A mixture of finely divided drugs or chemicals in dry form
Answer:
Powders
Should be impalpable and free flowing
Answer:
Topical powders
Finely divided powders that are intended to be applied in a body cavity, such as the ears, nose, vagina,
tooth socket, or throat
Answer:
Insufflated powders
Is a relatively simple technique for estimating the flow properties of a powder
Answer:
Angle of repose
In which particles are passed by mechanical shaking through a series of sieves of known and
successively smaller size and the proportion of powder passing through or being withheld on
each sieve is determined (range about 40 to 9,500 μm, depending upon sieve sizes)
Sieving
In which sample particles are sized through the use of a calibrated grid background or other
measuring device
Answer:
Microscopy
In which particle size is determined by measuring the terminal settling velocity of particles through a
liquid medium in a gravitational or centrifugal environment
Answer:
Sedimentation rate
Grinding a drug in a mortar to reduce its particle size
Answer:
Trituration/comminution
Used to reduce particle size in large scale
Answer:
FitzMill comminutor
Is commonly used in small-scale preparation of ointments and suspensions to reduce the particle size
and grittiness of the added powders.
Answer:
Levigation
This water can be liberated either during manipulations or on exposure to a low-humidity environment.
If this occurs, the powder will become sticky and pasty, or it may even liquefy.
efflorescent powders
Most powders for internal use are taken orally after mixing with water or in the case of infants in their
infant formulas
Answer:
Medicated powders
A thin, semi opaque paper with limited moisture resistance
Answer:
Vegetable parchment
Used for powders containing volatile components
Glassine
A transparent waterproof paper
Answer:
Waxed paper
Are prepared agglomerates of smaller particles of powder
Answer:
Granules
Are granules or coarse to very coarse powders containing a medicinal agent in a dry mixture usually
composed of sodium bicarbonate, citric acid, and tartaric acid
Answer:
Effervescent salts
The one molecule of water present in each molecule of citric acid acts as the binding agent for the
powder mixture.
Answer:
Dry or fusion method
In this method, all of the powders may be anhydrous as long as water is added to the moistening liquid.
Answer:
Wet method
Are solid dosage forms in which medicinal agents and/or inert substances are enclosed in a small shell of
gelatin
Answer:
Capsules
Two-piece capsules are called
Answer:
Hard gelatin capsule
One-piece capsules are called
Answer:
Soft gelatin capsule
They are also commonly employed in clinical drug trials to compare the effects of an investigational drug
with those of another drug product or placebo
Answer:
Hard gelatin capsule
They may be colored with various fd&c and d&c dyes and made opaque by adding agents such as
titanium dioxide
Answer:
Hard gelatin capsule
Is obtained by the partial hydrolysis of collagen obtained from the skin, white connective tissue, and
bones of animals.
Answer:
Gelatin
Are solid dosage forms usually prepared with the aid of suitable pharmaceutical excipients
Answer:
Tablets
Are components added to the active ingredients that have special functions
Answer:
Tablet excipients
Are fillers designed to make up the required bulk of the tablet when the drug dosage amount is
inadequate
Answer:
Diluents
Are added in either dry or liquid form to promote granulation or to promote cohesive compacts during
direct compression
Answer:
Binders and adhesives
Are added to tablet formulations to facilitate disintegration when the tablet contacts water in the
gastrointestinal tract.
Answer:
Disintegrants
Reduce the friction that occurs between the walls of the tablet and the walls of the die cavity when the
tablet is ejected.
Answer:
Lubricants
Reduce sticking, or adhesion, of the tablet granulation or powder to the faces of the punches or the die
walls.
Answer:
Antiadherents
Promote the flow of the tablet granulation or powder by reducing friction among particles.
Answer:
Glidants
Disguise off -color drugs, provide product identification, and produce a more aesthetically appealing
product.
Answer:
Colors and dyes
Are usually limited to chewable tablets or tablets that are intended to dissolve in the mouth.
Answer:
Flavoring agents
This type of tablet usually contain a number of pharmaceutical excipients
Answer:
Compressed tablets
Are compressed tablets coated with a thin layer of a polymer capable of forming a skin-like film.
film coated tablets
Have delayed-release features. Enteric-coated tablets
Are flat, oval tablets intended to be dissolved in the cheek pouch or beneath the tongue for absorption
through the oral mucosa.
Answer:
Buccal and sublingual tablets
Which have a smooth, rapid disintegration when to dissolve in the mouth, have a creamy base, usually
of specially flavored and colored mannitol.
Answer:
Chewable tablets
These tablets generally contain medicinal substances that dissolve rapidly when added to water.
Answer:
Effervescent tablets
Certain tablets, such as tablet triturates, may be prepared by molding rather than by compression. The
resultant tablets are very soft and soluble and are designed for rapid dissolution
Answer:
Molded tablets
Are small, usually cylindrical, molded, or compressed tablets containing small amounts of usually potent
drugs
Answer:
Tablet triturates
They were originally used by physicians in extemporaneous preparation of parenteral solutions.
Answer:
Hypodermic tablets
Are designed to disintegrate and release their medication with no special rate-controlling features, such
as special coatings and other techniques
Answer:
Immediate-release tablets
Tablets of this type are designed for children and the elderly or for any patient who has difficulty in
swallowing tablets. Rapidly disintegrating or dissolving tablets
Also called vaginal inserts, are uncoated, bullet-shaped, or ovoid tablets inserted into the vagina for local
effects.
Answer:
Vaginal tablets
To remove traces of loose powder adhering to tablets following compression, the tablets are conveyed
directly from the tableting machine to a deduster
Answer:
Tablet dedusting
A solid dosage forms are intended to pass through the stomach intact to disintegrate and release their
drug content for absorption along the intestines
enteric coated tablet
Are solid oral dosage forms that are designed to dissolve or disintegrate slowly in the mouth
Answer:
Lozenges
Are dosage forms that are composed of small, solid particles of uniform shape sometimes called beads
Answer:
Pellets
Are large, usually elongated tablets intended for administration to large animals.
Answer:
Bolus tablets
Are small, round solid dosage forms containing a medicinal agent and intended to be administered orally
Answer:
Pills
Lozenges on stick
Answer:
Lollipops
They may be administered orally or parenterally
Answer:
Pellets
Is a raspberry lollipop that is a sugar-based lozenge on a stick and contains fentanyl citrate.
Answer:
Fentanyl actiq
This technique is often used with gummy substances that reagglomerate or resist grinding.
Answer:
Pulverization by intervention
Is blending small amounts of powders by movement of a spatula through them on a sheet of paper or an
ointment tile.
Answer:
Spatulation
If simple admixture is desired without the special need for comminution, the glass mortar is usually
preferred
Answer:
Trituration
By this method, the potent drug is placed with an approximately equal volume of the diluent in a mortar
and is mixed thoroughly by trituration.
Answer:
Geometric dilution
This process is not acceptable for the incorporation of potent drugs into a diluent powder
Answer:
Sifting
Mixing by this process is thorough but time consuming. Such blenders are widely employed in industry,
as are mixers that use motorized blades to blend powders in a large vessel
Answer:
Tumbling
Is an undesirable separation of the different components of the blend
Answer:
Segregation
Some medicated powders are administered by inhalation with the aid of dry powder inhalers (dpis),
which deliver micronized particles of medication in metered quantities
Answer:
Aerosol powder
Used for powders containing neither volatile components nor ingredients adversely affected by air or
moisture
Answer:
Simple bond paper
Products requiring colorants include
I.Ointments
II.Compressed tablets
III.Capsules
Geometric dilution:
I.Is employed in comminuting powders
II. Is employed in mixing small amount of potent drug with a large amount of diluents
III.Can be performed when trituration method of mixing powder is used
Statements concerning bulk powders
I. Oral powders are mixed with water or other beverages before swallowing
II.Douche powders are dissolved in warm water for vaginal use
III.Dusting powders include topical anti-infectives, antifungals and antiperspirants
Finely divided powders introduced into the body cavities such as ears, nose, throat, tooth sockets and
vagina.
I.Dusting powder
II. Douche powder
III.Insufflation
Soft gelatin capsules
I.Are used to hermetically seal and encapsulate liquids, suspensions, and pasty materials
II.Render elastic and plastic-like by adding titanium dioxide
III.Contain more moisture than hard gelatin capsule
Hard gelatin capsules are
I. Commonly employed in clinical trials
II.In small scale compounding, pharmacist uses “punch method”
III.Can be prepared by rotary die process
Characteristics of added substances to capsule formulation
I.Harmless in quantities used
II.Do not interfere with requisite compendial assays and tests
III.Do not impair product’s bioavailability, therapeutic efficacy or safety
TRUE statements regarding capsule excipients include
I.Lactose is a common diluent
II.Sodium lauryl sulfate is used as surface-active agent
III.Magnesium stearate is used as a disintegrant
A base or vehicle used in topical powders
Talc
A comminution process where a suitable agent, usually a non-solvent, is added to the powder to form a
paste then rubbing or grinding the paste in a mortar.
Select one:
a. Levigation
A coronary vasodilator used in the prophylaxis and treatment of angina pectoris, which dissolve under
the tongue.
Nitroglycerin
A disadvantage for using oral powders
Select one:
a. Undesirable taste of the drug
A dosage form that is prepared by adults especially by those who are on several medications
Tablet
A patient comes to the pharmacy asking for a refill for his blood pressure medication, the name of which
he could not recall. Upon checking his profile, there are two blood pressure medicines on file, what
information would you ask the patient to help identify the needed medication?
All
A sugar-based lozenge on a stick (lollipop) used in controlling breakthrough pain in cancer patients is;
Select one:
a. Fentanyl Actiq
A tablet which is 50% larger and heavier than the original uncoated one is
Sugar coated tablet
A term used to define grinding a drug substance in mortar to reduce particle size
Ab
An excipient used in sugar free-chewable tablet
Xylitol
An excipient used in sugar-free chewable tablet is
Select one:
a. Xylitol
Capsule sizes available for human use
Select one:
a. All of the above
Characteristics of dosage forms that influence the bioavailability of oral drugs.
All
Commonly used diluents for hard shell capsules.
Select one:
a. A and B
Complete mixing of magnesium stearate with tablet granules will
Decrease the crushing strength of tablets
Compressed tablets coated with a thin layer of a polymer capable of forming a skin like film.
Film coated tablets
Compressed tablets that are coated with a substance resistant to gastric fluid and contain substances
that are destroyed or inactivated in the stomach
Select one:
a. Enteric coated tablets
Described dosage forms having drug release features based on time, course and/or location that are
designed to accomplish therapeutic or convenience objectives not offered conventional or immediate
release form.
Modified release
Different technologies are employed in preparing modified release products. Glucotrol XL, Procardia XL
and Covera HS are examples of;
Osmotic tablet
Disc-shaped solid dosage form containing a hard candy base to be dissolved slowly in the mouth
Lozenges
Divided powders are also known as
Chartula
Dosage form designed to release the drug at a time other than promptly after administration
Select one:
a. Delayed release
Dosage forms that allows a reduction in dosing frequency from that necessitated by a conventional
dosage form, such as solution or an immediate release dosage form.
Delayed release
Drug dosage form that are protected from the destructive influence of gastric acid after oral
administration.
Enteric coated tablet
Drug dosage form/s that is/are protected from the destructive influence of atmospheric oxygen or
humidity.
Select one:
a. Coated tablets
b. Sealed ampules
Both a n b
Drug release directed toward isolating or concentrating a drug in a body region, tissue, or site of
absorption or for drug action.
Targeted release
Dulcolax™ tablet is
Enteric coated
Effervescent granulated salts usually contain
Sodium bicarbonate, potassium citrate and sodium tartrate
Efflorescent powders when triturated or stored in low humidity release
Water
Equipment used to facilitate levigation
Select one:
a. mortar and pestle
b. B and C
c. ointment tile and spatula
d. A and B
Fumed silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, stearic acid or talc are examples of
Glidants
In preparing vaginal inserts, the following excipients are used EXCEPT;
Coating agent
In selecting a flavorant, the age of the intended patient must be considered a tablet excipient that
causes adhesion of powder particles in tablet granulation
Binder
Increase amount of this capsule/tablet excipient reduces wetting of particles thus slowing dissolution
Lubricants
It is obtained by the partial hydrolysis of collagen obtained from the skin, white connective tissue, and
bones of animals.
Select one:
a. Gelatin
Levigation is used to reduce particle size and grittiness of the added powders in the small scale
preparations of which of the following dosage forms
Ointment
Liquid drugs such as Vit A, D and E are formulated as;
Soft gelatin capsules
Liquid used as an intervening agent to reduce the particle size of a powder by grinding, usually in a
mortar.
Select one:
a. Levigating agent
Lozenges usually do not contain the following tableting excipient
Select one:
a. Cross-linked povidone
Method for the determination of particle size
Select one:
a. Microscopy
b. Light scattering
c. All of the above
d. Sedimentation rate
e. Sieving
Normally how many % of water is contained in a hard gelatin capsule?
12-16
Physiologic factors that influence the bioavailability of oral drugs.
Select one:
a. All of the above
Powders disperse and dissolve more readily than compacted dosage forms because
Select one:
a. Have a greater surface area
Powders of vegetable and animal origin drugs defines as “all particles pass through a No. 80
sieve. There is no limit to greater fineness.”
Very fine
Prepared by compressing granular effervescent salts that release gas when in contact with water.
Dispensing tablets
Preservative used for soft gelatin capsules
Methylparaben
Site of sublingual route of administration
Select one:
a. Under the tongue
Solid dosage forms in which medicinal agents and/or inert substances are enclosed in a small shell of
gelatin.
Capsules
Tablet which has a smooth rapid disintegration when chewed or allowed to dissolved in the mouth has a
creamy base, usually of specially flavored and colored mannitol.
Chewable
The following are methods for determining particle size, EXCEPT
Dissolution
The gas evolved when effervescent powders dissolve in water is
Select one:
a. Carbon dioxide
The largest capsule size intended for human use.
000
The largest size of hard, empty capsule that can be swallowed is :
000
The rate of drug bioavailability is most rapid when the drug is formulated as a
Solution
These are fillers used to prepare tablets of the proper size and consistency
Select one:
a. Diluents
These are finely divided powders intended to be applied into a body cavity
Insufflation
These are flat, oval tablets designed to be dissolved under the tongue
Sublingual tablets
These are semisolid dosage forms that contain one or more drug substances intended to be applied
topically, EXCEPT
Powders
These are solid dosage forms which are designed to be inserted under the skin by special injectors or by
surgical incision.
Implant
These tablets contain sodium bicarbonate and an organic acid (ie. Tartaric or citric acid) in addition to
the drug substance
Effervescent tablets
This chemical agent is used to render capsules opaque
Select one:
a. Titanium dioxide
This chemical agent is used to render the capsule opaque:
a. Titanium dioxide
This dosage form is composed of dry aggregates of powder particles that may contain 1 or more active
ingredients, with or without other ingredients
Granules
This is a transparent, waterproof paper used for packaging divided powders that contain hygroscopic or
deliquescent materials
Wax paper
This is added to capsule formulations to assist the break up and distributionof the capsule’s contents in
the stomach.
Select one:
a. Disintegrants
This substance is added to soft gelatin capsule to render it elastic or plastic-like
Glycerin
This tablet is originally used by physician in extemporaneous preparation of parenteral solutions
Hypodermic Tablets
This type dosage form is designed to release the drug form at a time other than promptly after
administration.
Delayed-release
This type of dosage form allows a reduction in dosing frequency to that presented by a conventional
dosage form.
Extended release
To what type of modified release formulation enteric coated tablet belongs?
Delayed action
True statements about the function of excipients used in tablet formulation EXCEPT
Select one:
a. Lubricants help the patient to swallow the tablet
TRUE statements about the function of excipients used in tablet formulation EXCEPT;
Lubricants help the patient to swallow the tablet
TRUE statements regarding flavoring of pharmaceuticals include all of the following EXCEPT;
Children prefer less sweet with tart rather than a fruit flavor pharmaceutical
Uncoated, bullet or ovoid-shaped tablets intended for localized effect
Select one:
a. Vaginal tablet
Used in tablet and capsule formulations to improve flow properties of the powder mixture.
Tablet glidant
Used in tablet formulations to reduce friction during tablet compression.
Tablet lubricants
Used to determine the tablet’s durability
Select one:
a. Friability
Used to impart color to liquid and solid preparations.
Colotant
When preparing hard gelatin capsules, the formulator is not generally concerned with
Powder compaction
Which is a major advantage of powders and granules?
Select one:
a. They are more stable than liquid preparations
Which method of tablet manufacture can be used to combine two incompatible substance in the same
Enteric coated
Which of the following dosage forms must be left intact?
All
Which of the following factors does not influence the speed of drug dissolution from tablets?
Weight uniformity
Which of the following given is consider as example of a tonicity agent?
Sodium chloride
Which of the following inhalation powders is administered using a Diskhaler?
Anb
Which of the following is a characteristic of topical powders?
All
Which of the following is a troche?
Dequadin
Which of the following is NOT an antioxidant?
Benzoic acid
Which of the following is NOT correctly matched?
Select one:
a. Neozep – Multiple-compressed tablet
b. Bonamine – Chewable tablet
c. Nitrostat – Tablet for oral ingestion
d. Claritin Reditabs – Instant disintegrating tablet
e. Minidiab-OD – Extended-release tablet
Which of the following is TRUE for both deliquescent and hygroscopic powders?
Select one:
a. Both absorb moisture from the air
Which of the following products are not classified as dispensed powder and granules?
Select one:
a. Lozenges
Which statement is not true for rectal route of administration?
100% of drug absorbed bypass the liver
