Delhi Public School, Rewari

Subject: Social Science (Geography Notes )

Class- IX
Name………... Roll no……
Prepared By – Mr. Rajesh Dixit

Population
Q.1 State four factors which affect the distribution of the density of population.
Ans: The factors are:
a) Natural factors
i) Climate (ii) Natural resources (iii) Relief
b) Man -made
i) Means of transportation and communication
ii) Industrialisation (iv) Urbanisation
Q.2 Why Assam and most of the peninsular states have moderate population densities?
Ans.
i) Hilly, dissected and rocky nature of the terrain.
ii) Moderate to low rainfall
iii) Shallow and less fertile soils.
iv) Lack of job opportunities
Q.3 What is the importance of studying population?
Ans
1) The people make and use resource, and are themselves resources with varying quality.
2) It is the point of reference from which all other elements are observed and from which they derive
significance and meaning.
3) ‘Resources’ , ‘calamities and ‘disasters’ are all meaningful only in relation to human beings. Their
numbers , distribution, growth and characteristics of qualities provide the basic background for
understanding and appreciating all aspects of the environment.
4) Human beings are producers and consumers of earth’s resources. Therefore , it is important to know
how many people are there in a country, where do they live, how and why their numbers are
increasing and what are their characteristics.
Q.4 What is the main cause of the rapid population growth in India?
Ans
1) High Birth Rate and Low Death Rate: From 1921 to 2001 , the death rate has fallen from 42.6 to 8.7
per thousand while the birth rate fell from 49.2 to 26.1 per thousand.
2) Poverty: Poor people have to spend little on the upbringing of their offsprings. Besides, the children
supplement the family income.
3) Child Marriage : Early marriage is a common feature in India. About 90 per cent of girls are married
in the agegroup of 15-20 years.
4) Low status of women: In India women have a low special status. They are, treated merely as child
producing machines.
5) Illiteracy: Rate of illiteracy of 35 percent is pretty high in India. Illiterate persons fail to understand
the significance of family planning.

Q.5 Why Kerala have a better sex ratio than the rest of the country?
Ans In country , as whole , a sex ratio works out to be 940, whereas in Kerala it is 1084, i.e. the number of
females in total population is higher in Kerala.
1) Literacy among women is high.
2) Better awareness among women about health and , food nutrition etc.
3) Because of higher social status for women, there is no infanticide of females.
4) Good health facilities are available throughout Kerala.
Q.6 There has been a substantial improvement in the health and conditions of the Indian
population’. Mention three factors responsible for its.
Ans
i) Improvement in public health system.
ii) Prevention of infections diseases.
iii) Spread of private hospitals.
iv) Improvement in literacy.
Q.7 What is natural growth rate of population? How can birth rate be brought down? Give two
methods.
Ans. The difference between the birth rate and the death rate is called the natural growth rate.

The Birth rate can be brought down (i) by the education.

i) Family planning methods should be adopted.
ii) Government should also take strict steps to check the growth rate.
Q.8 What makes West Bengal the most thickly populated state in India? Give three reasons.

Ans
i) West Bengal is a highly industrialized state. Due to employment opportunities, the migration rate
is high.
ii) Land is very fertile and irrigation facilities are also available.
iii) West Bengal also receives a fair amount of rainfall, and is rich in ground water resources.
iv) It is also served by a fine network of communication and transportation.

Q.9 How can we control the rapid growth of population in India? Explain any five measures?

Ans India’s population has touched about one million mark. So there is an urgent need to check
this growing population.
Main Steps:
1) Spread of education: The most important way to check the growth rate of population is to spread
education.
2) Strict laws: Strict laws should be made, and those who have more than two children should not be
given public employment.
3) New population policy 2000: Government has taken hard steps in the new population policy like
freezing of parliament seats. Such harsh steps should be taken.
4) Late marriage: Marriageble age for both men and women should be increased.
5) Awareness programme should be carried out through radio and television.

Q.10 After independence, significant improvement has been registered in the health status of the
population.’ Justify your answer by giving two examples.
Ans
i) Life expectancy has gone up to 67.9 years in 2012 from a mere 61 years during 1951.
ii) The mortality rate has been reduced .
iii) The gap between death rate and birth rate is increasing and this is due to fall in death rate.
iv) Life expectancy was 36.7 year in 1957.

Q.11 Health situation in India is still a cause of serious concern.” Give reasons.
Ans.
i) The per capita calorie consumption is much below the recommended level.
ii) Safe drinking water and basic sanitation amenities are not sufficient.
iii) In India the diet available to adolescents is inadequate in all nutrients.
iv) Adolescent girls suffer from anaemia.
Q.12 ‘Migration is an important determinant of population change’ . Explain.
Ans
i) It changes not only the population size but also the population composition .
ii) In India it has resulted in a steady increase in the percentage of population in cities and towns.
iii) There has been a significant increase in the number of million plus cities.
iv) The international migration is responsible for brain drain.
Q.13 Distinguish between the population growth and the population change.
Population Growth Population Change
1 Population growth is the actual addition in the Population change is the result of three main factors
existing population during a particular period in or components – birth rate, death rate and migrations.
a year
2 It is the difference between the births and deaths The population change is the result of difference
during that period. between the births and deaths in a year plus the
migration from one part of the country to the other of
from one country to the other.
Q.14 What is the relation between occupational structure and development?
Ans There is a close relationship between development of economy and occupational structure.
(a) Higher the proportion of a country engaged in secondary and tertiary activities, higher is the level of
income of the people, like USA, Japan, etc.
(b) Higher dependence of the population on agriculture or other primary activities results in the lower
level of income of people, as in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh.
(c) Proportion of the population dependent on agriculture in our country is around 64 percent and, on
secondary and tertiary sector, is around 13 and 20 per cent respectively.
(d) However, there has been gradual occupational shift in favour of secondary and tertiary sectors
because of the growing industrialization and urbanization during the last five decades.
Q.15 What are the significant features of the National Population Policy 2000?
Ans.
i) National Population Policy is a policy adopted by the Government of India in 2000.
ii) It aims at stabilizing the population by 2030.
iii) It also lays emphasis on the economic growth, social development and environment protection.
iv) The Policy states that it will achieve this goal by raising the age of marriage, making school free
and compulsory education upto the age of 14 years and reducing dropouts at the primary and the
secondary levels.
v) Reducing infant in mortality rate to below 30 per 1000 lives births.
vi) Achieving universal immunization of children for all vaccine preventable diseases.
vii) Promoting delayed marriage for girls.
Q.16 What do you mean by population growth? In which ways it is represented?
Ans
Growth of population refers to the change in the number of inhabitants of a country territory during a
specific period of time (during 10 years).It is represented in two ways:
i) The absolute in numbers.
ii) In percentage per annum.
Q.17 What is annual growth rate?
The rate of increase of people in percentage per annual is called annual growth rate of population.
Eg. – If growth rate is 2 per annum it means 2 persons are added every 100 person.

The annual rate of population growth was steadily increased between 1951 – 1981. Why?
It is because of the following reasons:
i) Industrialization and urbanizations creates a jobs opportunities to the people.
ii) Control in the death rate due to development in the medical facilities.
iii) Availability of basic needs like food and clothes due to improvement in agriculture.
Since 1981, however, the rate of growth started declining gradually. Why?
It is because of following reasons:
i) Birth rates decline rapidly due to spread of education.
ii) Family planning. (iii) Industrialization
Q.18 What is population change or growth ? Which are the three processes of change of population?
Ans.
The change in the population in any country in a given period is called population change. It is
governed by three processes.
i) death rate
ii) birth rate
iii) migration
Death rate:
It is the number of deaths per thousand persons in a year.
The rapid decline in the death rate indicate the growth rate of population.
Birth Rate:
It is the number of births per thousand persons in a year.
The higher birth rate and death rate indicate higher growth rate of population.
It also affects the increase and decrease in number of people in a country.
Migration
The movements of people from one place to another place.
 It is two types:
i) Internal – within a country
ii) International – in different countries.
Q.19 What do you mean by ‘ push’ and ‘pull’?
Ans
The meaning of ‘ push’ and ‘pull/ means migration of people from rural areas to urban areas.
 Push – It means the facilities which are not given in the rural areas Therefore, people migrate from
rural areas to urban areas (like poverty and unemployment)
 Push –The pull of the city is in terms of facilities like jobs, better living conditions (education,
medical facilities sources of entertainment , transport and communication and security).These
facilities attract the people from rural areas.

Q.20 What are the effects of migration between rural and urban areas?
Ans
It determine the population change (size).
It also changes the population composition of the urban and rural areas in terms of age and sex.
Q.21 What is age composition ? Explain the three groups of age composition.
The division of population of any country on the basis of age is called age composition , It is having
three categories:
A Children’s generally below 15 years .
 They are the future of the nation.
 They need proper facilities of food, clothing, education and medical care.
 They are economically unproductive . In India their %age is 34.4%
 The drawback of a large part of the population being children is that the standard of living
decreases. The level of health facilities and other amenities of other family members also decreases.
The quality of education also decreases.
 Working population ( 15-59) – They are economically productive and biologically reproductive..
Their percentage population is 58.7%.
 Increase in the working population would lead to better living standards and higher per capita
income.
 Aged (above 59yrs) – The maybe economically productive though they may have retired. Their
percentage population is 6.9%
 They maybe voluntarily employed.
 Increase in the aged population leads to lower standard living for the families.
Q.22 What is sex ratio? Why is it unfair in our country?
Sex ratio is defined as the number of females per thousand males. The current sex ratio of India
is (940/1000).The highest sex ration is found in Kerala (1084), Haryana (877/1000), Delhi
(866/1000)
The lowest sex ratio is found in Haryana.
It is unfavourable in our country because of the following reasons:
 Female feticide due to traditional thinking .
 Lack of education .
 Dowry and child marriage.

Q.23 What do you mean by literacy rate? Explain the literacy rate of India according to gender.
Ans
 Literacy rate refers to the number of persons above aged 7yrs who are able to read and write.
According to the 2011 census:
 Literacy rate of India – 73%
 Literacy rate of females – 64.6%
 Literacy rate of males – 80.9%
Q.24 What do you mean by adolescent population ? Why are the considered the most useful resource
of the future?
Ans
 Adolescents are the individuals belonging in the age groups of 10-19 yrs. They are considered as the
most important resource for the future because of the following reasons:
They will develop the science and technology.
They will contribute to the economic development of the country.
They will utilize the natural resources in various ways through their skills.
They need proper care and guidance.
They need balanced diet and better educational facilities.
They adolescent girls have to be sensitized to the problems they confront.

Q.25 Why population is considered as a resource?

Ans
i) We are producers and consumers of Earth’s resources.
ii) We identify the utility of resources according to need.
iii) We develop the science and technology which convert the natural resources in useful goods.
iv) The quality and the quantity of the people determine the economic and social development of
country.

Q.26 What is census? When it was started?

Ans
A census is an official enumeration of population done periodically .In India the first census was held
in the year 1872 but first complete census was taken in the year 1881 and continue regularly every 10
year.

Q.27 Explain Indian population size and distribution.

Ans
i) 1.21 billion according to March 2011 census.
ii) India has more then 17.5% of the world population.
iii) Indias areas is 3.28 million sq km. It is about 2.4 % of the worlds area.
iv) Almost half of India’s population line in Uttar Pradesh Maharashtra, Bihar , West Bengal and
Andhra Pradesh.
v) Most Populous state are Uttar Pradesh and least populated state is Arunachal Pradesh.
Q.28 What do you mean by density of population? Which factors determines the density of
population?
Ans
The number of persons per unit area is the density of population.
Following factors determines the density of population:
i) Topography
ii) Climate
iii) Soil
iv) Water.

Example of density :
In 2011 density was 382 person per square km.
Densely populated is Bihar and least densely populated is Arunachal Pradesh.
Q.29 Which area of India have very high population densities and why?
Ans
i) The Northern Plains and Kerala Regions:
The flat plains with fertile soils.
Abundant rainfall.

Q.30 Which areas of India have moderate population density and why?
Ans
Assam and most of peninsular states have moderate population because:
 Hilly dissected and rocky nature of the terrain.
 Moderate of low rainfall.
 Shallow and less fertile soils.
Q.31 Which areas of India have sparse population and why?
Ans
 Thar Desert and North Eastern states have sparse population because:
i) Rugged terrain.
ii) Unfavorable climatic conditions
iii) Infertile soil.

The Census 2011

 Total Population 1,210.6 million

 India’s share of population in world 17.5
 Rajasthan has only 6% of the total population of India.
 Average annual growth rate 1.64%
 The urban population is 31.80%.
 Million plus cities are 53.
 Life expectancy 64.7 year.