Name:
Class: Date:
Chapter 01: Introduction
1. According to recent research, growing numbers of four-year colleges are not relying on the SAT test partly because
of
a. budget constraints.
b. diversity concerns.
c. reliability issues.
d. quality control.
ANSWER: b
2. Psychological tests
a. pertain only to overt behavior.
b. always have right or wrong answers.
c. do not attempt to measure traits.
d. measure characteristics of human behavior.
ANSWER: d
3. The specific stimulus on a test to which a person responds overtly is called a(n)
a. overt event.
b. answer.
c. item.
d. scale.
ANSWER: c
4. An individual test
a. involves a single examiner for two or more subjects.
b. involves only tests of human ability.
c. can be given to only one person at a time.
d. involves more than one examiner for a single subject.
ANSWER: c
5. A group test
a. can be given to multiple people by one examiner.
b. can be given to only three people at a time.
c. involves a group of examiners for a single subject.
d. involves only tests of human ability.
ANSWER: a
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Chapter 01: Introduction
6. Previous learning can best be described as
a. achievement.
b. aptitude.
c. intelligence.
d. ability.
ANSWER: a
7. The potential for learning a specific skill can best be described as
a. achievement.
b. aptitude.
c. intelligence.
d. ability.
ANSWER: b
8. One’s general potential, independent of prior learning, can best be described as
a. achievement.
b. aptitude.
c. intelligence.
d. ability.
ANSWER: c
9. Achievement, aptitude, and intelligence can be encompassed by the term
a. human potential.
b. human traits.
c. human personality.
d. human ability.
ANSWER: d
10. Structured personality tests
a. require you to produce something spontaneously.
b. require you to choose between two or more alternative responses.
c. involve an ambiguous test stimulus about which the response is structured.
d. involve an ambiguous test response.
ANSWER: b
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Chapter 01: Introduction
11. The main purpose of psychological testing is to evaluate
a. covert behavior.
b. individual differences.
c. personality traits.
d. overt behavior.
ANSWER: b
12. Projective personality tests
a. provide a statement, usually of the self-report variety.
b. require the subject to choose between two or more alternative responses.
c. are unstructured.
d. are structured.
ANSWER: c
13. Tests that measure an individual’s typical behavior are called
a. ability tests.
b. personality tests.
c. intelligence tests.
d. group tests.
ANSWER: b
14. Tests that provide a statement, usually of the self-report variety, and require the subject to choose between two or
more alternative responses, are called
a. group tests.
b. individual tests.
c. structured personality tests.
d. projective personality tests.
ANSWER: c
15. Personality tests in which the test stimulus and/or required response are ambiguous are called
a. projective personality tests.
b. structured personality tests.
c. individual personality tests.
d. achievement personality tests.
ANSWER: a
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Chapter 01: Introduction
16. Which of the following is true of tests?
a. Tests produce explicit data that are subject to scientific study.
b. Tests are successful in separating prior learning from potential for learning.
c. Very few tests can actually predict behavior.
d. Tests can provide insight into overt but not covert behavior.
ANSWER: a
17. Which of the following relates raw test scores to theoretical or empirical distributions?
a. Transforms
b. Reliability
c. Scales
d. Theories
ANSWER: c
18. The general potential to solve problems, adapt, and profit from experience is called
a. ability.
b. achievement.
c. prediction.
d. intelligence.
ANSWER: d
19. Which of the following is the most important function of testing?
a. To determine what sort of treatment or other intervention is appropriate
b. To develop accurate portraits of individuals
c. To discriminate among related constructs
d. To differentiate among individuals taking the test
ANSWER: d
20. When you gather information through verbal interaction, you are using a(n)
a. individual test.
b. interview.
c. group test.
d. brainstorming.
ANSWER: b
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Chapter 01: Introduction
21. If one can depend upon the results of a particular test to be consistently accurate, the test can be said to be
a. valid.
b. structured.
c. unambiguous.
d. reliable.
ANSWER: d
22. A test that yields dependable and consistent results is ____.
a. meaningful
b. objective
c. reliable
d. valid
ANSWER: c
23. The validity of a psychological test refers to its
a. dependability.
b. meaning.
c. objectivity.
d. fairness.
ANSWER: b
24. If a particular test “X” is designed to measure success in a particular job, and it is accurate and useful for that
purpose, then the test is said to be
a. valid.
b. structured.
c. ambiguous.
d. reliable.
ANSWER: a
25. Test administration refers to the
a. construction of the test.
b. validation of the test.
c. act of taking a test.
d. act of giving a test.
ANSWER: d
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26. What evolutionary constructs did Galton apply in his book Hereditary Genius?
a. Genetics and epigenetics
b. Survival of the fittest and individual differences
c. Random differences and population variation
d. Evolution and selective breeding
ANSWER: b
27. The origins of testing can be traced to
a. Egypt.
b. England.
c. China.
d. Russia.
ANSWER: c
28. The use of test batteries was common by the time of the
a. Ling Dynasty.
b. Han Dynasty.
c. Tam Dynasty.
d. Nam Dynasty.
ANSWER: b
29. Two or more tests that are given together and relate seemingly diverse topics are called
a. structured.
b. unstructured.
c. batteries.
d. portfolios.
ANSWER: c
30. Sir Francis Galton set out to show
a. that some humans possessed characteristics that made them more fit than other humans.
b. that humans did not differ significantly from each other.
c. that life evolved on this planet partially because of individual differences among individual forms of life within a
species or type of animal.
d. that the concept of survival of the fittest was essentially incorrect.
ANSWER: a
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Chapter 01: Introduction
31. The term mental test was coined by
a. Charles Darwin.
b. Sir Francis Galton.
c. Alfred Binet.
d. James M. Cattell.
ANSWER: d
32. The work of Weber and Fechner represents which foundation of psychological testing?
a. Individual differences
b. Psychophysical measurement
c. Survival of the fittest
d. Darwinian evolution
ANSWER: b
33. Which of the following scientists is credited with founding the science of psychology?
a. Herbart
b. Wundt
c. Weber
d. Cattell
ANSWER: b
34. The first version of the Binet-Simon scale was published in
a. 1896.
b. 1905.
c. 1908.
d. 1911.
ANSWER: b
35. Which test represented a major breakthrough in the measurement of cognitive ability?
a. Binet-Simon Scale
b. Sequin Form Board Test
c. Strong Vocational Interest Bank
d. Carnegie Interest Inventory
ANSWER: a
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36. It is important to obtain a standardization sample
a. to prevent bias in the development and scoring of the test.
b. to provide a reference sample to which the results of a new subject can be compared.
c. to separate the intellectually subnormal from the normal individual.
d. to ensure the representativeness of a sample.
ANSWER: b
37. The first intelligence tests were developed for the purpose of
a. identifying gifted children.
b. finding the most suitable candidates for the U.S. Army.
c. measuring emotional instability.
d. identifying intellectually subnormal individuals.
ANSWER: d
38. In order to establish norms, a large group of people is being given a test under the same conditions in which the test
will actually be used. This group is called a(n) ____ group.
a. reliability
b. standardization
c. random
d. experimental
ANSWER: b
39. A standardization sample is representative if the sample
a. has been subjected to rigorous experimental control.
b. consists of individuals who are similar to the group to be tested.
c. consists of a great many individuals.
d. is administered in the same way as the actual test group will be.
ANSWER: b
40. When a test is administered to the general population, norms should be established using a representative sample that
a. has been administered the test under standard conditions.
b. has been chosen in a completely random fashion.
c. represents all segments of the population in proportion to their numbers.
d. is comprised of a great many individuals.
ANSWER: c
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Chapter 01: Introduction
41. Administering a test with precisely the same instructions and format is giving it under
a. normative conditions.
b. standard conditions.
c. facilitative conditions.
d. group administration.
ANSWER: b
42. Dr. Johnson is trying to establish norms for his new test. He determined that 50% of the people in the population are
Hispanic, 20% are Caucasian, 15% are Asian, and 15% are African American. He uses the same proportions when
he creates a
a. valid test.
b. representative sample.
c. random sample.
d. test population.
ANSWER: b
43. The successful revision of the Stanford-Binet intelligence scale for use in the United States was developed by
a. A. Binet.
b. T. Simon.
c. A. Binet and T. Simon.
d. L. M. Terman.
ANSWER: d
44. The concept of mental age was introduced in
a. 1905.
b. 1908.
c. 1911.
d. 1916.
ANSWER: b
45. Eight-year-old Daniel was administered the Binet-Simon Scale, and the results suggested that he was functioning at
the same level as an average senior in high school. This is an example of a(n)
a. outcome measure.
b. mental age scale.
c. restandardization.
d. norm.
ANSWER: b
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Chapter 01: Introduction
46. A child’s mental age
a. cannot be determined independently of the child’s chronological age.
b. provides a measurement of a child’s performance relative to other children of a particular age group.
c. cannot be determined from a child’s test score.
d. can only be determined from large representative samples.
ANSWER: b
47. The use of standardized tests after World War I culminated with the publication of the
a. Stanford Binet Test.
b. Stanford Achievement Test.
c. Army Beta.
d. Army Alpha.
ANSWER: b
48. The first group tests of human abilities were developed for
a. screening intellectually subnormal schoolchildren.
b. selecting soldiers to fight for the United States in World War I.
c. selecting pilots for advanced training in World War II.
d. evaluating which students should be admitted to public universities.
ANSWER: b
49. Which of the following is a group test of human ability for an adult that does NOT require the subject to be literate?
a. Army Alpha
b. Sequin Form Board
c. Army Beta
d. Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale
ANSWER: c
50. Robert Yerkes led the team of psychologists that developed the
a. Army Alpha and Army Beta.
b. Seguin Form Board.
c. Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale.
d. Yerkes Personal Data Sheet.
ANSWER: a
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Chapter 01: Introduction
51. Which of the following tests produced both a verbal and a performance IQ?
a. Terman’s Stanford-Binet
b. The 1908 Binet-Simon Scale
c. The Army Beta
d. The Wechsler-Bellevue Scale
ANSWER: d
52. A trait is ____.
a. dependent upon the situation
b. defined as the motivating force behind behavior
c. strongly impacted by changes in the environment
d. an enduring disposition that distinguishes one individual from another
ANSWER: d
53. The first structured personality test was the
a. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory.
b. Woodworth Personal Data Sheet.
c. Thematic Apperception Test.
d. 16 Personality Factors test.
ANSWER: b
54. A major problem with the Woodworth Personal Data Sheet was that
a. it assumed the answers were acceptable at face value.
b. the normative sample was too small.
c. it was difficult to administer.
d. there were too few questions.
ANSWER: a
55. Structured personality tests became unpopular in the 1930s and 1940s because they
a. were difficult to administer.
b. were too subjective.
c. were not standardized.
d. relied on the face value of responses.
ANSWER: d
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Chapter 01: Introduction
56. Which of the following is an example of a trait?
a. Depression
b. Fear
c. Pessimism
d. Anger
ANSWER: c
57. The Rorschach was introduced into the United States by
a. Henry Murray.
b. Herman Rorschach.
c. Sam Beck.
d. David Levy.
ANSWER: d
58. The Rorschach presents ambiguous stimuli to an individual who then provides his or her own personal interpretation.
This is an example of what kind of test?
a. Structured
b. Projective
c. Intelligence
d. Abilities
ANSWER: b
59. Who is associated with the development of the TAT?
a. Murray & Morgan
b. Terman & Binet
c. Levy & Beck
d. Morgan & Beck
ANSWER: a
60. Which of the following are both projective tests?
a. The Rorschach and the MMPI
b. The Rorschach and the TAT
c. The Rorschach and the Woodworth Personal Data Sheet
d. The TAT and MMPI
ANSWER: b
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Chapter 01: Introduction
61. Which of the following tests is purported to measure human needs?
a. 16PF
b. TAT
c. MMPI
d. Rorschach
ANSWER: b
62. Who developed the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire?
a. J. R. Guilford
b. R. B. Cattell
c. L. L. Thurstone
d. Sam Beck
ANSWER: b
63. The first attempt to apply factor analytic techniques to test construction was made by
a. Sam Beck.
b. R. B. Cattell.
c. Henry Murray.
d. J. R. Guilford.
ANSWER: d
64. A method for finding the minimum number of dimensions to account for a large number of variables is called
a. correlational analysis.
b. multiple regression.
c. factor analysis.
d. analysis of variance.
ANSWER: c
65. Factor analytic techniques were employed in the development of the
a. MMPI.
b. CPI.
c. TAT.
d. 16PF.
ANSWER: d
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Chapter 01: Introduction
66. The Shakow report emphasized that
a. most personality tests were invalid.
b. IQ tests should not be used to place children in special classes.
c. testing is a unique function of clinical psychologists.
d. all tests must have normative samples.
ANSWER: c
67. By 1949, formal university training standards led to the birth of
a. factor analysis.
b. clinical psychology.
c. the MMPI.
d. psychological tests.
ANSWER: b
68. The most widely used and referenced personality test is the
a. MMPI.
b. TAT.
c. Rorschach.
d. Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale.
ANSWER: a
69. Today, psychological testing
a. is regarded as having little room for improvement.
b. remains one of the most important yet controversial issues.
c. is mostly ignored because insurance companies will not pay for it.
d. is losing its credibility.
ANSWER: b
70. Which individual developed tests to evaluate persons with emotional impairments?
a. Galton
b. Seguin
c. Kraepelin
d. Weber
ANSWER: c
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Chapter 01: Introduction
71. Which of the following contributed to the popularity of standardized achievement tests?
a. Their objectivity and ease of administration and scoring
b. Their ability to measure learning independently of intelligence
c. Their relationship to objective measures of neurological functioning
d. Their importance to psychological theories
ANSWER: a
72. Which of the following is one criticism of early personality tests?
a. The tests made too few assumptions about the meaning of a test response.
b. The questions were too complex to grade objectively.
c. The tests did not accurately reflect modern testing theories.
d. The test taker and the test administrator may have different interpretations of the questions.
ANSWER: d
73. Which of the following tests was developed based on the idea that empirical research would help determine the
meaning of each response?
a. TAT
b. MMPI
c. 16PF
d. CPI
ANSWER: b
74. In what settings are psychological tests most likely to be found today? What role does psychological testing play in
contemporary society and how has this role changed since the inception of testing?
ANSWER: Answer not provided.
75. Trace the rise and fall of testing in the last century. Make note of significant historical events that played a part in the
development of testing as a major field.
ANSWER: Answer not provided.
76. Describe the difference between measuring traits and state. Give examples of each from your life experience.
ANSWER: Answer not provided.
77. Describe the evolution of intelligence testing. What was the original purpose of intelligence testing and how is it used
now? How has the modern cultural context influenced intelligence testing?
ANSWER: Answer not provided.
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Chapter 01: Introduction
78. Which of the following is NOT a group that standardized tests tend to disadvantage?
a. Women
b. Students from low-income households
c. Younger students
d. Ethnic minorities
ANSWER: c
79. Understanding concepts such as reliability, validity, item analysis, and test construction requires careful study and
knowledge of
a. psychology.
b. the history of testing.
c. test administration.
d. statistics.
ANSWER: d
80. _______ is always associated with a sampling process.
a. Randomization
b. Error
c. Factor analysis
d. Testing
ANSWER: b
81. These types of tests contain items that can be scored in terms of speed, accuracy, or both.
a. Ability tests
b. Personality tests
c. Structured personality tests
d. Individual tests
ANSWER: a
82. All of the following are types of ability tests EXCEPT for
a. achievement tests.
b. aptitude tests.
c. personality tests.
d. intelligence tests.
ANSWER: c
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Chapter 01: Introduction
83. Which of the following is a method for collecting data that complement test results?
a. The interview
b. The Rorschach
c. Test batteries
d. Standardization
ANSWER: a
84. In 1883, the U.S. government established this commission to develop and administer competitive examinations for
certain government jobs:
a. American Educational Testing Commission
b. American Civil Service Commission
c. Federal Employment Screening Commission
d. Federal Employment Selection Commission
ANSWER: b
85. Whose mathematical models of the mind strongly influenced 19th-century educational practices?
a. G. T. Fechner
b. E. H. Weber
c. G. Whipple
d. J. E. Herbart
ANSWER: d
86. Explain why just knowing the percentage of correct items on a test can be misleading for understanding a
participant’s performance. How have psychologists dealt with these issues of interpretation?
ANSWER: Answer not provided.
87. Explain how we came to understand the concept of individual differences. Which major scientists and publications
originally theorized about this concept?
ANSWER: Answer not provided.
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