of solo parenting to children

Parental involvement provides an important

opportunity for schools to enrich current school

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programmes by bringing parents into the educational

process. Increased parental involvement has been shown

to result in increased student success, enhanced parent

and teacher satisfaction, and improved school climate.

To ensure effective parental involvement, schools may

have partnership programmes in place that continuall

develop, implement, evaluate, and improve plans and

practices encouraging family and community involvement.

(Đurišić & Bunijevac , 2017)

With studies conducted to understand the well-being of

the parents. Different studies also identified that being in

a solo parent family may have an effect on the well-being of

children especially on their involvement in their children's

lives.

In current society the belief that single parenting has

negative effects on children is dominant over the belief that

single parenting has no negative effects on children. Even

though many researchers who have compared the effects of

single parenting and dual parenting on children consistently

found correlations between single parenting and negative

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child behaviors, these studies do not account for a very

important third variable; namely traumatizing events (e.g.

divorce, separation early in a child's live). (Schmuck, 2013)

This was supported by another study stating that on the

psychological well-being of the children, no differences were

found between the children in solo mother and two-parent

families for emotional and behavioral problems as assessed by

the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire completed either

by mothers or the children’s teachers. In addition, the

assessment of the presence of psychiatric disorder by a child

psychiatrist showed no difference between family types in the

proportion of children rated as having a psychiatric

disorder. As the child psychiatrist was unaware of the child’s

family type, these findings provide important validation for

the mother’s reports. It is important to note that almost two

thirds (64%) of the children with a slight or marked

psychiatric disorder had a developmental disorder which is

unlikely to be related to family type. When the four children

with a marked psychiatric disorder were removed from the

sample, the findings did not change for any of the parenting

or child adjustment variables. (Golombok et. al. 2016)

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On the contrary another study stated that children who

are nurtured by single parents are usually inattentive or pay

less concentration in schools and may often quit or leave

schools before certain qualification and if they complete

their education then they did not show interest in works or

jobs as a result they left unemployed. That again effects

their emotional and behavioral development. Quality of time

is usually not provided by single parents to their children.

Such as listening child’s concerns, understanding their

emotional and psychological needs and help them in their

assignments, asking them about their studies. Single parents

are unable to perform all these tasks because of their busy

schedules of managing different parenting roles and due to

financial or economic causes or crisis.(Ali & Soomar, 2019)

Another study found that here are relationships between

socioeconomic status of single parents and student learning.

The results also show that there is a relationship between

single parent households and the amount of parental

involvement present. Parent participants with higher annual

income tended to be more involved within the school and at

home. (Watt, 2019)

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Factors of solo parenting

To foreign studies there are parents who have chosen to

raise their children all by themselves. On a study conducted

on 2022, the largest portion of parents fell into the category

of ‘I wanted to be a mother/father’. These parents attributed

pursuing parenthood alone at that point in their life to a

strong desire to become a parent. Time passing, the timing

feeling right, or a sense of time running out, were cited as

the main reason for several mothers and fathers. As the sample

is comprised of parents who started their family later than

average, it is within this context that the parents described

feeling aware of their age, and ready to begin their family,

partially due to concerns that they would not be able to be

a biological parent otherwise. For fathers, but not for

mothers, financial considerations were cited as a key reason;

three fathers described that the main reason for having a

child at the time they did was because they felt they had

built up the economic resources necessary for surrogacy. That

the fathers emphasized monetary preparedness more than the

mothers makes sense within the context of the high cost of

pursuing surrogacy internationally. For one mother, but no

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fathers, friends having children influenced her decision,

illustrating how, for that mother, watching those around her

begin families encouraged her to begin a parenting journey.

A minority of parents cited other reasons for choosing to

become a single parent at the time they did; for example, due

to personal circumstances regarding their wider family

situation, or so that their older child (who was conceived

within a relationship) could have a sibling. Jones, C. et

al.2022)

Comparison of solo fathers and mothers

Being a solo parent is a hard job regardless of the

guardian's gender. However, there are studies that also show

that a certain gender has an impact on parental roles in the

family. As parents, it is part of the social expectation that

they rear their young to be good citizens and to discipline

them when necessary. It is this social expectation that gives

them most of the difficulty because they find it hard to

discipline their child. Too much expectation may result to

expectation disorders such as anxiety, phobias, panic

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disorder and generalized anxiety disorder (Ebora & Calimutan,

2020)

In a study conducted only single mothers were better

able to portray the three aspects of the role of motivator,

facilitator, and mediator than a single father. This is

because of the instinct of a mother even though she has a

huge burden of being responsible in the family. She always

tries to care more about the child. So, a single parent is

more aware of what is needed and desired by the child. Whereas

the single father is less likely to portray the three aspects

because of the characteristic of the father as well as the

burden of work. This caused him less focused on child

development. But when the children need it, the father is

responsible. One of the factors that affect a child's

character is dependent on how the mother nurtures and portrays

her role as a parent. In this case the character of a boy who

is under the care of single mother and single father is better

than that of a girl. This is because boys have more

responsibility for the family, so that good character is

formed.(Mala, R. 2017)
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Single fathers faced many challenges and stresses in

their roles as single parents, including adverse social and

personal struggles when going against traditional masculine

roles and fulfilling a more nurturing motherly role. Despite

all these barriers and challenges, these single fathers were

determined to successfully solely rear their children. The

manner in which these fathers challenged the ideals of

masculinity theory, in particular hegemonic masculinity, are

clearly depicted throughout the findings. Although the number

of single father families may still be small and cannot be

generalised, full-time single fathers families do exist and

if we can recognise the abilities of fathers to take on duties

that are traditionally assigned to mothers, we can break down

rigid gender roles and expectations for the betterment of

these fathers and men in general. (Cable, G. 2017)

When it comes to their mental health and well-being, the

study stated that Solo fathers and mothers accessed the same

types of support, had similar reasons for becoming solo

parents, and showed no differences in their mental health, or

perceived social support. Concerning fathers’ experiences of

social reactions to their family type, the findings showed

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that the fathers simultaneously experienced social approval

and stigma. However, they showed resilience to the negative

reactions of others. (Jones, C.et al. 2022)

Separation

It is given that divorce is still not legal in the

country despite being mentioned. However, divorce and

separation were found to be identical in their impacts to

children and as the reason why solo parents were increasing.

According to (Khan, 2013), inter-parental conflict

resulting in separation or divorce is now becoming a very

common social concern nowadays, and there is a substantial

rise in the number of broken relationship. Separation/divorce

is a legitimate accord by which husband and wife opt not to

dwell together, resulting in the removal of the children from

one of both of the parents, separation frees parents from the

burden of child-rearing.(Akinlabi & Olatunji,2013) Parental

separation impacts approximately fifty percent of current

marriages throughout the United States. Statistics revealed

that forty-three percent of American children are been raised

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without their father, while seventy-five percent of children

with divorce parents live with their mother. (Irvin, 2012)

It is supported by a study that divorce have substantial

impact on the entire family when the lifelong marriage

contract break up between the parents. This issue is of

considerable importance due to escalating divorce rates. In

Pakistan, divorce rates have risen incredible in the last two

decades and more witnessed in lower to middle class families.

Approximately 124, 141 cases were registered in Karachi,

family count from 2008-2011.The breakdown of the parental

relationship can be one of the major factors of psychological

stress among the students. (Cassum, 2018)

Death of spouse

The death of a spouse is one of life’s most distressing

events.(Kim & kim, 2016) In addition, according to (Pena-

Longobardo et al, 2021) Compared to the general population,

widowed individuals experience more adverse psychological and

physical outcomes.Widowed parents face tasks such as

communicating the death to children and managing their

children’s grief alongside their own. (Sheehan et al., 2019)

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due to that they have to adjust their parenting style or a

single person, often taking on roles previously fulfilled by

the other parent (Glazer et al., 2010). The multiple demands

of grief and parenting may limit widowed parents well-being,

as well as their children.(Falk et al., 2021) Social support

can facilitate the transition to single parenthood and

support day-to-day demands following the spousal

death.(Glazer et al., 2010)

Abandonment

According to (Guilleux, 2016) abandonment is generally

understood as the act by which parent renounces, explicitly,

or tacitly, his duties of child protection, maintenance and

education, thus requiring those duties to be assumed by a

third party. An abandoned child can be differential

theoretically from a child at risk, who is taken from his

family by judicial or administrative means.

It is estimated that nearly two million children in the

Philippines are either neglected or abandoned by their

household as a result of social, environmental, and economic

factor. These high number of abandoned children can be

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attributed to violent conflict as a result of the country’s

stance on drugs, mothers forced to find domestic work

overseas, high levels of poverty and teen pregnancy, and

particularly natural disasters.(Diaz, 2021)

Imprisonment

According to an article of Manila Bulletin’s last June,

2022. There is a case in Sitio Mansarong, Barangay Sta.

Margarita, Baggao wherein a 50-year old father who allegedly

raped his daughter was arrested. The police said that the

alleged rape happened last year when the victim, Jane (not

her real name), was 10 years old, and already without her

mother who died also in the same year. Jane was left to the

care of her father following the death of the suspect’s wife

“Naiwan sa pangangalaga ng suspek si ‘Jane’ nang mamayapa ang

kanyang ina,” the police report added. According to the Baggao

Philippine National Police (PNP), the minor had developed

fear after the incident.

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Challenges of solo parents

Single parents are at a higher risk of poor health and

well-being outcomes, as well as being more likely to face

financial hardship, compared to co-parenting families.

(Campbell et al., 2016)

Whether due to death, divorce, or choice, single parents

face unique financial challenges. Budgets are often more

stressed, child care can be a struggle, and saving for the

future might feel impossible at times. The financial

challenges of single parenting can lead to debt and late

payments, and both can damage credit scores. Poor credit, in

turn, makes it challenging to rent or buy a home or secure a

lower-interest loan that would help with getting out of debt.

(Fontinelle, A. 2021)

Aside from financial difficulties solo parents face

struggles on raising their children alone. According to

American Psychological Association. (2019 American

Psychological Association, 2019. Life in a single parent

household—though common—can be quite stressful for the adult

and the children. The single parent may feel overwhelmed by

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the responsibilities of juggling caring for the children,

maintaining a job, and keeping up with the bills and household

chores. And typically, the family’s finances and resources

are drastically reduced following the parents’ breakup.

Single parent families deal with many other pressures and

potential problem areas that other families may not face.

A parent’s separation or absences According In a major

study conducted by Swedish researchers on single parenting,

it was revealed that children from single parent families are

twice as much vulnerable to mental health issues, substance

abuse problem and attempted suicide. An estimated 41% of

children are born outside the marriage with single parents.

According to the latest survey carried out by the U.S. Census

Bureau, approximately 28% of the children in the U.S. are

living in single parent families.(Secure Teen, 2013)

Familiarization to family counseling

According to Family Relationship Online, family

relationship issues can be stressful and emotionally

difficult. Talking things through with a family law

counsellor may help you manage your situation. Family law

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counseling can help you with the emotional impact of

separation. It can also help you communicate better with your

former partner about issues that need to be decided. Family

therapy can help you improve troubled relationships with your

partner, children or other family members. You may address

specific issues such as marital or financial problems,

conflict between parents and children, or the impact of

substance abuse or a mental illness on the entire

family.(Improving Lives Counseling, 2016)

Research Gaps

There are many reasons of parent’s separation that can

leave all the responsibilities in the hand of single parent.

(Ali & Soomar, 2019)In this study the researchers aim to

identify the gaps in the phenomenon of the increasing number

of solo parents.

Research Question

This study aims to determine the phenomenon behind the

numbers of Solo Parents in the City of Cabanatuan. Primarily,

it sought to answer the primary question.

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What are the factors causing the increasing number of

Solo Parents in Cabanatuan City?

Significance of the Study

The information gathered from this study will be

beneficial to the following:

Students. This study will assist students in

understanding the phenomenon of the increasing numbers of

solo parents in Cabanatuan City as well as being able to

understand the situation of solo parents and their children

Solo Parents. This study will give an opportunity to

introduce solo parents' situations to the society. With the

study the researcher hopes to open opportunities for solo

parents as their gates open to the public for possibility to

conduct further study on their situation.

Policy makers. The data gathered in this study will

assist the government in providing a better understanding of

the phenomenon behind the solo parents and its increasing

numbers.
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City Social Welfare and Development Office. This study

will help the office to have an overview of the phenomena

behind the increasing number of Solo Parents in the city.

Future Researchers. This study will benefit future

researchers who will conduct a similar study and may use this

as a reference, guide and literature review.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

Out of 6,048 registered solo parents of Cabanatuan City

19 were selected as a sample in conducting this study. The

scope of this study limits the coverage to the City of

Cabanatuan, therefore, results should not be applied to

similar contexts. Its main purpose is to identify the factors

causing the increasing numbers of solo parents in Cabanatuan

City.

This study considers every aspect of the respondent’s

information names that could identify the respondents’

identity were kept with confidentiality. Each of the

respondents were given the same set of questionnaires

consisting of 4 open-ended questions.

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Chapter 2

METHODOLOGY

This chapter contains the research design, research

local and sampling, data collection procedure, materials and

instruments and data analysis. This chapter presents how the

researchers will gather and data needed in this study.

Research Design

Qualitative research design involves an in-depth

interview that will be conducted through face to face

interaction with the participants to gain detailed

understanding regarding the particular phenomenon. It is

concerned with establishing answers thoroughly through asking

why and how the phenomena occurred. The findings using

qualitative design are gathered and encoded in written format

and that it cannot be analysed using statistical methods. The

researchers used qualitative research design to collect

accurate information as it allows the participants to explain

and expand their thoughts, opinions and experiences in

life. (Bhandari, 2020)

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Research Local and Sampling

This case study was conducted during the first semester

of the school year 2022-2023. The researchers chose purposive

sampling in selecting the participants in this study.

Purposive sampling is also known as judgment, selective or

subjective as the researchers rely on their judgment based on

their knowledge about the study when choosing the members to

be part of the population needed for the data gathering

(Alchemer, 2020). The researchers believe that they can gain

the representative sample by using purposive sampling which

may result in saving time compared to other sampling

techniques. The respondents of this study are the registered

solo parents of Cabanatuan city consisting of 12 female and

7 male with a total number of 19 respondents in Cabanatuan

City. The participants will serve as the sole sources of

information needed for the study.

The criteria used in selecting respondents of this

study:

• At least 18 years of age authorized to grant a

consent
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• Must be a Filipino citizen and resident of

Cabanatuan City

• Married or Unmarried

• Any individual who is a registered solo parent in

Cabanatuan City

Data Collection Procedures

Preparation. The researcher of this study made a

questionnaire evaluating what are the factors causing the

increasing number of Solo Parents in Cabanatuan City.

Additionally, data collection-related signed correspondence

letters were created.

Evaluation. Experts provided feedback and suggestions on

the produced tools and materials used in the study. The

material and instruments were revised in response to these

comments and suggestions.

Administration. The materials were utilized by the

respondents. Interview question

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Materials and Instrument

In this study, the researchers will use an interview as

the primary material needed for the study of the increasing

number of solo parents in Cabanatuan City, so the study can

be conducted more effectively.

The instrument that the researchers will use is the

questionnaires. Consisting of four (4) open-ended questions

translated from English to Filipino Language according to the

preferred language of the respondents. The respondents

consist of 5 women and 5 men registered solo parents who will

serve as the participants in the face to face interview.

Validation

The content of the research instrument has undergone

assessment by expert, dealing directly with the Political

Science research adviser (See Appendix “B”)

Data Analysis

The study will use a thematic review of transcript to

all the responses from the respondents to the open-ended

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questions that will be analyzed by the researchers. The data

that will be gathered shall be encoded. The researchers will

translate their responses from Filipino to English language.

The original response must be encoded first, while the English

translation will be indicated below the original responses of

the respondents. The nine teen (19) respondents were be chosen

through the guidance of the City Social Welfare and

Development Office. The formulated questions shall be asked

in the area of the participants. The researchers must inform

the respondents about the interview and their right to

privacy.

The following process will be observed upon analysing the

data:

1. Familiarization- The researchers will conduct a

thorough overview of all the data upon collection.

2. Coding- The researchers will go through the

transcripts of the interview and highlight

3. Generating Themes- The researchers will look at the

codes and identify the pattern among the

respondents' answers during the interview.

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4. Defining and Naming Themes- In this the researcher

will process the data by determining the result.

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Chapter 3

Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Results

Respondent 1: Solo Parent 1

Identified Information

Solo Parent 1 is 41 years old, female and a mother of 1

at the age of 33 a registered Solo Parent of Cabanatuan City.

Factors of Solo Parenting

Solo Parent 1 has been in a complicated relationship

with her former partner, she states that during the
relationship she and her partner didn’t live in the same
household even on her pregnancy their complicated
relationship with a lot of miscommunication led their
relationship into separation leaving her to raise her child
alone. Due to that she had to endure everything on her own.
In Solo Parent 1’s case miscommunication is the reason why
they separated. Based on Solo Parent 1’s explanation

“Lahat kinaya ko kase diba solo Parent ako lahat

ng maibibigay ko gagawin ko para sa anak ko kasi
mahirap umasa sa ibang tao, kaya lahat ng hanap
buhay ginawa ko para sa anak (ko) para mabuhay.
Hindi kasi talaga kami nakapagsama ng tatay niya
kasi merong hindi pagkakaunawaan, kasi
kumplekado”("I endured everything since I'm a
single parent, and I'll do everything I can give
for my child because it's difficult to rely on
other people. We couldn't get together with his
father because there was a misunderstanding, and
it was complicated")

Challenges of a Solo Parent

Solo Parent 1 identified that since she is raising her

child alone she is struggling in providing the needs of her

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child financially. With this she had to enter different kinds

of jobs and work especially because of the high commodity

prices. She also struggles in raising her child since she is

alone she had no choice but to leave her child to her mother

while she works to provide for their needs. Based on Solo

Parent 1’s explanation

“Syempre diba yung pinansyal, kung saan ka kukuha

sa araw-araw kase wala naman kayo kapera-pera.
Iniiwan (ko) and anak ko sa nanay ko ngayon.”(“Of
course, it's a financial issue is struggle on where
I could provide something to earn money daily, which
is why I have to leave my son my mother's care.”)

Familiarization to Family Counseling

Solo Parent 1 identified that she is familiar with the

family counselling program. However, since she always had

miscommunication with her partner they chose to separate and

not undergo counseling to save the relationship. Since she

quote “Masyadong kumplekado” or it is too complicated for the

both of them to really undergo the program. Based on Solo

Parent 1’s explanation

“Ay hindi na po masyadong ano doon, hindi (ko) pa

nararanasan” (“"There's not much there, I haven't
experienced it yet")
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Interpretation
Solo Parent 1 was separated to her partner, due to

miscommunications leading their relationship into a

complicated set-up since they did not live in the same

household even during her pregnancy. Solo Parent 1 and her

partner are aware of the existence of a family counseling

program and due to the complicated situation in their

relationship and miscommunication they did not undergo any

kind counselling and chose to break the relationship. Solo

Parent 1 stated that the Factor of her being a Solo Parent

was due to their separation caused by complications and

miscommunications. Resulting for her to raise her child alone

and face the struggles by herself.

Respondent 2: Solo Parent 2

Identified Information

Solo Parent 2, is a 56 years old, female and a mother of

1 a registered Solo Parent of Cabanatuan City for 6 years.

She is also an active member and officer of the Solo Parent

Federation in Cabanatuan City.

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Factors of Solo Parenting

Solo Parent 2 identified herself as a solo parent to her

23 year old son. She has been a solo parent due to her spouse's

death in 2016. From then she became the sole provider for the

family and is taking care of her child who is a person with

disability. Solo Parent 2 also states that she is raising her

child alone since she do not see herself remarry just to have

someone help her in life specially with her son’s condition.

For her from her childhood experience remarrying or having a

new partner in life might put her son’s life in jeopardy.

Based on Solo Parent 2’s explanation

“… Katulad ko may special son hindi ko pwede

isapalaran yung buhay ng anak ko sa magiging taong
kapag nag-asawa pa ako. Kase ako mismo na experience
ko kung paano yun. Nabyuda kasi ako nagkasakit siya
bel 6 years na.hindi na ako nangarap maga
asawa…dahil tinuon ko na nga lang yung ano ko sa
anak ko 17 siya noong ma byuda ako alam na niya kaya
nang maospital siya sa gallego eh ayaw na nyang
pumasok mamamatay daw siya dyan e naalala niya
papaniya namatay sa ospitalkaya may phobia na siya.”
(“I have a special child, thus if I get married
again, I can't put my child's life at risk. Because
I can personally attest to how true that is. It has
been six years since I became a widow due to his
illness. I stopped fantasizing about getting
married. He was 17 when I became a widow, so he
knew. Since this, when he was hospitalized in
Galigeo, he said he was going to die because he
remembered his father passed away there, which
caused him to develop a fear.")
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Challenges of a Solo Parent

Solo Parent 2’s husband is the provider in their family

while she stays at home to take care of their son. She

identified that since her husband’s death, one of the primary

challenges she is facing is their Finances. Since her spouse

is the provider for the family it was a huge transition for

her since she had to take care of her children and take the

role of being the provider for the family while handling their

business. Solo Parent 2 Also identified that aside from the

struggle of managing their finances and handling their

business she had to take care of her bed ridden mother and

son who is a person with disability at the same time. Based

on Solo Parent 2’s explanation

“Pinakamahirap? Mag hanap ng pera syempre mag-

isa mo ka lang nagtataguyod katulad ko pinakamahirap
sakin kase mag isa ko lang may bed ridden and may
special child ako, ako lang talaga para sa kanya
kase kapag pinakita mo na hindi ka strong paramo
naring tinanggap na hindi mo kayang itaguyod. Wala
naman naging problema sa spouse ko. Yung husband ko
kasama namin siya. Pinansyal kase and mister ko ang
taga-hanap buhay noon e syempre hanap buhay nalang
ang ginagawa ko kase saan manggaling pinang.
Tutustos ko sakanya e dalawa binibuhay
ko.”(“Hardest? Of course, finding enough money. The
worst part for me is that I'm the only one working.
I have a special child, and I'm alone with my bed
ridden mother. When you show that you're not strong,
it appears that you accept that you can't support
them. No issues existed with my spouse. He was the
one who worked previously, but now I must do it for
them.”)
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Familiarization to Family Counseling

Solo Parent 2, stated that she is familiar with the

counseling program since she is inclined with the work of a

PWD Parent and as a SPED Parent Leader. Solo Parent 2 also

identified that her relationship with her spouse is on a good

term and no problem was encountered during their relationship

reason why she didn’t need to undergo family counselling even

after his death. Based on Solo Parent 2’s explanation

“Inclined na ako sa mga ganyan ano sa PWD naging

anorin ako parents with disability tapos sa sped
naging leader din ako ng mga parents din doon. Hindi
siya naka enroll di nakahabol, hindi ko pina kwan
nung mag face-to-face. Pero hinahantay namin mag
karoon yung sa als kasi iba ang cade niya hindi naman
siya makahabol sa regular class, kumbaga hinahanap
namin kung saan siya….”(“I'm already predisposed to
such things. In PWD, I became a parent of a disabled
child, and in SPED, I became a parent leader. He did
not enroll, he did not catch up, and I did not allow
him to attend face-to-face class. But we're waiting
for Als since his knowledge level is different and
he can't keep up with the regular class, so we're
looking for him...")

“Wala naman naging problema sa spouse ko.” ("I had

no issues with my marriage.")

Interpretation

Solo Parent 2 became a widow in 2016. Despite having a

23 year old son she is still qualified by having a child who

is a person with disability, which is why she is a registered

solo parent of Cabanatuan City with that she is inclined with

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the family counseling program. Aside from being a widow she

stated that her son’s welfare is her priority because she

didn’t look for a new love. Similar to other solo parents she

is struggling with their finances.

Respondent 3: Solo Parent 3

Identified Information

Solo Parent 3 is a 47 years old female, a mother of 3

living with her is her two children and three grandchildren.

Factors of Solo Parenting

Solo Parent 3 worked as a cook attending caterings and

etc. to provide for the family’s expenses because of this she

had to leave her children in the custody of their father who

works as a construction worker at that time. Her struggle

started when she faced the greatest dilemma of her life

wherein she had put her own spouse in jail due by committing

a heinous felony by raping to their own child at a young age.

Which happened while she’s not at home. Due to this she has

been a solo parent for 14 years striving to provide for the

needs of her two children. Her husband’s crime and his

imprisonment resulted to their separation. Based on Solo

Parent 3’s explanation

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“Kasi nag titinda nga ako ng luto-luto sa

kasalan, sa mga binyag nag luto kami sa (…).
Tatlong araw kami naiwan yung mga anak ko ngayon
yung asawa ko nag nag coconstruction siya may mga
kamag anak siya doon sa malapit sa amin. Inaya
siyang uminom ng alak tapos yung alak daw nilagyan
ng shabu ayun natripan siya. Nagalaw niya yung
anak naming panganay. Kaya nakulong yung asawa ko
pinakulong namin. Nakawala na siya ngayon. 12
years old yung panganay ko ngayon 26 na siya 14
years na akong Solo Parent” ("Because I worked as
a cook at weddings, and baptisms I have to cook
at (...). Wherein I left my children for three
days, now my husband worked in construction, he
has relatives who lived near us. He was asked to
drink alcohol and then the alcohol was said to be
laced with drugs and he got tripped. He touched
our eldest child. That's why we put my husband in
jail. He's free now.")
“Namatay yung batang pinagbubuntis niya ngayon
nakapag asawa siya. E nahihirapan siyang makisama
kasi madalas walang trabaho lagi po siyang
inaaway. Kami pong dalaa ang mag ka tulong sa
negosyo yung tatlo na yan (Apo) doon nakatira sa
bahay.” ("The child she was pregnant with died,
current she is married. And it's hard for her to
get along because he often doesn't have a job and
she always got oppressed. The two of us help in
the business, those three (Apo) who live in the
house.")

Challenges of a Solo Parent

Solo Parent 3 indicated that when she became a solo

parent after putting her husband in jail. She struggles

keeping up with the expenses and raising her children. With

the absence of her spouse she became a solo parent, causing

her to sacrifice her old job and work as a vegetable vendor

at the public market. Now she is still a solo parent to her

21 year old son and is now living with her grandchildren and
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her 1st born who is helping her in providing for their

expenses. while her youngest child is still studying in

college. Based on Solo Parent 3’s explanation

“Yung pag papalaki ng anak syempre, pag hahanap

buhay. Nag titinda kasi ako nung una hininto ko
yung pag luluto kasi mahirap yung maliliit yung
mga anak mo nag luluto ka tapos ilalako mo
pa.(Doon) sa palengke nag titinda ako ng gulay.”
("Of course, when raising a child, when looking
for a profit. I used to sell, but I stop cooking
because it's hard. You have little children, you
cook and then sell it. At the market, I sell
vegetables."
“Ngayon may kumausap saming construction na
kmai mag deliver sa kanila ng merienda kaya ayon
nag luluto kami miryenda.” ("We're talking to a
construction worker today who wants us to provide
snacks to them, so we're going to cook snacks.")

Familiarization to Family Counseling

Solo Parent 3 stated that she is aware of the family

counselling program and her spouse is already out of prison

and with that he asked if they could be back together.

However, Solo Parent 3 refused and said they are already doing

well even though they are struggling financially and that she

will just take care of her children and grandchildren. Based

on Solo Parent 3’s explanation

“Nung lumabas siya ng kulungan tinanong niya

kami kung gusto makisama uuwi sa Isabela, sabi ko
ayoko na dito na lang alagaan ko nalang yung mga
apo ko at yung anak ko.” ("When he got out of
jail, he asked if we wanted to go back to Isabela
together; I said no, I will just look after my
grandchildren and children here.")
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Interpretation

Solo Parent 3 had put her own spouse in jail due to

committing a heinous felony for raping to their own child at

the age of 12. Causing her to become a Solo Parent for 14

years. Her oldest child, despite having a family, also became

a solo parent and is now living with her together with her

grandchildren and her youngest child. Since she became a solo

parent when her children were both minors she sacrificed her

own job in cooking and vending foods in order to raise them

while earning money reason why she became a vegetable vendor

at the super market for her to manage the role of being the

provider and a mother to her children. When her husband went

out from prison he persuaded them to live in again but she

refused and chose to stay with children and grandchildren.

Respondent 4: Solo Parent 4

Identified Information

Solo parent 4 is 37 years old, female who has 4 children

with the age of 17, 14, 11 and 6.

Factors of Solo Parenting

Solo parent 4 has been raising her children alone for 11

years since her husband died due to an accident that caused

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her to become a solo parent, few years later she chose to

enter into a relationship wherein she became pregnant to her

4th child. However, the father of her youngest when she was

pregnant had been in a complicated relationship resulting to

their separation the second reason why she became a solo

parent again. Based on Solo Parent 4’s explanation

“Byuda na kase ako naaksidente yung papa nila.

11 years na akong solo parent, bale hindi, itong
isa yung bunso ko iba ng ama, wala na hiwalay din
simula nung mabuntis ako aksidente, buntis palang
ako non hiwalay na.” ("I am a widow because their
father was died in an accident; I've been a single
parent for 11 years, my youngest child had a
different father. We were separated when I became
pregnant by accident. I was already pregnant before
the separation.")

Challenges of a Solo Parent

Solo parent 4 stated that it is hard raising your child

alone, but as a mother she has to man-up and act as the

provider of the family for the sake of your children. As a

mother Solo Parent 4 said she had to do everything since it

is hard to rely on someone. Solo Parent 4 also states that

she is struggling in financially, although she have a small

store for a business it is still not enough since she has 4

children to raise and daily expenses to provide for. With

that she has entered different kind of business or work to

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provide additional income specially that she has a child who

is already in Grade 12 and soon will enter college so she

have to provide more. Based on Solo Parent 4’s explanation

“Sobrang hirap, Parang lahat gagawin mo sa anak

mo ganon. Meron ako maliit na tindahan kahit ano yun
pinapasok kong trabaho. Opo lahat ngayon nag a-aral,
may grade 12.” ("It is very hard, it is as if you
have to do anything for your son; I have a small
shop, I go to work whatever it is, and everyone is
studying now; I have a grade 12.")

Familiarization to Family Counseling

Solo parent 4 stated that she is familiar with family

counseling but with her previous relationship they did not

get along or live together reason why they did not undergo

the process of family counselling for their unborn child.

Solo Parent 4 states that even though she is struggling

financially her relationship with her children are fine. All

of her children are currently studying. Based on Solo Parent

4’s explanation

“Yes. Pero hindi nag-sama kasi kumbaga boyfriend

boyfriend lang. (Sa mga anak ko naman) okay naman
yung relasyon sa mga anak ko.” ("Yes, we're not
together because it is like a boyfriend thing, (as
for my children), the relationship is okay.")

Interpretation

Solo parent 4 became a registered Solo Parent when

her husband died because of an accident 11 years ago, leaving

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her the sole custody of their 3 children. Few years after of

being a widow Solo Parent 4 took a risk and enter into a new

relationship were in she became pregnant to her fourth child.

However, during her pregnancy her relationship to her second

partner became complicated resulting to their separation. In

the challenges that she encountered she stated that it is

hard but she will do everything for her children. She is

familiar with family counseling but in her statement her

former partner and her didn’t live together and did nott

undergo any counseling or program that could fix their

relationship. In Solo Parent 4’s Case she was a solo parent

due to the death of her spouse one factor why she became a

qualified solo parent. When she had a new relationship her

solo parent qualification was revoked. But when they’ve

separated and left her during her pregnancy Solo Parent 4

became qualified again and has 4 children in her custody.

Respondent 5: Solo Parent 5

Identified Information

Solo parent 5 is a 51 years old female, Married, mother

of 4 and a registered solo parent of Cabanatuan City.

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Factors of Solo Parenting

Solo parent 5 stated that she is married, but separated

due to some reasons. According to Solo Parent 5 she worked as

an overseas Filipino worker since she wanted to provide for

the family and for them to have a better life. However, the

distance affected her relationship with her husband. While

she is working overseas, her husband was engaged in making

friends that led him to be involved in drugs. The reason for

the breakdown of their relationship. When she went home her

husband also left and went to Macau and she learned that her

husband already had a family. Based on Solo Parent 5’s

explanation

“Actually married ako kaya lang nagkahiwalay

kami nung time na nag abroad ako nung araw dahil
sa hirap ng buhay. So una Taiwan ako mostly sa
mga OFW pag uwi mo medyo hindi naman maganda
nagkahiwalay kami mag asawa dahil nag abroad ako.
Nung aalis palang kasi ako parang hindi na sya
agree don, kaso wala kaming sariling bahay
nakatira lang kami sa biyenan. So, ang sabi ko
sakanya magkaroon lang kami ng dariling bahay at
konting puhunan hihinto na ako, kaya ang sabi ko
bigyan lang ako ng pagkatataon na 5years na mag
abroad. Dahil hindi sya agree do’n medyo
nabarkada, napasama din sya sa nag dadrugs. 10
years na kaming hiwalay, yung biyenan ko kase
kumbaga nakatira kami pero sila ang sumusuporta
parang hindi nila pinapayagan yung anak nila
magtrabaho, parang sya yung nag su-support ng
lahat sa’min, yung biyenan ko noon ang provider,
sila nag proprovide ng pangangailangan nmain kasi
nag aaral elder ko noon na Malaki na ngayon. Kaya
ako nag abroad dahil gusto ko magkaroon ng
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sariling bahay gusto ko magkaroon kami ng puhunan

para sa negosyo para bumukod na kami pero hindi
siya agree doon. Nung bumalik ako may nabalitaan
ako na nagkaroon na siya ng ibang pamilya. (“I'm
married, but due to the difficulties of life,I
chose to work in abroad and it resulted to
separation. I initially worked to Taiwan, but
mostly to overseas Filipino worker will not be
able to have a good destiny since my former
husband and I parted ways. When I was just
planning he actually did not agree to it, we don't
have a home of our own and only live with our
mother-in-law so I asked him to give me a chance
to work in abroad for five years, I told him, and
then we should merely have our own house and a
small investment. He became a little blocked and
involved with drugs as a result of not agreeing
with them. We've been apart for ten years since
we share a home with my mother-in-law. They
financially support me, they don't let their son
work, and my mother-in-law took care of everything
for us. They used to take care of my needs because
the elder was in school, which is why I worked
abroad. I want to have my own home, and I want to
invest in a business so that we may separate, but
he disagrees. I discovered he had a second family
when I got home.)

Challenges of a Solo Parent

Solo parent 5 stated that she is currently working to

provide for her children. She said that there are some

circumstances wherein she is late to pick up her children

from school since she had to work. She also added that even

though she is not feeling well she is obliged to work

especially she still has 2 children to raise. In addition,

she said that she is concerned on her children’s situation

since she knows that being in a solo parent family has an

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impact on her child’s confidence. Especially when there are

events that requires a full family attendance like family day

wherein she could see longing in her children’s eyes because

families around them were complete. Based on Solo Parent 5’s

explanation

“Opo ngayon sa buhay ko nagtatrabaho tapos

syempre sa mga anak ko. May mga pagkakataon tulad
nga nyan na nalelate ako ng sundo ng anak ko,
tapos solo mo din kahit may nararamdaman ka
obligado mag trabaho. Sa mga bata kase na walang
kasamang father medyo may insecurities dahil may
mga time na nararanasan naming ang foundation
day na ako lang nakak attend so meron silang
insecurities.” ("Yes, now in my life I work for
my children. There are times when I will be late
to pick them up, even though I am not feeling
well I am obliged to work. For children, when
they don't have their father with them, there is
a bit of insecurity since there are times when
we experience the foundation day and I'm the
only one that can attend, so they have
insecurities.")

Familiarization to Family Counseling

Solo parent 5 stated that she is familiar with family

counseling, but they did not get any chance to have one in

order to save their marriage. During that time his husband’s

friends became his companions leading their relationship to

stumble. When she got home she discovered that her husband

already lived with his new family few months after when she

went home from abroad her husband also left and went to Macau
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to work as an overseas Filipino worker. Based on Solo Parent

5’s explanation

“Oo, pero hindi kami nagkaroon ng pagkakataon

na magakroon ng ganon, nung ako naman na yung
umawi sya naman na yung umalis, Siya naman yung
umalis pumunta s yang macao. Nagsasama sila nung
wala ako pero nung dumating ako nagkahiwalay
naman kaya lang umalis na sya at pumunta ng ibang
bansa. Hindi na kami nagsama dahil nagkaroon na
sya doon ng kasama. So ano ma’am yung 16 years
old ko may effect sakanya yun naglolonging
syapuro babae. Hindi namna nahirapan magtaguyod,
syempre ako babae ang babae kasi pwede mag adjust
na nanay at tatay. Nanay ako na soft sakanila
pero may time na lumlitaw pagkatatay ko na ultimo
cellphone meron silang curfew yung mga
disiplinang pang tatay kumbaga. Yung 16 years
old medyo iba nga dahil sa nakikita nya sa
society ang hirap idisiplina. Minsan kapag wala
sa bahay meron din akong palatuntunan na dapat
ganitong oras nandito kana yung mga ganon. Mga
kaibogan ah ano yun ang napag anohan niya ng
lungkot nya mga kibigan na naibubuyo na din sya
sa hindi maganda na ano.” ("Yes, but we didn't
get an opportunity to experience family
counseling; when I returned home, he left. He
moved to Macau. They had been living with his
new girlfriend while I was away, but when I
returned, they had broken up, and he simply left
and traveled to another country; we didn't stay
together any longer because he had a new partner
there. So, ma'am, what does matter is that my
16-year-old is struggling. I didn't have a hard
time supporting her, and of course, I'm a woman I
can adjust to being a mom and a dad. Discipline
is challenging. Curfew is another regulation I
occasionally have when I'm not at home. She was
affected by her friends since she was depressed.
Additionally, her pals are urging her to act
badly.”)

Interpretation

Solo parent 5 is married but separated to her husband.

She went abroad and worked as an overseas Filipino worker but

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when she returned to the Philippines she found out that her

husband had a new family and her husband will move to Macau

and work as an Overseas Filipino Worker. Aside from a third

party being involved in their relationship she found out that

her husband was involved with drugs with the influence of his

friends. Despite their familiarity with Family counseling

they were not able to try counseling because when she went

back her husband also left. The separation between them causes

her to be a father figure to their child. In Solo Parent 5’s

case Separation is the main cause why she became a solo parent

due to peer pressure, substance use and third party.

Respondents 6: Parent 6

Identified Information

Solo Parent 6, is 62 years old male, a registered solo

parent and is a father of three and a grandfather of two.

Factors of Solo Parenting

Solo parent 6 married, a father of three. He stated that

the reason why became a solo parent was due to his first child

being remarried leaving them the custody of his grandchildren

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for them to raise. He stated his son and his wife separated

leaving his son with the custody. But since his son already

had a new family his grandchildren was left for them to take

care of abandoning their roles as a parent. Based on Solo

Parent 6’s explanation

“Meron po akong dalawang apo isang 5 at

isang 3. Yung panganay ko yung 25 years old
nagkahiwalay na sila mag asawa ako na nga
nagpalaki ng mga bata. Hindi sila kasal at
hindi ko rin alam ang kanilang paghihiwalay
umalis kasi yung babae pinigilan naman ng misis
ko pero buo na ang desisyon ng babae. Nagasawa
na silang dalawa yung anak ko na 25 years old
na lalaki umalis na din yon hindi na din
nagpakita pati yung babae may kanya-kanya na
silang pamilya iniwan na samin ang mga bata ng
gano ganon lang” ("I have two grandchildren,
ages 5 and 3; my oldest son, who is 25 years
old, and his wife have separated, so I raised
his children; they are not married, and I don't
even know about their separation; the woman
left; my wife stopped her; the decision was
entirely hers; they both got married; my son,
who is 25 years old, left; he didn't show up
anymore; the woman has her own family; that's
all.”)

Challenges of a Solo Parent

Solo Parent 6 states that they are struggling

financially and in raising their grandchildren. According to

Solo Parent 6 his age is one of the factor why he is struggling

because he had to work to provide for their finances and take

care of them especially that his grandchildren were still

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toddlers ages 3 and 5. He also states his 3 years old

grandchildren is still consuming milk while his 5 year old

grandchildren is already studying reason why they really have

to earn more. Based on Solo Parent 6’s explanation

“Yung mga apo ko nakopo! Ako ay hind nag

alaga ng mga anak ko pero mga apo ko. Bukod sa
pagaaral dahil yung 5 years old ko ay pmapasok
na ngayon yung tatlong taon ay demede pa at nag
va-vitamis pa. Nung iniwan kasi yun ay 8 motnhs
palang kaya puro dede dede ang iniinom at hindi
breast feed” (“"My grandkids! I did not look
after my children, but my grandchildren. Aside
from school expenditures, my 5-year-old is now
attending school, and the three-year-old is
still drinking milk and taking vitamins. When
he left my custody, he was only 8 months old,
so he did not breastfeed.”)

Familiarization to Family Counseling

Solo Parent 6 is familiar with family counselling

However, since things escalated quickly his child and the

mother of his grandchildren did not get the chance to undergo

counseling. Based on Solo Parent 6’s explanation

Interpretation

Solo parent 6 became a registered solo parent in

Cabanatuan City in 2019. When his 25 –year-old son and his

wife separated they left the children in the custody of the

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children to the man’s parents and now they have their own

families. The 62-year-old man works to support his

grandchildren and is currently struggling with their

finances. In Solo Parent 6’s Case he became a solo parent due

to a special circumstances because of the absence of the

parents due to abandonment they have to take the role of

parents since they are the closest next of kin to these

children.

Respondents 7: Solo Parent 7

Identified Information

Solo Parent 7 is a 40-year-old man and a registered solo

parent and is a father of 1.

Factors of Solo Parenting

Solo Parent 7 has a 5-year-old child, He claims that

when his wife left to work as a house helper to provide for

their family. However, Solo Parent 7 discovered that there is

a third party involved in their relationship. His discovery

resulted for them to fight for custody in their barangay to

battle for the child’s custody. Solo Parent 7 also states

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that he is capable of providing for his child reason why the

custody should be his and that the mother had other family to

support. Based on Solo Parent 7’s explanation

“Nung pumasok po sya sa pagiging katulong at

pumunta ako doon para bisitahin sya nagasawa nap
ala sya ng iba kaya po ay naghiwalay kami at nag
baranggayan po dahil ang anak namin ay gusto nya
kunin, alam po ng barangay yun. Hindi niya pwede
sakin kunin ang bata. Marami naman kasi siyang
asawa pang apat niya po ako, puro panganay niya
lima” (“She was with someone else when I went to
see her after she started working as a helper,
so we split up and went to the barangay because
she wanted to take our daughter. The barangay
knew that, but she couldn't take the child away
from me because she has multiple partners I'm
his five.”)

Challenges of a Solo Parent

Solo Parent 7 stated that when it comes to finances they

are doing well and he could provide for his child’s needs

since he is earning 14,400 a month in his 600-700 daily

earning. However, Solo Parent 7 stated that despite being

able to provide financially he is struggling in raising his

child alone since it is really hard to act as a father and

mother at the same time. Based on Solo Parent 7’s explanation

“Ang pinaka mahirap ay ang pagpapalaki ng anak

magisa, sapat naman ang aking kinikita sa
araw-araw. Kumikita ako ng 600-700 pesos sa
isang araw.” ("The most difficult thing is
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raising a child alone, I earn enough every

day. I earn 600-700 pesos a day.”)

Familiarization to Family Counseling

Solo Parent stated that he has no idea about Family

Counseling and that he didn’t undergo any family counselling

since the only process of him and his partner was the custody

battle at the barangay. Based on Solo Parent 7’s explanation

“Hindi Siguro…” ("I do not think so…")

“Nag baranggayan po dahil ang anak namin ay
gusto nya kunin, alam po ng barangay yun”
("We went to the barangay because she wants
to take our child, the barangay knows that")

Interpretation

Solo parent 7 has one child. He became a Solo Parent

when he and his partner separated due to their long distance

relationship and when a third party was involved in their

relationship. Despite the separation Solo Parent is keeping

up financially. However, For Solo Parent 7 he is struggling

in raising his child alone. In Solo Parent 7’s case their

Separation is due to the involvement of third party and long

distance relationship the main reason why he became a Solo

Parent.
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Respondents 8: Solo Parent 8

Identified Information

Solo Parent 8 is a 50-year-old male a registered

solo parent and a father of 2.

Factors of Solo Parenting

Solo Parent 8 stated that he has two children but his

eldest died reason why he is left with his 13-year-old. Solo

Parent 8 raised his child alone due to his separated from his

wife and his wife abandoning their children. According to

Solo Parent 8 it was his child's choice to stay with him

rather than be in their mother’s custody. Based on Solo Parent

8’s explanation

“Dati, dalawa ngayon isa nalang namatay na

ang panganay ko, bale 13 years old, ilang taon
ako ng magkanak siguro 33. Iniwan ng asawa, basta
hindi gusto ng mga anak ko yung mother nila kaya
nasa akin sila ngayon.” ("Before there were two,
now one of my oldest has died. My 13-year-old is
with me, how many years did I have a child, maybe
33? My spouse left me, and my children don't
like their mother, so they are with me now.")
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Challenges of a Solo Parent

Solo Parent 8 stated that the real challenge for him is

the finances. Before his son’s death he had a companion in

handling the business but since his death he had to work all

by himself. Solo Parent 8 also stated that he has a business

but as a solo parent and the pandemic also became a

contributing factor for his to have a hard time on balancing

his business and taking care of his family. He makes sure to

provide his duties as a parent to his child and balance work

along with his parenting. Based on Solo Parent 8’s explanation

“Pinaka mahirap siyepmre yung finances

ah. Kase kailangan ko ngayon isa nalang dahil
nga namatay yung isa. Yun ang pinak amahirap
finances lang talaga. Actually may business
ako pero may time naman ako sakanila ah,
kumabaga kapag oras ng pasok nila tsaka ako
babalik sa business ko” ("Finances are the
most difficult. Actually, I have a business,
but I have time with them, so when it's time
for them to go to school, I'll go back to my
business.")

Familiarization to Family Counseling

Solo Parent 8 stated that he had heard about the

counseling program but at the time of their separation Solo
Parent 8 and his partner had not undergone any counseling
before their separation. Based on Solo Parent 8’s explanation
“Hindi pa ako nakaka try non, pero naririnig
ko lang wala pa ako nasusubukang ganon.” (“I
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haven't tried it yet, but I have only heard

about it and I haven't tried anything like
that before.")

Interpretation

Solo Parent 8 has a 13-year-old child, separated from

his wife. In 2018 he is registered as a solo parent in

Cabanatuan City. As a 50-year-old man, it is difficult for

him to provide for their needs. He has a son who passed away.

This was his former assistant at work, He also did not try

the family counseling because of the lack of knowledge about

the program.

Respondents 9: Solo Parent 9

Identified Information

Solo parent 9 male, single, a registered Solo Parent and

is the eldest among his 5 siblings. He is an active Solo

Parent Federation leader in their barangay.

Factors of Solo Parenting

Solo parent 9 has served as parents to his 5 siblings.

According to Solo Parent 9 with him now are two of his

siblings on his custody. They have no parents because of their

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mother’s death and with his father abandoning him and his

siblings causing him to sacrifice his education and provide

for their family. Based on Solo Parent 9’s explanation

“Opo single, dalawa po yung akin kase po

kapatid ko po yung mga yun. Kase po wala nap o
kaming mga magulang yung po ng magulang ko na
babae namatay napo siya tapos po ilang buwan
palang iniwan po ng makulang naming lalaki so
bilang panganay po ako po yung naging magulang
ng mga kapatid ko. Umalis po samin naka ilang
na palang nag-aswwa na ng iba. Noon pong umalis
yung tatay ko, namatay yung nanay ko 17yrs old
po ako, bata po namatay ang nanay ko” (“Yes,
single, I have two in my custody since they are
my brothers. We don't have parents anymore, my
mother passed away, and then a few months later
my father left us and married someone else. So
as the eldest, I became the parent of my
siblings. I was 17 years old when my mother
passed away.")

Challenges of a Solo Parent

Solo Parent 9 struggles to raise his siblings and provide

for their financials, due to the difficulties of acting as

both father and mother and to provide the parental needs of

his two siblings as he himself lost both of his parent. Due

to that He has to work and put in a lot of effort to sustain

their daily needs by working multiple jobs and sacrifice his

own education just to give the needs of his two siblings. He

has to work and put in a lot of effort to sustain their daily

needs. Based on Solo Parent 9’s explanation

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“Financial and struggle to be a parent. Mahirap

po ma’am at di ko po sukat akalain na ganun pala
yung maging isang magulang kase nung buhay yung
magulang hindi ko ramdam yung kapag humihingi ka
ng pera, humihingi ka ng oera parang wal alang sayo
pero naramdamam ko ganitio pala kahirap yung
pinagdadaanan ng magulang ko. Lahat pinasok ko e,
wala akong sinayang na oras nag sdl ako, nagtitinda
ko, hahakot ako ng case sa mga tindahan inuupahan
nila ako ganon” "The problem of being a parent is
financial, ma'am, and way back I don't think it's
not hard being a parent because when my parents
were living, I didn't feel the hardship, when I
ask for money, it's like nothing, but I realized
how hard it is for parents to go through when I
put everything into, I didn't waste any time, I
went to work, I'm a seller, I'll lug cases to the
stores, they hire me like that."

Interpretation

Solo parent 9 is the oldest of his siblings and the sole

parent. In 2009, when his mother passed away his father left

to go with someone else. He split up from his siblings and

was left with two; as a result, he registered as a Solo Parent

in Cabanatuan City. Even though they had financial

difficulties, he has been providing for his sibling’s needs

for the past 13 years. He has served as both their mother and

father.
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Respondents 10: Solo Parent 10

Identified Information

Solo parent 10 is a 57-year-old male, a registered solo

parent and is grandfather of a 7 year-old and widower.

Factors of Solo Parenting

Solo parent 10 has four children. The youngest is a 21-

year-old, 3rd year in college. When his wife was sick with

diabetes, she developed complications that caused her death.

Aside from being a solo parent to his child, Solo parent 10

is also identified as a solo parent to his grandchildren.

Based on Solo Parent 10’s explanation

“Sa ngayon yung alaga yung bunso ko grade 7

tapos yung apat ko ay 3rd year college nursing 21
years old, grade 7 ay 12 years old. Ang misis ko
ay nagkasakit ng diabetic ay nagkaroon ng
komplikasyon sa kidney tyaka sa puso ang
ikinamatay niya yung puso ang ikinamatay nya sa
puso yung cardiac arrest. 2 years na akong solo
parent. Nagasawa na ng iba hindi kona pinasan bali
anak sa pagkadalaga, iniwan sa akin ang sanggol”
( “My youngest child, who is currently in grade
7, is 12 years old, and my fourth is a third-year
college nursing student, 21 years old. The grade
7 student was given to me as a baby by my daughter
when she had a baby in her teen years. My wife
had diabetes, kidney complications, and a heart
attack; she died of cardiac arrest. I have been a
single parent for two years.”)
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Challenges of a Solo Parent

Solo Parent 10 stated, he struggles financially. Due to

the pandemic, he had a hard time to sell and he even tried to

enter so many businesses he even sells necklaces, bracelets

and even a pizza but he got sick when he was working for 7

months in laguna. This challenges gives Solo Parent 10 had a

hard time on being a Solo Parent. Based on Solo Parent 10’s

explanation

“Etong pandemic hindi ako makapagtinda, kasi kung

saan-saan kami nagtitinda sa palengke, sa
eskwelahan ganon. Nagtitinda kami ng mga
personalize, kwintas bracelet ganon. Nung
nagpandemic na try ako magtrabaho taga gawa ng
pizza pie sa laguna kaso nagkasakit ako ng 7 months
lang ako don.” (“During this pandemic, I can't sell
adequately. We offer customized, necklace
bracelets everywhere in the market and at schools.
When there was a pandemic, I tried to work as a
pizza maker in Laguna, but I got sick for only
seven months there.”)

Familiarization to Family Counseling

Solo Parent 10 stated that his daughter and the husband

did not live together. Based on Solo Parent 10’s explanation

“Hindi nagsama, kasi iniwan nga. Sanggol

palang as akin na totally” (They didn't
live under the same roof; they abandoned
the child when he was a baby)
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Interpretation

Solo Parent 10 became a widower in 2020. Having a 21-

year-old son and 7-year-old grandson he is eligible to be

registered as a solo parent in Cabanatuan City. Despite being

a single parent, he is a responsible grandfather and father

to the children.

Respondents 11: Solo Parent 11

Identified Information

Solo parent 11 is a 39 years old female, a registered

solo parent and is a mother of two. She got married at the

age of 28.

Factors of Solo Parenting

Solo parent 11 has two children. The oldest is 12 years

old while her youngest is 10 years old. She recently became

a solo parent when her spouse died last May. Leaving her alone

in raising her children. Based on Solo Parent 11’s explanation

“Mahirap ma-alaga ng anak ng nag-iisa, namatay kase

ang asawa ko noong may, nitong may lang namatay
siya kaya mag-isa nalang akong nag a-alaga sa mga
anak ko.”(It’s hard to raise your children alone,
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my husband died last May. Due to his death last

May I was left to raise our children alone”)

Challenges of a Solo Parent

Solo Parent 11 stated, she struggles financially. She

stated that since she doesn’t have any permanent job to fully

provide for her family since her husband’s death is suddenly

leaving her no choice but to leave her children to her in-

laws whenever she has an opportunity to work. Based on Solo

Parent 11’s explanation

“Pagkaano kumbaga sa pinansyal kasi wala naman

akong permanenteng trabaho. Kapag may trabaho sa
biyenan naiiwan mga bata.” (“I am struggling
financially because I don’t have any stable job
and whenever there is an opportunity for me to work
I will leave my children to my in-laws while I
work.”)

Familiarization to Family Counseling

Solo Parent 11 stated that she is not familiar with

family counseling. Based on Solo Parent 11’s explanation

“Hindi ako pamilyar” (“I am not familiar”)

Interpretation

Solo Parent 11 became a widow last May. Leaving her to

raise their children alone for the past months. Similar to

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other solo parents she is struggling financially and in

raising her children. Having two minor children she is

eligible to be registered as a solo parent in Cabanatuan City.

Despite being a single parent, she is a responsible mother to

the children.

Respondents 12: Solo Parent 12

Identified Information

Solo parent 12 is a 34 years old female, a registered

solo parent and is a mother of one. She got married at the

age 31.

Factors of Solo Parenting

Solo parent 12 has a child who 1 year and 3 months old.

She recently became a solo parent. Leaving her alone in

raising her children. In her case she became a solo parent

due to her spouse’s death with reason being not disclosed.

Based on Solo Parent 12’s explanation

“Mahirap siyempre(mula noong) namatay yung asawa ko.

Nakapag asawa ako noong 2019.”(“It’s hard especially
when my husband died. We were married last 2019”)
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Challenges of a Solo Parent

Solo Parent 12 stated, she struggles financially and in

raising her child. She stated that being a solo parent is a

taught job especially when their child is sick and the

responsibility is for them alone to be carried due to that

she had to work multiple job and leave her child to her mother

and sister-in-law’s custody whenever she had to work. Based

on Solo Parent 12’s explanation

“Mahirap syempre lalo na sa pag-aalaga ng mag

isa lalo na kapag nag kakasakit yung bata
hindi maiiwasan yoon tapos mag isa ko lang
(na nag aalaga) mahirap kasi yung walang
katuwang, naiiwan yung anak ko sometimes sa
mother ko, sometimes naan sa sister-in-law ko
kapag aalis ako o kapag pupuntaa ng tindahan.
May tindahan kasi ako, nag o-online business
at nag bibigas ako. Kapag need ko mag deliver
naiiwan yung anak ko sa mother okaya sa
sister-in-law ko.”(“I am struggling
financially and in raising my child alone
especially when my child is sick and I have
to take care of everything by myself and we
cannot avoid that. It is hard not to have
someone by your side when raising your child.
Whener I haveto work I will leave my child to
my mother or sometimes to my sister-in-law”)
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Familiarization to Family Counseling

Solo Parent 12 stated that she is not familiar with

family counseling. Based on Solo Parent 12’s explanation

“Hindi ako pamilyar” (“I am not familiar”)

Interpretation

Solo Parent 12 became a widow, leaving her to raise their

child alone. Similar to other solo parents she is struggling

financially and in raising her children. Having a child to

raise on your own is her struggle especially when they aren’t

healthy and needs medical attention. Despite being a single

parent, she is a responsible mother to the child.

Respondents 13: Solo Parent 13

Identified Information

Solo parent 13 is a 28 years old male, a registered solo

parent and is a father of one. He became a father at the age

of 19.
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Factors of Solo Parenting

Solo parent 13 has a child who is 5 years old. He became

a solo parent due to separation for a long time as Solo Parent

13 describes it. However, the reason was not disclosed. In

his case she became a solo parent due to separation. Based on

Solo Parent 13’s explanation

“Hiwalay nap o kami ng asawa ko matagal na”

(“My wife and I separated a long time ago”)

Challenges of a Solo Parent

Solo Parent 13 stated, he struggles in raising his child.

He stated that having yourself as your only support is

difficult especially if you have a child and if he gets an

opportunity to work he has no choice but to leave his child

to his mother. Based on Solo Parent 13’s explanation

“Okay; ang po, medyo nahihirapan at nag iisa lang, kapag

nag iisa walang inaasahan. Sa nanay ko po iniiwan ang
anak ko pag may trabaho.” (“I am doing fine, but I am
struggling being alone and have no one to rely on.
Whenever I have work I often leave my child to my
mother”)
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Familiarization to Family Counseling

Solo Parent 12 stated that she is not familiar with

family counseling. Based on Solo Parent 12’s explanation

“Hindi po, hindi ko pa nasususbukan ang family

counseling.” (“I am not familiar and I haven’t tried
attending a family counseling”)

Interpretation

Solo Parent 13 became a solo parent due to separation, leaving

him to raise his child alone. Similar to other solo parents

he is struggling financially and in raising his children

especially he has no one to rely on. His unfamiliarity to

family counselling was a reason why he didn’t try to save

their marriage. In his case separation is the reason for him

being a solo parent. Despite being a single parent, she is a

responsible mother to the child.

Respondents 14: Solo Parent 14

Identified Information

Solo parent 14 is a 62 years old male, a registered solo

parent and is a father of 3 ages 23, 21 and 15. He became a

father at the age of 27.

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Factors of Solo Parenting

Solo parent 14 has 3 children. He became a solo parent

when his wife died due to a health condition. The sudden death

of his wife resulted in leaving the duty of being a mother

and father to their children. He also stated that only one of

his 3 children were still studying. In his case he became a

solo parent due to the death of his spouse. Based on Solo

Parent 14’s explanation

“Namatay po si misis dahil sa presyon kaya ako na ang

nag-aalaga sa aking mga anak, ako narin po ang
tumutugon sa kanilang pag-aaral at sa pang araw-araw.
Sa bahay sila naiiwan kapag ako ay nag tra-trabaho.
Isa nalang ang nag a-aral.” (“My wife died due to high
blood, reason why I am the only one who is raising our
children, I am also the one responsible in providing
for their education and our daily needs.My children
were left at home whenever I have to work, among the
my 3 children one of them is the only on studying”)

Challenges of a Solo Parent

Solo Parent 14 stated, that as a solo parent he is

struggling financially. His wife’s death was a huge struggle

for him and his family since he had to raise 3 children on

his own. Based on Solo Parent 14’s explanation

“Ang pinaka mahirap bilang isang solo parent para sa

akin ay ang pianasyal. (“The most challenging part as
a solo parent for me is handling the finances.”)
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Familiarization to Family Counseling

Solo Parent 14 stated that he is familiar with family

counselling but since the reason for him becoming a solo

parent was his spouse’s death they didn’t undergo any

counseling. Based on Solo Parent 14’s explanation

“Opo, pamilyar ako sa family counseling.” (“Yes, I

am familiar.”)

Interpretation

Solo Parent 14 became a solo parent due to his spouse’s

death, leaving him to raise his children alone. Similar to

other solo parents he is struggling financially since he had

to provide for their education and their daily needs. In his

case despite the familiarity to family counselling he didn’t

undergo any procedure since the reason why he became as a

solo parent was due to his wife death.

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Respondents 15: Solo Parent 15

Identified Information

Solo parent 15 is a 51 years old female, a registered

solo parent and is a mother of 5. She became a mother at the

age of 21.

Factors of Solo Parenting

Solo parent 15 has 5 children. Three among her 5 children

are already settled in life leaving 2 children for her to

take care of. She stated that she became a solo parent when

she and her husband separated. By the time her husband

abandoned her and their children she already had given birth

to their youngest whom is 15 years old now. In her case

separation is the main reason she became a solo parent but 8

to 9 years after their separation she permanently became a

solo parent when her husband died. Based on Solo Parent 15’s

explanation

“Before kasi bago kami mag hiwalay, ay bago ako ma byuda

(pala) nag hiwalay na kami, nandito na yung anak ko non
na bunso lima na yung anak naming non. Tapos, after 8
or 9 years naman ay namatay siya.(“before we separated,
I mean before I became a widow my husband and I are
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already separated we already had 5 children that time.

8 to 9 years after my husband died”

Challenges of a Solo Parent

Solo Parent 15 stated, that as a solo parent he is

struggling financially and in raising her children. She

stated that it is hard to provide finances and balancing her

time to all of her children especially they are still

studying. But she still manage to fulfil her duties by

preparing her children’s need before going to work and had to

go home early though she highlight that by that time she

doesn’t have kids whom need a full day attention. Based on

Solo Parent 15’s explanation

“Pag pa-paaral, pinaka mahirap na parte talaga yung pag

pa-pa aral ng anak at pinansal ang pinaka mabigat na
pinag dada-anan ng isang solo parent. Sa bahay lang
(sila naiiwan) sila sila lang (ang mag kakasama). Bago
ako pumasok sa trabaho pine prepare ko muna yung mga
pag kai nila pati sa tanghali at pad dating ng hapon
kailangan nasa bahay na ako. Kapag tanghali sila na ang
naiiwan at wala naman na akong anak na masyadong minor.”
(“As a solo parent, providing the educational needs of
my children such as tuition and daily expenses which is
our financial needs is really a challenge to every solo
parent. My children are left at home I make sure to
prepare their needs before going to work and eventhough
I have no children whom are little I always make sure
to go home early.)
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Familiarization to Family Counseling

Solo Parent 15 stated that she is familiar with family

counselling but she have no experience about it. She

highlighted that it is not needed since they already have

home. Based on Solo Parent 15’s explanation

“Naririning ko, pero hindi ko siya na try. May sarili

naman kasi kaming bahay at may naiiwan naman kasi sa

bahay.” (I have heard about it, but I haven’t tried

it. We have our own home and they have someone to look

for them”)

Interpretation

Solo Parent 15 became a solo parent when she and her

husband separated leaving her all of their 5 children and now

3 of them are already settled in life while 2 of them are in

her custody. As a solo parent she is struggling financially

especially her kids are still studying. Years after their

separation her husband died and the reason why was not

disclosed. In her case the main factor is her being a solo

parent was her husband’s death.

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Respondents 16: Solo Parent 16

Identified Information

Solo parent 16 is a 31 years old female, a registered

solo parent and is a mother of 1.

Factors of Solo Parenting

Solo parent 16 has 1 children. According to her reason

to become a solo parent was due to a complicated reason. She

has been a solo parent for 7 years she and her husband

separated when their child was 3 years old the reason behind

their separation was not disclosed since for solo parent 16

the reason was a bit sensitive foe her to talk about. Based

on Solo Parent 16’s explanation

“Nag hiwalay po kami ma’am. Ano po yung problema ko,

maano po yungkalagayan ko,medyo sensitibo yung reason.
Ano po mayroon na pong 7 years akong solo parent, bali
3 years old lang po yung anak ko nung ako ay nagging
solo parent. Nag hahanap buhay po ako nag lalako ako ng
mga gulay, ang nag a-alaga po sa anak ko ay yung kapatid
ko. Kapag nag titinda po ako ay iniiwan ko sa kaniya.”
(“We separated, the reason to our separation was too
sensitive to be talk about. I have been a solo parent
for 7 years my son was already 3 years old by that time.
I work as a vegetable vendor and my child is in the care
of my sibling.”)
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Challenges of a Solo Parent

Solo Parent 16 stated, that as a solo parent she is

struggling in raising her child alone. For her it is hard

raising your child all by yourself and it would be better if

you have someone as a companion and having a father figure in

the house. Having a so is hard since she could see that her

child is longing for a father’s care. Based on Solo Parent

16’s explanation

“Mahirap din po na walang kasama sa buhay na mag a-

aruga po. Maganda din po na may asawa na makakasama po.
Nahihirapan naman po ma’am maganda po na may kasamang
lalaki (sa bahay) yung anak kop o kasi ay lalaki parang
hinahanap din po ng anak ko.”(“It is hard not to a
companion in raising your child.It would be better if
you have someone by your side and it’s better to have
a man of the house because my child is somehow longing
for a father figure.”

Familiarization to Family Counseling

Solo Parent 16 stated that she is familiar with family

counselling but she have no experience about it. She said

that despite the familiarity with the existence of

counselling it was a mutual decision for them to separate

ways since the reason is a bit complicated that up until now

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it is hard for her to disclose. Based on Solo Parent 16’s

explanation

“Opo, pamilyar. Hindi na kami nakapag counselling kasi

bali parang choice na talaga naming mag hiwalay.”
(“Yes, I am familiar at family counselling. But in
some way it is a mutual decision for us to separate.)

Interpretation

Solo Parent 16 became a solo parent due to separation.

In her case she is struggling in raising her child alone since

she knew at some point her child is longing for a father

figure. Despite familiarity with family counselling she

stated that it was a mutual decision to separate rather than

to undergo family counselling.

Respondents 17: Solo Parent 17

Identified Information

Solo parent 17 is a 54 years old female, a registered

solo parent and is a mother of 1.

Factors of Solo Parenting

Solo parent 17 stated that she is mother of 18 year old

child. She became a solo parent when her husband died last
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year on December with sadness she even narrate that it

actually hurt knowing that he didn’t even reach his birthday.

Since then she became a solo parent. Based on Solo Parent

17’s explanation

“Namatay po ang aking asawa nung December 1, last

year po. Hindi panga umabot sa birthday nya dahil ang
birthday nya ay dec 22, kaya ako nalang ang
nagtataguyod ng aming anak.” (“My husband died
December 1, last year. Sadly, he didn’t even get the
chance to celebrate his birthday.Because, his birthday
is December 22 that is why I am left raising my child
alone.”)

Challenges of a Solo Parent

Solo Parent 17 stated that she is struggling financially

she somehow became emotional answering the question. She

narrated that when her husband is still alive they both share

their profit to pay their expenses by earning 8 thousand pesos

a month. But now she had to earn everything by herself

considering that she also had to provide for her child and

their monthly expenses and daily needs. Based on Solo Parent

17’s explanation

“Napahirap ng pagiging solo parent, baka maiyak pa ako…

Kase diba dati may katuwang ako kahit papaano sa isang
buwan kumikita kami ng allowance nya na8 thousand ngayon
bitbit ko lahat, trabaho ko lahat. Madaling araw nasa
sangitan kana nakikipag sapalaran ka tapos pagdating mo
sa bahay lahat gagawin mo iisipin mo kung paano ka
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kikita kung paano gagawin mo kung paanobabayaran ang

tubig, ilaw lahat- bahay” (“It’s hard being a solo
parent,I may be emotional because before I have someone
who could help mr and somehow we earn 8 thousand monthly
but now I have to carry all the burden by myself, I
have to wake up early and go to sangitan public market
then when you go home you still think of how will you
earn money and how will you provide payment for your
bills and everything.”)

Familiarization to Family Counseling

Solo Parent 17 stated that she is familiar with family

counselling. However, since she became a solo parent due to

her husband’s death she had no experience on the program. She

also said that they have kept their promise “Till death do us

part” proving that they have a good relationship. Based on

Solo Parent 17’s explanation

“Oo, Kasal kami nung asawa ko dalawang beses- kinasal

kami sa city hall tapos kinasal kami sa couples. Hindi
kami naghiwalay, papanindigan naming ang till death do
us part” (“Yes, we are married. Actually we were
married twice both in the city hall and in couples. We
didn’t separate but we’ve kept our vows together which
is till death do us part.”)

Interpretation

Solo Parent 17 is qualified as a solo parent due to her

spouse’s death last year. Similar to every solo parent she is

also experiencing financial difficulties as the sudden death

resulting for her to carry all the responsibilities. She also

states that their relationship as husband and wife is in a

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good condition and the death is the only reason why she is

raising her child alone. As she state “till death do us part”

means that couples who experience loss of their better half

is indeed difficult.

Respondents 18: Solo Parent 18

Identified Information

Solo parent 18 is a 38 years old female, a registered

solo parent and is a mother of 3.

Factors of Solo Parenting

Solo parent 18 stated that she is mother of 3 children.

She became a solo parent when she and her husband separated

due to third party. Since then she is raising her 3 children

alone. Based on Solo Parent 18’s explanation

“Hiwalay po, may kinakasama nap o siyang iba

ngayon” (“We are separated, he has a new family
now”)

Challenges of a Solo Parent

Solo Parent 18 stated that she is struggling financially

reason why she applied to the DOLE-TUPAD program to have an

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additional income for their daily needs especially that her

children are still studying since her income as a vendor is

not that big to pay all their expenses. Based on Solo Parent

18’s explanation

“Financial, wala akong trabaho kaya nag apply na

ako sa DOLE-TUPAD. Mahirap mag pa-aral ng anak
magisa, baon pa nyan siympre. Sa pang araw-araw
din minsan di ko alam saan kami kukuha pero
nagtitinda naman ako. Hindi naman po ganon
kalaki, kulang talaga pero okay na pandagdag sa
pagkain at sa mga gastusin.” (“I am struggling
financially, I have no job that is why I applied
at the DOLE-TUPAD program because it is hard to
provide for your child’s educational needs
alone. And daily I have to think where I will
get the money to provide for our needs despite
being a vendor though I am not earning a huge
amount of money it is still enough to somehow
add in our budget for food and other expenses”)

Familiarization to Family Counseling

Solo Parent 18 stated that she is not familiar with

family counselling and also stated that due to unfamiliarity

they were not able to undergo the program before their

separation. Based on Solo Parent 18’s explanation

“Hindi po, wala po akong experience sa

ganyan” (“No. I don’t have any experience on
family counselling”)
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Interpretation

Solo Parent 18 was separated to her spouse and similar

to every solo parent she is also experiencing financial

difficulties as she had to carry the responsibilities of

raising her 3 children alone. She is also not familiar with

family counseling in her case separation due to the

involvement of a third party is the reason why she became a

solo parent.

Respondents 19: Solo Parent 19

Identified Information

Solo parent 19 is a 28 years old female, a registered

solo parent and is a mother of 1.

Factors of Solo Parenting

Solo parent 19 stated that she is mother of 1. She became

a solo parent when she and her husband separated due to third

party. Abandoning his responsibilities and leaving her the

responsibility of raising their child alone for the past

years. Based on Solo Parent 19’s explanation

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“Simula nung 2017 po, inabando napo kami ng aking

asawa hindi po legal pero hiwalay po ako sa aking
asawa kasal kami pero iniwan nya kami para sa
ibang babae” (“Since 2017 I have become a solo
parent due to our separation but we are not
legally separated since we are married and he left
us for another woman”)

Challenges of a Solo Parent

Solo Parent 19 stated that she is struggling financially

and that she cannot carry everything since her child is

studying. She works as a vendor to somehow provide for their

exepenses. Based on Solo Parent 18’s explanation

“Hindi ko kaya yung gastos e, yung baon. Ang

hirap kaya kapag saakin lahat ng gastos.
Nagtitinda ako para may pang bigay ako kapag
papasok sa eskwelahan at sa gastos araw-araw
sumasapat naman” (“I can't afford all the
expenses, my child’s the pocket money to school.
It's so hard when all the expenses are on me. I
work as a vendor so that I have something to
give when my child have to go to school and
somehow provide for our daily expenses, and my
sales are enough")

Familiarization to Family Counseling

Solo Parent 19 stated that she is not familiar with

family counselling and also stated that due to unfamiliarity

they were not able to undergo the program before their

separation. Based on Solo Parent 19’s explanation

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“Hindi po, hidni ko pa din iyan nasusubukan” (“No. I

don’t have any experience on family counselling”)

Interpretation

Solo Parent 19 was separated to her spouse and similar

to every solo parent she is also experiencing financial

difficulties as she had to carry the responsibilities of

raising her child alone. She is also not familiar with family

counseling in her case separation due to the involvement of

a third party is the reason why she became a solo parent.

Table 1. Summary Table of Demographic Profile of the

Respondent, Reason of Raising their child alone, Challenges

faced as a solo parent, and Solo parent on counseling program.

Code Identified Factors of Challenges of Familiarizati

name of information Solo a Solo Parent on to Family

#
Solo Parenting Counseling

Parents
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1 Solo A (1) (1)Financial Yes, Solo

Parent 1 registered Separation Parent 1 is

(2) Raising
Solo with her familiar with
child alone
Parent, partner due family

female, 41 to counseling

years old complicated but due to

and a situation circumstances

mother of 1 they didn’t

undergo any

counseling

program.

2 Solo A (1) Death of (1) Financial Yes, Solo

Parent 2 registered Spouse and Parent 2 is

Solo raising her familiar with

Parent, Person with family

female, 56 Disability counseling.

years old, child She is in a

a widow and good

a mother of relationship

1 with her

spouse before

death.
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3 Solo A (1) (1) Financial Yes, Solo

Parent 3 registered Imprisonmen Parent 3 is

Solo t of Spouse familiar with

Parent, resulting counseling

female, 47 their but due to

years old, separation circumstances

a mother of she chose to

3 and a live with her

grandmother children and

of 3. grandchildren

4 Solo A (1) Death of (1) Financial Yes, Solo

Parent 4 registered Spouse parent 4 is

Solo familiar with

(2)
Parent, counseling
Separation
female, 37 but since they
with Partner
years old didn’t live

with each

other Solo

Parent 4 and

her partner

didn’t
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undergo

counseling.

5 Solo A (1)Separati (1)Financial Yes, Solo

Parent 5 registered on with parent 5 is

(2) Raising
Solo Husband familiar with
her children
Parent, counseling

female, 51 but since she

years old worked

and a overseas and

mother of 4 her husband

had a new

family Solo

Parent 5 and

her husband

didn’t

undergo

counseling.
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(1)Abandonm (1)Financial Yes, But

6 Solo A
ent of (2)Raising since things
Parent 6 registered
parents to grandchildren escalated
Solo
his quickly his
Parent,
grandchildr son and his
male, 62
en leaving partner (the
years old,
him the mother of the
a father of
custody of children)
3
his didn’t

grandchildr undergo any

en. counseling.

(1)Separati (1) Raising No, Solo

7 Solo A
on his child Parent 7 is
Parent 7 registered
alone not familiar
Solo
with
Parent,
counseling.
male, 40

years old,

a father of

(1)Separati (1)Finances Yes, Solo

8 Solo A
on Parent 8 have
Parent 8 registered
heard about
Solo
counseling
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Parent, but have not

male, 50 tried it

years old, before

a father of separation.

(1)Abandonm (1)Finances (1)No, Solo

9 Solo A
ent of (2)Adapting to Parent 9
Parent 9 registered
Parent the role of Stated that
Solo
(Father) Mother and they were
Parent,
(2)Death of Father to his just
Single,
Parent siblings abandoned by
male, 30
(Mother) their father.
years old,

Eldest

among his 5

siblings

(1)Death of (1)Finances Yes, Solo

10 Solo A
Spouse Parent 10 is
Parent registered
familiar to
10 Solo
Family
Parent,
Counseling.
male, 57

years old,
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a father of

Solo A (1)Death of (1)Financial No, Solo

11
Parent registered Spouse Parent 11 is
(2) Raising
11 Solo not familiar
her children
Parent, with family

female, 39 counseling .

years old

and a

mother of 2

Solo A (1) Death (1) Raising No, Solo

12
Parent registered of Spouse her child Parent 12 is

12 Solo not familiar

Parent, with family

female, 34 counseling.

years old,

a widow and

a mother of

1
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13 Solo A (1) (1) Raising No, Solo

Parent registered Separation his child Parent 13 is

13 Solo with his not familiar

Parent, partner with family

male, 28 counseling.

years old

and a

father of 1

14 Solo A (1) Death of (1) Financial Yes, Solo

Parent registered Spouse Parent 14 is

14 Solo familiar with

Parent, family

male, 62 counseling.

years old,

a widow and

a father of

15 Solo A (1) Death of (1) Financial Yes, Solo

Parent registered Spouse Parent 15 is

15 Solo familiar due

Parent, to

female, 51 circumstances
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years old, they have no

a mother of experience to

5 and a counseling

guardian to

her 2 minor

children.

16 Solo A (1) (1)Financial Yes, Solo

Parent registered Separation Parent 16 is

(2) Raising
16 Solo with her familiar with
her children
Parent, partner due family

female, 31 to counseling

years old complicated but due to

and a situation circumstances

mother of 1 they didn’t

undergo any

counseling

program and

the

separation is

by their

choice
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17 Solo A (1) Death of (1) Financial Yes, Solo

Parent registered Spouse Parent 17 is

(2)Raising her
17 Solo familiar with
children
Parent, family

female, 54 counseling.

years old, She is in a

a widow and good

a mother of relationship

1 with her

spouse before

death.

18 Solo A (1)Separati (1) Financial No, Solo

Parent registered on Parent 18 is

18 Solo not familiar

Parent, with family

female, 47 counseling.

years old,

a mother of

38
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19 Solo A (1) (1)Financial No, Solo

Parent registered Separation Parent 18 is

19 Solo with her not familiar

Parent, partner due with family

female, 28 to counseling.

years old involvement

and a of 3rd party.

mother of 1

Registered Solo Parents in Cabanatuan City

There were a total of 6,048 registered solo parents in

Cabanatuan City as of August 2022 according to the Solo Parent

Database of the Cabanatuan City Social Welfare and

Development Office. (See Appendix “D”)

Gender

There were 5,316 females and 732 male who were registered

as Solo Parents in the Cabanatuan City Social Welfare and

Development Office. (See Appenxix “D”) researcher have

interviewed 12 Female and 7 Male solo parents as respondents.

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Age

Majority of the solo parents interviewed were both at

30s (31.6%) and 50s (31.6%) while there were also solo parent

whom are at their 40s (15.8%) Moreover, there were also there

were also solo parents at 20s (10.5%) and 60s (10.5%).

Number of Children

Among the 19 solo parent respondents, 11 (57.9%) of them

have 1 child under their care, 6 (31.6%) of them have 2

children in their care, 1 (5.3%) of them have 3 children and

1(5.3%) of them have 4 children. While some of them other

children the total number presented were minors or children

that allowed them to qualify as solo parents. Most of them

have lost their child due to them while the others have

children whom are already settled or have family of their

own.

Factors of Solo Parenting

Among the 19 solo parent respondents, 9 (47.4%) of them

experienced separation with their partners, 7(36.8%) of them

encountered death of spouses, 2(10.5%) of them became a solo

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parent due to abandonment, and 1(5.3%) of them is due to

imprisonment.

Separation

In the case of solo parents 1, 4, 5, 7,8,13,15,16,18 and

19 they stated that separation with their partners lead them

on becoming a solo parent. Some of them experienced long

distance relationship due to the demand of chosen job, some

are relationship conflicts inside their home and last due to

the fact that their former partners have their new family.

It is given that divorce is still not legal in the

country despite being mentioned. However, divorce and

separation were found to be identical in their impacts to

children and as the reason why solo parents were increasing.

According to (Khan, 2013), inter-parental conflict

resulting in separation or divorce is now becoming a very

common social concern nowadays, and there is a substantial

rise in the number of broken relationship. Separation/divorce

is a legitimate accord by which husband and wife opt not to

dwell together, resulting in the removal of the children from

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one of both of the parents, separation frees parents from the

burden of child-rearing.(Akinlabi & Olatunji,2013) Parental

separation impacts approximately fifty percent of current

marriages throughout the United States. Statistics revealed

that forty-three percent of American children are been raised

without their father, while seventy-five percent of children

with divorce parents live with their mother. (Irvin, 2012)

It is supported by a study that divorce have substantial

impact on the entire family when the lifelong marriage

contract break up between the parents. This issue is of

considerable importance due to escalating divorce rates. In

Pakistan, divorce rates have risen incredible in the last two

decades and more witnessed in lower to middle class families.

Approximately 124, 141 cases were registered in Karachi,

family count from 2008-2011.The breakdown of the parental

relationship can be one of the major factors of psychological

stress among the students. (Cassum, 2018)

Death of spouse

In the case of solo parent 2, 10, 11, 12, 14, and 17

they have stated that the death of their spouse lead them on
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becoming a solo parent. The reasons are due to the illness

and accident of their spouse.

The death of a spouse is one of life’s most distressing

events.(Kim & kim, 2016) In addition, according to (Pena-

Longobardo et al, 2021) Compared to the general population,

widowed individuals experience more adverse psychological and

physical outcomes.Widowed parents face tasks such as

communicating the death to children and managing their

children’s grief alongside their own. (Sheehan et al., 2019)

due to that they have to adjust their parenting style or a

single person, often taking on roles previously fulfilled by

the other parent (Glazer et al., 2010). The multiple demands

of grief and parenting may limit widowed parents well-being,

as well as their children.(Falk et al., 2021) Social support

can facilitate the transition to single parenthood and

support day-to-day demands following the spousal

death.(Glazer et al., 2010)

Abandonment

In the case of solo parent 6 and solo parent 9 they

stated that abandonment is the reason why they became a solo

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parent. Some of them are the grandfather of the children under

their care due to the fact that their own son or daughter

left them the custody of their grandchildren and also one of

the participants become a solo parent because their father

left them after the death of their mother

According to (Guilleux, 2016) abandonment is generally

understood as the act by which parent renounces, explicitly,

or tacitly, his duties of child protection, maintenance and

education, thus requiring those duties to be assumed by a

third party. An abandoned child can be differential

theoretically from a child at risk, who is taken from his

family by judicial or administrative means.

It is estimated that nearly two million children in the

Philippines are either neglected or abandoned by their

household as a result of social, environmental, and economic

factor. These high number of abandoned children can be

attributed to violent conflict as a result of the country’s

stance on drugs, mothers forced to find domestic work

overseas, high levels of poverty and teen pregnancy, and

particularly natural disasters. (Diaz, 2021)

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Imprisonment

Basing on Solo Parent 3’s case Imprisonment of a spouse

or a guardian is considered to be a factor to be a registered

solo parent. Similar case to solo parent 3 appeared on an

article.

According to an article of Manila Bulletin’s last June,

2022. There is a case in Sitio Mansarong, Barangay Sta.

Margarita, Baggao wherein a 50-year old father who

allegedly raped his daughter was arrested. The police said

that the alleged rape happened last year when the victim,

Jane (not her real name), was 10 years old, and already

without her mother who died also in the same year. Jane was

left to the care of her father following the death of the

suspect’s wife “Naiwan sa pangangalaga ng suspek si ‘Jane’

nang mamayapa ang kanyang ina,” the police report added.

According to the Baggao Philippine National Police (PNP),

the minor had developed fear after the incident.

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Challenges of a Solo Parents

Majority of the solo parent respondents stated that they

have struggles financially. Among the respondents, 9(47.4%)

of them stated that they are struggling financially as they

have to pay bills and support their daily needs, 3 (15.3%) of

them said that it is challenging to raise their child alone

while, 7 (36.8%) solo parents stated that it its challenging

to balance both financial and raising their child alone.

In the case of solo parent 2, 3, 4, 8, 10, 14, 15, 18,

and 19 they stated that the biggest challenge as a solo parent

is financial problem that lead them in entering different

kind of jobs and finding a new source of income that they can

use to support the children under their custody, while solo

parent 7, 12 and 13 said that the biggest struggle is raising

their child alone. On the other hand solo parent 1,5 , 6, 9,

11, 16 and 17 see both aspect as the most challenging part as

a solo parent especially by working and raising children for

the fear that most of them couldn’t understand their children

and know for a fact that they face loneliness and insecurities

of not having a complete family.

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Single parents are at a higher risk of poor health and

well-being outcomes, as well as being more likely to face

financial hardship, compared to co-parenting families.

(Campbell et al., 2016)

Whether due to death, divorce, or choice, single parents

face unique financial challenges. Budgets are often more

stressed, child care can be a struggle, and saving for the

future might feel impossible at times. The financial

challenges of single parenting can lead to debt and late

payments, and both can damage credit scores. Poor credit, in

turn, makes it challenging to rent or buy a home or secure a

lower-interest loan that would help with getting out of debt.

(Fontinelle, A. 2021)

Aside from financial difficulties solo parents face

struggles on raising their children alone. According to

American Psychological Association. (2019 American

Psychological Association, 2019. Life in a single parent

household—though common—can be quite stressful for the adult

and the children. The single parent may feel overwhelmed by

the responsibilities of juggling caring for the children,

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maintaining a job, and keeping up with the bills and household

chores. And typically, the family’s finances and resources

are drastically reduced following the parents’ breakup.

Single parent families deal with many other pressures and

potential problem areas that other families may not face.

A parent’s separation or absences According In a major

study conducted by Swedish researchers on single parenting,

it was revealed that children from single parent families are

twice as much vulnerable to mental health issues, substance

abuse problem and attempted suicide. An estimated 41% of

children are born outside the marriage with single parents.

According to the latest survey carried out by the U.S. Census

Bureau, approximately 28% of the children in the U.S. are

living in single parent families.Secure Teen, 2013)

Familiarization to Family Counseling

In this study, among the 10 solo parent respondents,

8(80%) of them stated that they are familiar with family

counseling, however 6(60%) of them didn’t undergo family

counseling due to the following circumstances including

that the respondent worked abroad and the respondent and

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his partner didn’t live together, 2(20%) of them stated

that they are not familiar with family counseling.

In the cases of Solo Parent 1, 2, 3, 4,5,6,8 and 10.

Their responses shows that they are familiar with the family

counselling program. However, despite their familiarization

most of this parents were not able to try the said program

before their separation. As to Solo Parent 7 and 9, both of

them said that they are not familiar with the program.

According to Family Relationship Online, family

relationship issues can be stressful and emotionally

difficult. Talking things through with a family law

counsellor may help you manage your situation. Family law

counseling can help you with the emotional impact of

separation. It can also help you communicate better with your

former partner about issues that need to be decided. Family

therapy can help you improve troubled relationships with your

partner, children or other family members. You may address

specific issues such as marital or financial problems,

conflict between parents and children, or the impact of

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substance abuse or a mental illness on the entire family.

(Improving Lives Counseling, 2016)

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Chapter 4

Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations

Summary of Findings

Profile of Participating Solo Parents

All participating solo parent respondents were

registered solo parents of Cabanatuan City. A total 19

registered Solo Parent were selected. The identity of the

respondents were kept confidential to protect their

identities.

The respondents were divided into two, 12 registered

female solo parents and 7 registered male solo parent.

Majority of the solo parents interviewed were both at their

30s (31.6%) and 50s (31.6%), followed by Solo parent whom are

at their 40s (15.8%). Moreover, there were also solo parent

whom are at their 20s (10.5%) and 60 (10.5%). It is also

revealed that 11 (57.9%) of them have 1 child under their

care.
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Factors of the Increasing Numbers of Solo Parents

The respondent’s response stated the following reasons

which were classified into four (4) categories such as

Separation, Abandonment of parents, and Death of spouse

and Imprisonment of spouse.

Challenges of a Solo Parent

Majority of the solo parents stated that they are

struggling financially and in raising their children.

Adapting into a one-man family set up is a struggle for the

respondents especially when they have to balance their time

and perform the duties of a mother and father to their

children.

Familiarization to Family Counseling

Another reason is the familiarization of the respondents

to the family counseling program. Majority of the respondents

were aware that this kind of program existed before separating

ways to their spouses. However, despite their familiarity

most solo parents are not aware of the procedure and has no

experience with the said program. Due to their unawareness

and lack of experience, these solo parents didn’t get a chance

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to save their relationship resulting to their solo

parenthood.

Conclusion:

1. The responses generated a discussion of determining

the factors why the respondents become a solo parent.

The researchers presented the participants and their

responses from the prepared questionnaire. The

reasons were classified into four (4) categories.

a. Separation is the most common reason why parents

end up raising their children alone. Separation

of spouses was caused by different reasons such

as, peer pressure, substance use, long distance

relationship and the involvement of a third party

in their relationship.

b. Death of their spouses to some respondents is

the factor why they become a solo parent. Aside

from the actual death of their spouses they are

to be considered as solo parents if they have

children in their custody aside from being a

minor is if the child under their care is

identified to be a person with disability.

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c. Abandonment of the parents to their children.

The interesting part in this reason is that

children and grandparents could be considered as

a solo parent depending on their circumstances.

To our first respondent he stated that he became

a solo parent due to the reason that his children

already had a new family and left the custody of

his grandchildren to them without a notice. On

the other hand our second respondent stated that

when his mother died his father abandoned their

family leaving him with all the responsibility

of raising his siblings.

d. Imprisonment of spouse researchers have

identified that if a spouse has been detained

they could be considered as a solo parent since

the other half is absent and won’t be able to

provide for the family.

2. Finances and parental roles are the major challenges

faced by solo parents. Majority of the solo parents

stated that they are struggling financially in raising

their children. Their work related matters also affect

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their roles as a parent to our respondents. Some of

them fear for the mental health of their children,

especially those who are longing for the presence of

their partner growing up. For them balancing the role

of both gender is hard especially considering their

situations.

3. Majority of the respondents were aware of the family

counselling and that this kind of program existed but

were unfamiliar with the procedure. Due to their lack

of knowledge and experience with the said program

these solo parents didn’t get a chance to seek help

from a professional in order to save their

relationships.

Recommendations:

1. The researchers have identified four (4) diffenrent

factors that cause the increasing numbers of solo

parents in Cabanatuan city. The following are

recommended:

a. School Administrators may promote a program on

family planning on their campuses through the help

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of the Parents and Teachers Association in the 21st

century era, parents and students must possess a

fundamental understanding, competency, and

knowledge of family planning ideas.

b. School administrations may also implement a sex

education awareness campaign or seminars as part of

their programs to advocate for safe sex and

avoidance of teen age pregnancy. The ability of the

students to manage and use engaging methods in the

seminars will determine whether or not the purpose

is achieved.

c. The City Social Welfare and Development Office may

help solo parents by helding a free legal advice

event with lawyers and may also refer solo parents

for a free legal assistance to file for a child

support to their spouses.

d. Future researchers may explore and conduct a study

about facilitated function building, intervention

programs for solo parents who experience death of

their spouses, and a study focusing on abandoned

children and its impact to their well-being.

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2. The Local Government of Cabanatuan may facilitate

financial literacy initiatives in the city to teach Solo

Parents financial plans, such as retirement planning,

life insurance, and pension funds, which can support the

population's maturing segment. The seminars should be

offered to every barangay to give single parents the

chance to attend without having to worry about their

children. This way solo parent would be able to increase

their financial literacy and awareness.

3. The City Social Welffare and Development Office may

assist every barangay in the city to promote and infrom

its residence the availability of family counseling and

its importance to every family.

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https://doi.org/10.19080/JOJNHC.2019.10.555781

2. American Psychological Association. (2019, October 31)

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3. Bennett, K. M., Van Vuuren, J., & Soulsby, L. K. (2022).

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What factors influence adjustment? Death Studies, 1–10.

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research/

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family-counseling/

7. Diaz, N. (2021, April 4). The children left behind in

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bridges.org/post/the-children-left-behind-in-the-

philippines

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Involvement as a Important Factor for Successful

Education. Center for Educational Policy Studies

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pressures-of-single-parenting-on-teens/

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https://mb.com.ph/2022/06/11/father-accused-of-raping-

11-year-old-daughter-arrested-in-cagayan/

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challenges#cc

12. Gayola, J. (2019, January 14). Traditional

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13. Golombok, S., Zadeh, S., Imrie, S., Smith, V., &

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14. Guilleux, C. & Calenda. (2016, May 27). Child

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https://calenda.org/368312?lang=en

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16. Jordan, M. (2021, August 26). Purposive Sampling

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sampling-101/

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CHILDREN CHARACTER (CASE STUDY ON STUDENTS AT MADRASAH

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TSANAWIYAH MA’ARIF KAWEDUSAN PONGOK BLITAR). Didaktika

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https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1201337

19. Schmuck, D. (n.d.). Single parenting: fewer

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20. Separation and counselling | Family Relationships

Online. (2022, January 28).

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ration-counselling

21. Stack, R. J., & Meredith, A. (2017). The Impact of

Financial Hardship on Single Parents: An Exploration of

the Journey From Social Distress to Seeking Help.

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https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-017-9551-6
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22. Tuazon, R. J. C., Butiu, J. C., Natangcop, S. F.

C., L. Lonzaga, J. M., & A. Lim, M. K. (2022). Solo On

and Off Duty: Challenges of Selected Solo Parent

Employees in Call Center Companies and the Implication

of Republic Act 8972. International Journal of Research

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https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2022.6314

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Effect on Student Learning. Masters Theses.

https://thekeep.eiu.edu/theses/4464

Appendices

APPENDIX “A”

A Case Study on the Increasing Number of Solo Parents in

Cabanatuan City
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION AND LIBERAL ARTS
A.Y 2022-2023
Name (Optional):
Gender:
Age:

1. How many children do you have? How old are they?

(Ilang bata ang nasa iyong kostodiya? Ilang taon na

sila?)
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2. What are the reason that you are raising your child
alone?

(Ano ang dahilan ng pag a -alaga mo ng mag isa sa

iyong mga anak?)

3. What are the most challenging parts of being a solo

parent?

(Ano ang pinaka mahirap sa parte ng pagiging solo na

magulang?)

4. Are you familiar with a family counseling program?

(Pamilyar ka ba sa mga programang pang pamilya? Tulad

ng counselling program?)

APPENDIX “B”
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APPENDIX “C”
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APPENDIX “D”

SOLO PARENT DATABASE REPORT

F M TOTAL RENEWAL

DISTRICT I 978 100 1078 176

DISTRICT 952 114 1066 165

II

DISTRICT 1216 137 1353 176

III

DISTRICT 1385 179 1564 304

IV

DISTRICT V 785 102 887 140

TOTAL 5316 732 5948 961

OVER ALL 6,048

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APPENDIX “E”

Documentation

Solo Parent Assembly

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Solo Parent Interview, Brgy. San Josef Norte and Solo

Parent Federation office
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APPENDIX “F”

KRIZZA MARY JOY M CASTRO

Political Science Student, College of Education and Liberal Arts
Phinma Araullo University, Main Campus

PERSONAL DATA
Address: Fort Magsaysay, Palayan City
Contact No.: +63 963 172 6635
Email: [email protected]

EDUCATION:

Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology Secondary Education, Junior

High
Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija 2015-2016

AMA Computer College Secondary Education, Senior

High
Bitas, Cabanatuan City 2016-2017 (Grade 11)

ABE International College of Business and Economics Secondary Education, Senior

High
Burgos Eve, Cabanatuan City 2018-2019

Wesleyan University-Philippines College

Mabini Street Extension 2018-2019

Phinma Araullo University Bachelor of Arts in Political

Science
Maharlika Highway, Brgy. Bitas, Cabanatuan City 2020-Present

EXPERIENCE:

City Social Welfare and Development Office Former Intern - 2022

ACHIEVEMENT:
- Junior High School- With Honors
- Senior High School- With Honors
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- Member of Phinma Araullo University Political Science Student Organization-2019-

2022

CHARACTER REFERENCES
 RENATO L. HURTADO III
Political Science Program Head, Phinma Araullo University
+63 969 153 7765

 VANESSA ANNE CUCIO, RSW

Child Youth and Development Division Head, City Social Welfare Development
Office

I hereby certify that the statements and information stated above are true and
accurate to the best of my knowledge and belief.

KRIZZA MARY JOY M. CASTRO

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APPENDIX “G”

PRINCESS FEMYLOU B. MERCADO

Political Science Student, College of Education and Liberal Arts
Phinma Araullo University, Main Campus

PERSONAL DATA
Address: Bangad, Cabanatuan City
Contact No.: +63 915 258 2717
Email: [email protected]

EDUCATION:

Internation School for Arts and Academics Secondary Education, Junior

High
Brgy.Barera, Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija 2017-2018

University of the Philippines Diliman Paralegal Training Program

University of the Philippines, Quezon City, Metro Manila 2022

Phinma Araullo University Bachelor of Arts in Political

Science
Maharlika Highway, Brgy. Bitas, Cabanatuan City 2019-Present

EXPERIENCE:

Phinma Araullo University Student Facilitator – 2019

City Social Welfare and Development Office Student Intern – 2022

ACHIEVEMENT:
- College of Education and Liberal Arts Student Council
4th Year Representative, Present
- Araullo University Political Science Student Organization
Vice Governor, A.Y 2021-2022
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- Association of Political Science Student Organization of the Philippines

Acting Deputy Secretary General, 2022
- Phinma Araullo Unversity
Dean’s Lister, First Semester, A.Y 2020-2021
- College of Education and Liberal Arts Student Council
Public Information Officer, A.Y 2020-2021
- GoodGov PH
Pillars of Leadership Awardee, 2020
- GoodGov PH, Aguhon 2020
Creatives Committee Head, 2020

CHARACTER REFERENCES

 RENATO L. HURTADO III

Political Science Program Head, Phinma Araullo University
+63 969 153 7765

 MARIBETH C. CADIZ, RSW

Special Sectors Livelihood and Development Division Head, City Social Welfare
and Development Office

I hereby certify that the statements and information stated above are true and
accurate to the best of my knowledge and belief.

PRINCESS FEMYLOU B. MERCADO

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APPENDIX “H”

MIKAELA SORO POLICARPIO

Political Science Student, College of Education and Liberal Arts
Phinma Araullo University, Main Campus

PERSONAL DATA
Address: Purok 1, Brgy. Santiago, Aliaga, Nueva Ecija
Contact No.: +63 948 402 7015
Email: [email protected]

EDUCATION:

Aliaga National High School Secondary Education, Junior

High
Poblacion East II, Aliaga, Nueva Ecija 2016-2017

Aliaga National High School Secondary Education, Senior

High
Poblacion East II, Aliaga, Nueva Ecija 2018-2019

Phinma Araullo University Bachelor of Arts in Political

Science
Maharlika Highway, Brgy. Bitas, Cabanatuan City 2019-Present

EXPERIENCE:

Phinma Araullo University Student Facilitator - 2019

City Social Welfare and Development Office Former Intern - 2022

ACHIEVEMENT:
- Junior High School- With Honors
- Senior High School- With High Honors
- Phinma Araullo University Dean's Lister- 2021
- Hawak Kamay Scholar 2019-2022
- Batang Matalino Scholar 2019
- Kabayan Partylist Scholar CHED-2019
- Member of Phinma Araullo University Political Science Student Organization-2019-
2022
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CHARACTER REFERENCES

 RENATO L. HURTADO III

Political Science Program Head, Phinma Araullo University
+63 969 153 7765

 MARIBETH C. CADIZ, RSW

Special Sectors Livelihood and Development Division Head, City Social Welfare
and Development Office

I hereby certify that the statements and information stated above are true and
accurate to the best of my knowledge and belief.

MIKAELA S. POLICARPIO
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APPENDIX “I”

NIKO NISHIMOTO
Political Science Student, College of Education and Liberal Arts
Phinma Araullo University, Main Campus

PERSONAL DATA
Address: Perigola st. , Brgy. Valdefuente, Cabanatuan City,
Nueva Ecija
Contact No.: +63 905 368 3928
Email: [email protected]

EDUCATION:

PHINMA Araullo University Secondary Education, Junior

High
Bitas, Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija 2016-2017

PHINMA Araullo University Secondary Education,

Senior High
Bitas, Cabanatuan City 2018-2019

PHINMA Araullo University Bachelor of Arts in

Political Science
Maharlika Highway, Brgy. Bitas, Cabanatuan City 2019-Present

EXPERIENCE:

HK Scholar-Student Facilitator(former) 2019

City Social Welfare and Development Office Former Intern - 2022

ACHIEVEMENT:
- Junior High School- Participant for the Night of Lterature(2014-2017)
- Senior High School- With Honors(2018-2019)
- Member of Phinma Araullo University Political Science Student Organization(2019-
Present)
 ARAULLOUNIVERSITY
P H I N M A E D U C A T I O N N E T W O R K
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION AND LIBERAL ARTS

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CHARACTER REFERENCES

 RENATO L. HURTADO III

Political Science Program Head, Phinma Araullo University
+63 969 153 7765

 VANESSA ANNE CUCIO, RSW

Child Youth and Development Division Head, City Social Welfare Development
Office

I hereby certify that the statements and information stated above are true and
accurate to the best of my knowledge and belief.

NIKO P. NISHIMOTO