B.S. Criminology FIRST AID AND WATER SAFETY INTRODUCTION TO FIRST AID © GAIN ATTENTION First aid is an emergency care for a victim of sudden ill or injury until more skillful medical treatment is available. First aid may save a life or improve certain vital signs including pulse, temperature, a patent (unobstructed) airway, and breathing In minor emergencies, first aid may prevent a victim's condition from worsening or provide relief from pain LEARNERS’ OBJECTIVES By the end of this course, you should be able to: Cognitive Objectives: + Define and discuss the importance of first aid; + Identify and recognize the roles and responsibilities of first aider;B.S. Criminology FIRST AID AND WATER SAFETY INTRODUCTION TO FIRST AID Affective Objectives: + Acquire knowledge on six characteristics of a good first aider that will serve as motivation for the understanding and appreciation of lifesaving; + Determine the hindrances on giving first aid and distinguish how diseases are transmitted and diseases that causes concern; Psychomotor Objectives: + Define Body Substance Isolation and identify the basic precautions and practices of Body Substance Isolation; and + Explain the basic first aid equipment and cloth materials commonly used in first aid INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES (ILO) In order to achieve the outcomes of this course, learners will go through this learning plan 1. Explain the importance and purpose of first aid; 2. Recognize the utility of first aid during emergency; and 3. Identify key factors and common materials used in different emergencies. INTRODUCTION First Aid First aid is an immediate care given to a person who been injured or suddenly taken ill. Itincludes self-help and home care if medical assistance is not available or delayed. It includes self-help and home care if medical assistance is not available or is delayed. It also includes well- selected words of encouragement, evidence of willingness to help, and promotion of confidence by demonstration of competence. The person giving first aid, the first-aider, deals with the whole situation, the injured person, and the injury or illness. He knows what not to do as well as what to do; he avoids errors that are frequently made by untrained persons through well-meant but misguided efforts. He knows, too, that his first aid knowledge and skill can mean theB.S. Criminology FIRST AID AND WATER SAFETY INTRODUCTION TO FIRST AID difference between life and death, between temporary and permanent disability, and between rapid recovery and long hospitalization Definition of Terms Emergency is a situation that poses an immediate risk to health, life, property or environment. Injury is a general term that refers to any damage to the human body. Self-aid is any care given to oneself. First Aider refer to a person who gives first aid. Hemorrhage is an escape of large quantities of blood from the blood vessels that may cause state of condition when there is not enough or adequate blood supplies to the vital tissues and organs. Dressing is a sterile pad or a compressed sponge that is applies directly to cover the wound, Bandage is a piece of material that is used to support a dressing, splint, or an injured part of a person's body Fracture refers to a break in the continuity of a bone. Venom is a venom secreted by some animals and injected into the body of victims through bites. Heat Injuries are environmental injuries that may result when a person is exposed to extreme heat, such as from the sun or from high temperature. Heat Cramps are muscles spasms caused by low levels of salt and water in the body, Heat Exhaustion is caused by loss of water through sweating as caused by inadequate fluid replacement; it may cause heat stroke. Heat Stroke is a medical emergency and can be fatal if not treated promptly and correctly. It occurs when a person experiences an abnormally elevated body temperature caused by failure of the body's cooling mechanism when the environmental temperature is too high or there is dehydration. Cold Injuries are most likely to occur when an unprepared individual is exposed to very low temperature and the blood circulation to the extremities become inadequate. This is also known as frostbite, Burn is a type of injury to flesh or skin caused by heat, electricity, chemicals, friction, or radiation Roles and Responsibilities of the First AiderB.S. Criminology FIRST AID AND WATER SAFETY INTRODUCTION TO FIRST AID Bridge that fills the gap between the victim and the physician. It is not intended to compete with, not take the place of the services of the physician It ends when the services of a physician begin, + Ensure safety of him/herself and that of bystanders. * Gain access to the victim * Determine any threats to patient's life. * Summon advanced medical care as needed * Provide needed care for the patient. * Assist advance personnel. * Record all finding and care given to the patient. IV. Characteristics of a Good First Aider 1. Gentle. The first aider should not cause pain to the victim/patient. 2. Resourceful. The first aider should make the best things at hand 3. Observant. The first aider should notice all signs and symptoms of the illness 4, Tactful. The first aider should not alarm the victim/patient. 5, Emphatic. The first aider should be comforting on the feelings and the pain experienced by the victim / patient. 6. Respectful/Respectable. The first aider should maintain a professional & caring attitude. 7. Cheerful. The first aider should have a happy expression that inspires confidence Objectives of First Aid To alleviate suffering, To prevent added/further injury, damage or danger. To prolong life. eros 1. Importance of First Aid To save life. To prevent permanent hospitalization. To reduce prolonged hospitalization. eryos Vil. Basic Life Saving Steps Check for blood circulation (pulse). Check for breathing Check for bleeding Check for shock. RONaB.S. Criminology FIRST AID AND WATER SAFETY INTRODUCTION TO FIRST AID Vill. Purposes of First Aid Training 1. To prevent accidents, To train people to do the right thing at the right time. To prevent added injury or danger. To provide proper transportation if necessary. To give first aid for large numbers of persons caught in a natural disaster. geen IX. General Directions for First Aid ‘* Don't panic, The first aider must remain calm so that he or she has a clear mind during the emergency situation ‘* To ensure the safety of the area, In an emergency situation, the first aider must, first make sure that the area is safe for him/her and the victim. He/she should transport the victim to a safer place if necessary. * Check for vital functioning, The first aider should assess and monitor pulse and breathing of the victim. © Check for injuries. The first aider must conduct careful examination of the victim to prevent further injury. In cases of multiple injuries, the first aider should know which problem to treat first. ‘© Give the needed first aid urgently. The aider must be capable of applying necessary and appropriate steps to attain the objectives of first aiding. + Keep the victim lying down. The victim should be examined in a lying position order to immobilize the body. ‘© Keep the victim warm. This would help the victim recover faster by increasing the circulation of blood throughout the body. The victim may be provided with a jacket, a blanket or a body heat transfer by embracing the victim, * Do not give to fluids to an unconscious or partly conscious person. This must be noted by every person not only the first aider and rescuers. The water may enter the windpipe and block the airway passage.B.S. Criminology FIRST AID AND WATER SAFETY INTRODUCTION TO FIRST AID * Do not attempt to arouse an unconscious person by shaking him because it might cause further injury + Following injury, do not lift a gasping person by the belt. This may aggravate injuries of the back or internal organs. + Reassure the victim. The first aider should explain to the victim the first aid should to be done and how it will help him/her reduce the feelings of anxiety + Be reluctant to make statements, The first aider should be reluctant to give statements to the victim and bystanders about the injuries. It is not included within the first aider’s tasks to diagnose, evaluate and predict illnesses and injuries, but only to provide needed immediate care. Hindrances in giving First Aid 1. Unfavorable surroundings 2. Presence of crowds 3. Pressure from victim or relatives XI. Basic Equipment for First Aid © Spine Board © Short Board / Kendricks's Extrication Device © Sets of splints © Poles * Blankets XI. Suggested Contents of First Aid Kit © Rubbing Alcohol * Povidone lodine = Cotton © Gauge Pads * Tongue Depressor © Penlight « BandB.S. Criminology FIRST AID AND WATER SAFETY INTRODUCTION TO FIRST AID * Gloves © Scissors © Triangular Bandage * Elastic Roller Bandage * Dressing « Plaster Synthesis Here are the module’s key ideas: + First aid is an immediate and emergency care for a victim of sudden ill or injury until more skillful medical treatment is available. ‘© The person giving first aid, the first-aider, deals with the whole situation, the injured person, and the injury or illness. + The role of a first aider is to bridge that fills the gap between the victim and the physician. * A first aider should be gentle, resourceful, observant, tactful, emphatic, respectful, and cheerful. ASSESS PERFORMANCE Your task: Give at least 5 pictures of First Aid Equipment and explain its usage.