PHYSICS PROJECT: .
REFRACTIVE INDEX OF DIFFERENT LIQUIDS
USING HOLLOW PRISM
.
.
Name: Mohammad Ashhar Mehdi
Class: 12
Section: A
Roll No:
Session: 2022-23
Table of Contents
S. No. Topic
1. COVER PAGE
2. INDEX
3. CERTIFICATE
4. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
5. AIM OF THE PROJECT
6. INTRODUCTION
7. THEORY
8. MATERIALS REQUIRED
9. PROCEDURE
10. OBSERVATION TABLE
11. CONCLUSION
12. BIBLIOGRAPHY
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Arman Yusuf, a student of class XII has successfully completed the
project on the topic ‘To Study The Moving Coil Galvanometer’ under the guidance of Mr.
Anant Mishra (Subject Teacher) during the session of 2022-23.
Name of Examiner Name of Subject Teacher
Mr. Anant Mishra
Signature of Examiner Signature of Subject Teacher
Name of Principal
Mrs. Meenakshi Bahadur
Signature of Principal
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to thank my Physics Teacher, Mr. Anant Mishra who gave me a
golden opportunity to work on this project. I would also like to express my
gratitude to my School Principal, Mrs. Meenakshi Bahadur, wholeheartedly.
I must also thank my parents and friends for their immense support and help
during the project without their help, completing this project would have
been very difficult.
AIM OF THE PROJECT:
To find the refractive index of different liquids using hollow
prism.
INTRODUCTION
What is a Prism?
A prism is a transparent optical element with flat, polished surfaces that
refract light.
Prism can be made from any material that is transparet including glass,
plastic and flourite.
What is a Prism used for?
A prism can be used to break light up into its constituent spectral colors.
Prisms can also be used to reflect light, or to split light into components with
different polarizations.
THEORY:
REFRACTION:
The refractive index of the liquid is given by the formula:
Where:
μ = refractive index of the liquid
δm = the angle of minimum deviation
r = angle of refraction
i = angle of incidence
A = angle of prism
MATERIALS REQUIRED:
Hollow glass prism
Various liquids like water, carbon disulphide,
benzaldehyde etc
Bell pins
Drawing board
PROCEDURE
1. Fix a white sheet of paper on the drawing board with help of
drawing pins.
2. Keep the prism and mark the outline of it as ABC.
3. Drop a normal PQ on the side AB.
4. Draw the angle of incidence in accordance with the normal
PQ and place 2 pins so that they appear to be in the straight
line.
5. Place the prism filled with given sample of liquid ,on the
marked outline ABC.
6. Now take the pins and place them on the side AC so that all
the 4 pins appears to be in same line.
7. Remove the prism and draw the line joining the points so
obtained.
8. Mark the diagram as shown in the figure.
9. Repeat this with different liquids and different angle of
incidence
OBSERVATION TABLE:
CONCLUSION
RESULT:
Refractive indices at room temperature:
1. BENZALDEHYDE:
Actual: 1.546
Experimental: 1.504
2. WATER:
Actual: 1.33
Experimental: 1.306
3. DIL.SULPHURIC ACID:
Actual: 1.355
Experimental: 1.351
PRECAUTIONS:
1. Angle of incidence should lie b/w 35-60 degree.
2. Pins should be vertically fixed and should lie in same line.
3. Distance b/w two points should not be less than 10mm.
4. Same angle of prism should be used for all observation.
5. Arrow head should be marked to represent emergent and incident ray.
SOURCES OF ERROR:
1. Error is caused when angle of incidence is not between 35-60 degree.
2. Pins are not vertically fixes
3. Distance between 2 points is less than 10mm.
4. Different angle of prism are used for all observations.
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
https://www.seminarsonly.com/Engineering-Projects/
Physics/refractive-index.php.
https://www.scribd.com/doc/294394861/Refractive-Index-of-
Different-Liquids-Using-Hollow-Prism#.
NCERT PHYSICS PART 1.
NCERT- PHYSICS LAB MANUAL.
