SSC-JE Staff Selection Commission Junior Engineer Civil Engineering Topicwise Objective Solved Questions Previous Years Solved Papers : 2007-2021 Also useful for RRB-JE Mains as well as various public sector examinations and other competitive examinations Publications www.madeeasypublications.orgR= MADE EASY Publications Pvt. Ltd. Corporate Office: 44-A/4, Kalu Sarai (Near Hauz Khas Moto lation), New Delhi-110016 E-mail: nfomep@madeeasy:n Contact: 011-45124660, 08860378007 Visitus at waww.madecasypublications.org SSCJE : Civil Engineering Previous Years’ Solved Papers Copyright © by MADE EASY Publications Pvt. Lic. Allright ara reserved, Na pat af this pubiealon may be reprodu system, oF tansmited in any frm oF by any means (electron, mecnanieal, photo-conying, recarding oF otherwise), without the prior writen permission of the above mentioned publisher of ths book stored in or introduced ino reeval First dition. 2019 Second Edition: 2020 ‘Third Edition: 2021 MADE EASY PUBLICATIONS Pit Ld, has ake de ore in collect ng the dat and roving the alan, before pulsing his oc Insp fths, any naccuracyorponting err accu then WADE EASY PUBLICATIONS cies norespenilty MADE EASY PUBLICATIONS wil be gates you could point at any such era Your uggestons wil eapprected © gts resered by MADE EASY PUBLICATIONS Ho pr of his book maybe repressor tae nay farm without the ven perisan rm the publ,Preface ‘Staff election Commission Junior Engineer has always been preferred by Engineers due to job stability. SSC-Junior Engineer examination is conducted every year. MADE EASY team has deeply analyzed the previous exam papers and observed that a good percentage of questions are repetitive in nature, therefore itis advisable to solve previous years papers before a candidate takes the exam, B. Singh (ix IES) ‘The SSCJE exam is conducted in two stages as shown in table given below. Papers Subject Maximum Marks | Duration Stage (0) Genera intelligence & Reasoning 50 Marks 2hours Papert: Objective type (i) General Awareness 50 Macks (i) General Engineering Civil 100 Marks Stage General Engineering = Civil 300 Marks 2hours Paper tl: Conventional Type rmeritlist gets prepared. "Note: in Paper every question carry one mark and there is negative marking of 4 marks for every wrong answer Candidates shortlisted in tage 1 are called for Stage 2. On the basis of combined score in Stage 1 and Stage 2, final MADE EASY has taken due care to provide complete solution with accuracy. Apart from Staff Selection Commission Junior Engineer, this book i also usefl for Public Sector Examinations and other competitive examinations for engineering graduates, Ihave true desir to serve student community by providing good source of study and quality guidance. Any suggestion {rom the readers for improvement of this book is most welcome. B. Singh (Ex. IES) Chairman and Managing Ditector MADE EASY GroupSyllabus of Engineering Subjects (For both Objective and Conventional Type Papers) Civil Engineering quarrying of materials e.g. building stones, silicate based materials, Cement (Portland), Asbestos products, Iding Materials : Physical and Chemical properties, Classification, Standard Tests, Uses and manufacture/ Timber and Wood based Products, Laminates, bituminous materials, Paints, Varnishes. Estimating, Costing and Valuation : Estimate, Glossary of technical terms, Analysis of rates, Methods and unit ‘of measurement, Items of work - Earthwork, Brick work (Modular & Traditional bricks), RCC work, Shuttering, Timber work, Painting, Flooring, Plastering, Boundary wall Brick building, Water Tank, Septic tank, Bar bending schedule, Centr ine method, Mid-section formula, Trapezodia formula, Simpson‘: rule. Cost estimate of Septic tank, flexible pavements, Tube well isolated and combined footings, Stee! Truss, Piles and pile-caps. Valuation Value and cost, scrap value, salvage value, assessed value, sinking fund, depreciation and obsolescence, methods of valuation, Surveying: Principles of surveying, measurement of distance, chain surveying, working of prismatic compass, compass traversing, bearings, local attraction, plane table surveying, theodolite traversing, adjustment of theodolite, Levelling, Definition of terms used in levelling, contouring, curvature and refraction corrections, temporary and permanent adjustments of dumpy level, methods of contouring, uses of contour map, tachometric survey, curve setting, earth work calculation, advanced surveying equipment, Soil Mechanics: Origin of soil, phase diagram, Definitions- void ratio, porosity, degree of saturation, water content, specific gravity of sol grains, unit weights, density index and interrelationship of different parameters, Grain size distribution curves and their uses, Index properties of soils, Atterberg’slimits,|SI sol classification and plasticity chart. Permeability of soil, coefficient of permeability, determination of coefficient of permeability, Unconfined and confined aquifers, effective stress, quick sand, consolidation of soils, Principles of consolidation, degree of consolidation, pre-consolidation pressure, normally consolidated soil, e-log p curve, computation of ultimate settlement, Shear strength of soils, direct shear test, Vane shear test, Tiaxial test. Soil compaction, Laboratory compaction test, Maximum dry density and optimum moisture content, earth pressure theories, active and passive earth pressures, Bearing capacity of sols, pate load test, standard penetration test Hydraul through pipes, low in open channels, weirs, flumes, pillways, pumps and turbines. luid properties, hydrostatics, measurements of flow, Bernoulli theorem and its application, flow Irrigation Engineerin: efinition, Necessity, Benefits Il effects of irrigation, types and methods of irrigation, Hydrology - Measurement of rainfall, run off coefficient, rain gauge, losses from precipitation evaporation, infiltration, ete, Water requirement of crops, duty, delta and base period, Khar and Rabi Crops, Command area, Time factor, Crop ratio, Overlap allowance, Irigation efficiencies. Different type of canals, types of canal irrigation, loss of water in canals. Canal lining ~ types and advantages. Shallow and deep to wells, yield froma well. Weir and barrage, Failure of weits and permeable foundation, Slit and Scour, Kennedy's theory of critical velocity, Lacey's theory of uniform flow. Definition of flood, causes and effects, methods of load control, water logging, preventive measures. Land reclamation, Characteristics of affecting fertility of sols, purposes,methods, description of land and reclamation processes. Major irrigation projects in India, w‘Transportation Engineering : Highway Engineering ~ cross sectional elements, geometric design, ‘types of pavements, pavement materials - aggregates and bitumen, different tests, Design of flexible and rigid pavements - Water Bound Macadam (WEM) and Wet Mix Macadam (WMM), Gravel Road, Bituminous construction, Rigid pavement joint, pavement maintenance, Highway drainage. Railway Engineering ~ Components of permanent way - sleepers, ballast, fixtures and fastening, track geometry, points and crossings, track junction, stations and yards. Traffic Engineering ~ Different traffic survey, speed. flow-density and their interrelationships, intersections and interchanges, traffic signals, traffic operation, traffic signs and markings, road safety. Environmental Engineering: Quality of water, source of water supply, purification of water, distribution of water, need of sanitation, sewerage systems, circular sewer, oval sewer, sewer appurtenances, sewage treatments. Surface water drainage. Solid waste management - types, effects, engineered, management system. Air pollution ~ pollutants, causes, effects, control. Noise pollution ~ causes, health effects, control Structural Engineering ‘Theory of structures: Elasticity constants, types of beams - determinate and indeterminate, bending moment and shear force diagrams of simply supported, cantilever and over hanging beams. Moment of area and moment of inertia for rectangular & circular sections, bending moment and shear stress, for tee, channel and compound sections, chimneys, dams and retaining walls, eccentric loads, slope deflection of simply supported and cantilever beams, critical load and columns, Torsion of circular section, Concrete Technology: Properties, Advantages and uses of concrete, cement aggregates, importance cof water quality, water cement ratio, workability, mix design, storage, batching, mixing, placement, compaction, finishing and curing of concrete, quality control of concrete, hot weather and cold weather, concreting, repair and maintenance of concrete structures. RCC Design: RCC beams-flexural strength, shear strength, bond strength, design of singly reinforced and doubly reinforced beams, cantilever beams. T-beams, lintels. One way and two way slabs, isolated footings. Reinforced brick works, columns, staircases, retaining walls, water tanks (RCC design questions may be based on both Limit State and Working Stress methods) Steel Design: Steel design and construction of steel columns, beams roof trusses plate girders. wi)Contents Civil Engineering Objective Solved Papers Chapter 1 Building Materials........... 1 Brie 1 2. Stones 6 3. Timbers 10 4. Cement & Lime 14 5. Concrete Technology. 3 6 Paints 56 7. Miscellaneous. 58 Chapter 2 Estimating, Costing and Valuation.....161 1.Estimates 161 2. Rate Analysis, Valuation and Miscellaneous 174 Chapter 3 Surveying se 1. Fundamental Concepts of Surveying 223 2. Theodolites, Compass and Traverse Surveying ...232 3. Leveling and Contouring, Plane Table Surveying 261 4. Tacheometric Curve & Hydrographic Surveying. 268 5. Miscellaneous 251 Chapter 4 Soil Mechanics .. 1. Properties, Classification of Soils & Permeability, Seepage Analysis, 207 wid 2. Consolidation and Compaction, stress dstibution, 309 3, Shear Strength, Earth Pressure Theory, Stablity Analysis of Slopes, Soil Stablization and Exploration a 4, Foundation Engineering a5 Chapter 5 Hydraulics... 1. Fluid Properties, Hydrostatic Forces 349 2. Fluid Kinematics and Dynamics & Flow Measurements 359 3. low Through Pipes and Dimensional Analysis... 366 4. Open Channel Flow. 372 5. Hydraulic Machinery 376 Chapter 6 Irrigation Engineering. 426 1, Water Requirement of Crops. 426 2, Hydraulics Structures an 3, Hydrology and Miscellaneous 437 Chapter 7 Transportation Engineering... 1 Highway Geometric Design & Planning2. Traffic Engineering 465 3. Highway Materials Pavement Design and Maintenance 467 4. allways, Airport and Tunnel an Chapter 8 Environmental Engineering..............497 1. Water Demand ts Source and Conveyance. 497 2. Quality Conta of Water Supply and Water Treatment 499 3. Design of Sever, Qualty and Characteristes of sewage 504 4, Treatment and Disposing of Sewage 508 5. Airand Sound Pollution 509 Chapter 9 Strength of Materials/ Theory of Structures..nincnienne S34 1. Properties of Materials Stes Strain 544 2. Shear Force and Bending Moment. 542 3. Principal Stress and Principal Stain 54 4, Bending and Shear Stresses 550 5. Deflection of Beams 556 6, Torsion of shafts an Pressure Vessels 560 7, Theory of Columns and Shear Cente 563 8. Miscellaneous 566 Chapter 10 RCC Desigh essere 1. Working Stes & Limit State Method ost 2. Shear Torsion, Bond, Anchorage and Development Length on 3. Footing, Columns, Beams and Siabs. ome 4, Miscellaneous. 691 Chapter 11 Steel Design vce T50 1. Structural Fasteners 750 2. Tension, Compression and Flexural Member... 756 3, Plate Girders an Industrial Roofs 765 4, Miscellaneous. 787 wit)CHAPTER 1.3 14 15 16 Clay and silt content in a good brick earth must be at least (a) 20% (c) 35% (b) 50% (d) 70% [SSC-VE : 2007] The standard size of a masonry brick is (a) 18cm x 8emx Bem (©) 19m x 9em x 9.6m (©) 20emx 10 (@) 21. emx 11 omx 11. em em x 106m [SSC-JE : 2008] Crushing strength of fist class bricks should not be less than (@) 35 kalom? (6) 100 kg/cm? (©) 7okgiem? (@) 150 kgfem? [SSC-E ; 2009] The size of modular bricks are (a) 20x 10x 9m (0) 19x9x9em (6) 225 x 10x85 em (d) 22.5 x 8.0x9em [SSC-E : 2010] King closers are related to (@) doors and windows. (b) king post truss (c) queen post truss (d) brick masonary [SSC - JE : 2011] he water absorption for good brick should not bemore than (@) 10 % of its dry weight (©) 15% of ts dry weight (6) 10% of its saturated weight (d) 18% ofits saturated weight [SSC - JE : 2012] 17 18 19 Paper - 1: Objective Building Materials Clay bricks are made of earth having (@) Nearly equal proportion of slica and alumina (b) Nearly equal proportions of alumina silica (¢) 35-70% silica and 10 - 20% alumina (d) 10-20% silica and 35 ~ 70% alumina. [sSc - JE: 2012] The plasticity to mould bricks in suitable shape is contributed by (@) Alumina (©) Magnesia (©) Lime (A) Silica [SSC : JE: 2013] The crushing strength of a first class brick is (@) 3Nimm? (b) 55Nimm? (©) 10.5Nimm? ——(¢) 7.5 Nimm? [SSC - JE: 2013] Strength based classification of brick is made on the basis of (@) IS: 3101 (©) IS: 3495 (b) 1S: 3102, (d) IS: 3496 [SSC - JE (Forenoon) : 2014] Water absorption of class I brick after 24 hours cof immersion in water should not exceed __of self weight (a) 25% (b) 18% (©) 20% (a) 22% [SSC - JE (Afternoon) : 2014] The compressive strength of common building bricks should not be less than (a) 35 Nimm? — (b) 55. Nimm? (6) 7.5 Nimm? (a) 10.8. Nimm? [SSC-JE : 2015] The number of standard bricks in one cubic metre of brick masonry is (@) 300 (b) 500 (©) 700 (a) 1000 [SSC-VE : 2015]21 SSCJE_+ Topicwise Previous Solved Papers MADE EASY 1.14 The standard size of a masonry brick is 1.22 A orick masonry could fail due to (a) 18emx8omx8om (@) Rupture along a vertical joint n poorly bonded (©) 18.emx9emx9.em walls (©) 190mx9emx9.em (6) Shearing along ahorizontal plane (@) 19emx8.cmx8 em (©) Crushing due to overloading [SSC-VE : 2015] (6) Any of these 1.15 The indentation provided in the face of the brick [SSC - JE (Forenoon) : 2.3.2017] is called 1.23. Which of the following statements is correct? (@) frog (©) pallet (@) Excess of aluminaiin the clay makes the brick (© strike (a) None of the those britlo and woah [SSC - JE (Forenoon) 13.2017] (b) Excess of alumina inthe clay makes the brick 1.16 A layer of dry bricks put below the foundation crack and warp on drying, concrete, in the case of soft soils, is called () Excess of alumina in the clay leaves high (@) soling (0) shoring power depositon the brick. (©) DPC (d) None of these (@) Excess of alumina in the clay improves [SSC - JE (Forencon) 1.3.2017] impermeabilty and durability ofthe brick 1.17 Hollow bricks are generally used with the [SSC - JE (Forenoon) : 2.3.2017] purpose of 1.24. The portion ofthe brick without a triangular corner (@) reducing the cost of construction is equal tohalf the width and half ofthe length is. (b) providing insulation against heat called. (6) increasing the bearing area (@) Cioser (b) queen closer (2) omamental ook (©) King closer (a) squint brick ISSC - JE (Afternoon) 1.3.2017] [SSC - JE (Afternoon) 2.3.2017] 1-18 The shape of the brick gots deformed dus (© 4.28. Whena brickiscutinto wo halves ongitudinaly, rain water faling on hol brick, This defect is one pavtis calle known as, O chats © boating (@) king closer (b) comice brick () nodules {d) lamination © seen ° UE (porenon ) 33.2017] [SSC - JE (Afternoon) 1.3.2017] ~ ¥E (Ferenoon) 8.8. 1.19. The operation of removal of impurities of clay 1-26 The red colour obtained by the bricks is due to adhering to iron ore is known as om ‘esence of oan @) calcination o) purification () lime silos Gaeong (anne (@) manganese (2) onoxie [SSC - JE (Afternoon) 1.3.2017] [SSC - JE (Forenoon) 3.3.2017] 4.20 The number of bricks required per cubic metre 1-27 The brick work is measured in square metre, in of brick masonry is, case ot (@) 480 (©) 500 (@) Honey comb brick work (©) 820 (a) 540 (6) Brick flat soling ISSC - JE (Afternoon) 1.3.2017] (6) Half brick walls or the partition 4) Alloptions are correct 1.21 The standard size of brick as per Indian (©) Alop slandards is (a) 20cm x 1.6m x 10 em (b) 23 em x 120m x Bem (©) 19cm x 90m x 90m (d) 18emx 9emx9em [SSC - JE (Forencon) : 2.3.2017] 1.28 [SSC - JE (Forenoon) 3.3.2017] Brick walls are measured in square metre if the thickness of the wall is (@) 100m (b) 15cm (©) 200m (2) None of these [SSC - JE (Forenoon) 3.3.2017]ci Engineering Paper-I : Objective © Building Materials 3 1.29 1.30 1.31 1.32 1.33 1.34 1.35 1.36 Which of the following is good for making the bricks? (@) Silted soil (©) Soil (©) Weathered clay (d) None of these [SSC - JE (Afternoon) 3.3.2017] The process of mixing clay, water and other ingredients to make bricks is known as (a) Tempering (b) Kneading (©) Pugging (d) Moulding [SSC - JE (Afternoon) 3.3.2017] Excess of silica in the clay. (a) makes the bbrick brittle and weak (b) makes the brick crack and warp on drying (©) changes the colour of the brick from red to yellow (d) improves the impermeabilty and durability of the brick ISSC - JE (Afternoon) 3.3.2017] The term frog means, (a) an apparatus to lift the stone (b) a depression on a face of brick (6) vertical joint in a brick work (d) soaking brick in water [SSC - JE (Forenoon) 4.3.2017] The minimum compressive strength of 2nd class bricks should be (@) 70kglem? (b) 90 kg/m? (6) 100kgiem? ——(@) 120 kg/cm? ISSC - JE (Forenoon) 4.3.2017] ‘A pug mill is used for (@) softening brick earth (©) moulding brick earth (6) tempering brick earth (2) providing brick earth ISSC - JE (Forenoon) 4.3.2017] A bull nose biick is not used for. (a) rounding off sharp corners (©) pilars (c) decoration purpose (@) arches [SSC - JE (Forenoon) 4.3.2017] The defect thatis caused by falling of rain water on the hot surfaces of the bricks is known as (@) bloating (6) cracks (©) chutfs (2) lamination [SSC-VE : (Evening) 22.01.2018] 1.37 1.38 1.39 1.40 1.41 1.42 1.43 1.44 Which one of the following brick is suitable for the high-class brick masonry? (@) Bull nose bricks (b) Jhumb bricks (©) Modular bricks (d) Under burt bricks [SSC-JE : (Morning) 23.1.2018] Which of the following is the correct reason for soaking the brick in water before its use? (@) For preventing adsorption of moisture from mortar by bricks (b) For reducing air void (c) Forreducing efflorescence (qd) For cleaning [SSC-YE : (Morning) 23.1.2018] Refractory bricks are generally used to resist (@) chemical action (b) dampness: (c) high temperature (d) weathering action [SSC-E : (Morning) 23.1.2018] In the composition of good bricks, the total content of silt and clay, by weight, should not be less than (@) 20% (c) 50% (b) 30% (d) 75% [SSC-JE : (Morning) 23.1.2018] Whatis the percentage contentotsiicaina good quality brick earth? (@) 20-20% (@) 40-50% (b) 30-40% (6) 50-60% [SSC-VE : (Evening) 23.1.2018] Which of the following defect appears due to presence of alkalies in the bricks? (@) Bloating (©) Black core (6) Cracks (d) Etflorescence [SSC-VE : (Afternoon) 24.01.2018] What is the actual size (mm) of the standard modular brick as per Indian Standards? (@) 1909090 (b) 200x 90x 90 (©) 200 100 x 100 (d) 229 14x76 [SSC-JE : (Afternoon) 24.01.2018] In which of the following process, pug mill is used? (@) Burning of bricks (b) Drying of bricks (©) Moulding of clay (a) Preparation of clay [SSC-E : (Morning) 25.01.2018]4 | SSCJE_+ _Topicwise Previous Solved Papers MADE EASY 1.45 Which of the following is the main reason to 1.63 Howmany bricks are required for 1 cubic meter provide frog in the bricks? of ick masonry work? (@) Print manufacturers name (a) 300 {b) 500 {b) Form keyed joint between brick and mortar (e) 1000 (6) 1500 (©) Improve thermal insulation [SSC-UE : (Morning) 29.01.2018] (d) Reduce the weight of brick [SSC-JE: (Morning) 25.01.2018] 1.64. Which of the following mineral is responsibie for in bricks? 1.46 Which ofthe following represents the nominal teen ee size (mm) of amodular brick? {@) Ironoxide ——_{) Lime {@) 100 x 100x100 (b) 100% 10050 (©) Magnesia (@) Silica (©) 200% 100 x 100_() 200. 200 x 100 [SSC-UE : (Morning) 29.01.2018] [SSC-E: (Morning) 26.01.2018] 4.55 Tempering is the process used in the 1.47 Calculate the number of bricks required for manufacturing ot 5 cubic metre brick wall? (@) bricks {o) bitumen (a) 280 (b) 600 (©) coment (6) paints (©) 1800 (@) 2500 [SSC-E : (Evening) 29.01.2018] [SSC-VE : (Morning) 25.01.2018] 1.86. Which of the following is bumnt in the Hoffman's 1.48. What is the thickness of one an hat brick wall kin during the process of manutacturna? made up of standard modular brick? @ Buren Bike (@ @ (0) 20 on (9 9 (©) Clinker (2) Varnishes ISSC-JE : (Morning) 25.01.2018] [SSC-E : (Evening) 29.01.2018] 4.49. Which of the following is the most important 1-87 Watorabsorption for class A type of roo ties is ccharactoristic of the alumina in tho brick earth? (@) 14%-19% (b) 20%-24% (@) Maintain plasticity (©) 26%-29% (a) 4%9% (b) Increase strength of bricks [SSC-E : (Afternoon) 23.9.2019] (©) Tomanutacture impermeable bricks (@) Reduce wrapping when heated 1.88. Tho dimensions for special shapo of clay bricks [SSC-VE : (Morning) 27.01.2018] are givenin , tae (@) 1S 1464-1969 (b) IS 9951-1975 a eeaieso pal stenrdmaauer wie (©) ISs4s1-1966 (a) 16165-1971 eo ‘) 10 [SSC-E : (Afternoon) 28.9.2019] a (@) 40 1.89. Good brick earth should contain of [SSC-VE : (Morning) 27.01.2018] Alumina, 1.81. What isthe thickness (inches) ofthe one brick (@) 35% -40% (bo) 20% -30% wall made up of traditional brick? (©) 15% (6) 9%- 10% @e (b) 10 [SSC-JE : (Afternoon) 28.9.2019] © % (@) 2 , ; , [SSC-UE: (Evening) 27.01.2018] 1-60 When the deposits of orescence is more than 10 per cent but less than 50 percent of the 1.82. Ettlorescence in bricks is caused due to__ (@) excessive burning of bricks (b) high content of silt in brick clay (¢) high porosity of the bricks (d) present of soluble salt in parent clay [SSC-UE : (Morning) 29.01.2018] exposed areas of brick, the presence of efflorescence is classified as: (@) Sight (b) Moderate (0) Heavy (a) Serious ISSC-E : (Forenoon) 25.9.2019]ci Engineering Paper-I : Objective © Building Materials 5 1.61 1.62 1.63 1.64 1.65 1.66 1.67 Identity the name of the shape of brick shown in the given figure: (@) Cant (©) Queen closure (©) Bullnosed —_(d) King closure [SSC-JE : (Forenoon) 25.9.2019] The Size of a standard modular building brick without mortar as per IS code 1077-1992: (a) 20% 10x 10m (b) 19x9x9em (c) 22x 10x90m (d) 21x9x4em [SSC-JE : (Evening) 28.10.2020] What should be the upper limit of water absorption of a burnt clay building brick, up to class 12.5 as per IS 1077-1992, when immersed in cold water for a duration of 24 hours? (2) 20% of its dry volume (©) 30% of its dry volume (6) 20% of its dry weight (d) 30% of its dry weight [SSC-VE : (Evening) 28.10.2020] The minimum average compressive strength of common burnt clay brick of class 3.5, as per IS 1077 : 1992, is: (a) 3.5Niom? (b) 3.5 Nimm? (©) 3.5kg/om* (d) 3.5 kgimm* [SSC-JE : (Forencon) 30.10.2020] The unit of measurement fora half brick wall is: (@) squaremetie —_(b) cubic metre (c) metre (d) cubic foot [SSC-JE : (Forenoon) 30.10.2020] The defect in which white patches appear on a brick surface is known as: (@) efflorescence —_(b) spots (6) bloating (A) blisters, ISSC-UE : (Forenoon) 30.10.2020] Which of the following ingredients imparts red colour tothe clay bricks? (@ Silica (6) Iron Oxide (©) Lime (2) Aluminium [SSC-JE ; (Forenoon) 30.10.2020] 1.89 According to IS 1077-1992 1.68 Consider the given statements with respect to Unburt or sun dried bricks, (a) Unbumt or sun dried bricks can be used only in the construction of temporary and cheap structures. (b) Unburnt or sun dried bricks should NOT be Used at the places exposed to heavy rains, Identity the correct statements (a) Both the statements are true, (b) Both the statements are false (6) Statement ais false and statement bis true (@) Statement ais true and statement b is false ISSC-E : (Evening) 30.10.2020] the average compressive strength of burt clay bricks with class designation 15 is: (@) 15kNimm® ——_(b) 15 Nim? (6) 15kNim? (a) 15Nimm? ISSC-E : (Evening) 30.10.2020] 1.70 If excess silicais present in bricks, it makes the bricks: (@) brite and weak on burning (b) crack on drying (©) warp (d) melt on burning [SSC-JE : (Evening) 11.12.2020] 1.71. The samples of bumt clay bricks trom § diferent agencies (At to AS) are tested and the results are tabulated as follows. The criteria to be adopted correspond to the usage of bricks of class 15 and above, as per |S 1077. Which samples are recommended for wall construction? ld Water Average Compressive | absorption (%) | _ strength (kNim®) Al 20 720000 2 2 15500 AS 28 9100 Aa 10 28000 AS 14 12000 (a) Only A2 and Aé (b) Only A3 anc AS (0) AM, A2, A3 and AS (2) Only A1, AB and AS [SSC-JE : (Evening) 11.12.2020]s | SSCJE_+ Topicwise Previous Solved Papers MADE EASY 1.72 According to IS2180: 1988, whatisthe minimum 2.8 Crushing strength of good building stone should bulk density of heavy duty burnt clay bricks? bbe more than (@) 45 a/em? (0) 28.q/em? (@) S00kgiem? ——_(b) 1000kgem? (©) 75ayem* (@) 85giom? (6) 1400kgiem® —(@) 2000 kglom? [SSC-E : (Afternoon) 23.03.2021] [SSC-JE : 2010] 2.4 Sand stone is, 1.73. Whatis the percentage of alumina in good brick (0) Secmnertenyreck fo) Matemensie rook earth? (©) Igneous reck (4) Voleanierock (@) 4510 55% (6) 510 10% [S808 : 2010] (6) 2010 30% (a) 110.5% [SSC-UE : (Afternoon) 23.03.2021] 2.5 Rocks having alumina or clay as their major constituent are called 1.74 Aconsiruction frm has deciced to use burnt clay {@) Siicious rocks (b) Argilaceous rocks bricks of clase 20 and above es per {S 1077 (6) Sedimentary rocks(d) None ofthe above 1992) for the construction of a residential [SSC-~E : 2010] complex. The table below gives the details of samples with Id (S1, $2. $3, $4 and $5) taken 2.8 Crushing strength of a good building stone from five different suppliers, The eriteria to be should be more than adopted are the percentage of water absorption (@) 50MPa (b) 100MPa and average compressive strength of bricks (6) 150MPa (@) 200MPa corresponding to bricks of class 20 and above. [SSC - JE : 2011] Select the Id of the samples which can be 2.7 The most sultable stone fo building piers is recommended for use in brick wall construction (@) Granite (b) Limestone ‘Average compressive (©) Marble (a) Sandstone Id | Water absorption (7) | st ongtn (kNim") [SSC - JE : 2013] st 18 +7500 2.8 Under heal and pressure, granite can transform 2 20 21000 into t (@) Quartzite (©) Marble Ss 2 70000 (©) Slate (a) Greiss 4 10 +4000 [SSC-E (Forencon) : 2014] $5 ‘8 27000 2.9 Quartzite and marble are by nature (@ 81,82, 83 and S4 only (@) volcanic (b) plutonic (0) 81, $2, $3, $4 and $5 only (©) sedimentary (@) metamorphic (6) $8, and $5 only [SSC-JE (Forencon) : 2014] (@) $2, $3, $4 and $5 only 2.10 Basalt stone is by nature [SSC-UE : (Afternoon) 23.03.2021] {@) metamorphic (b) volcanic (c) plutonic (d) sedimentary 2 Stones [SSC-E (Aternoon): 2014] 2.1 Chemically, marble is known as 2.11 Granite is a rock thats by nature (@) metamorphic rock {@) metamorphic (b) volcanic (©) argilaceous rock (©) plutonic (a) sedimentary (6) calcareous rock [SSC-JE (Afternoon) : 2014] (@) siliceous rock [SSC-VE : 2008] 2.12, The process of providing smooth face and regular 2.2, Stones ejected iit absorbs water more than face to stones Is know as (a) 5% (o) 20% (b) 10% (d) 25% [SSC-JE : 2009] (b) seasoning (a) dressing [SSC-VE : 2015] (@) quarying (©) pitchingCivil Engineering Paper-I : Objective * Building Materials 63 GEEXEEEN building materials Bricks 1 1.10 1.19 1.28 1.37 1.46 1.55 1.64, 1.73 (b) 1.2 (b) 1.11, (¢) 1.20 (b) 1.29 (b) 1.38 (a) 1.47 (a) 1.56 (b) 1.65 (a) 1.74 (¢) 2. Stones 24 2.10 2.19 2.28 2.87 2.46 2.55 2.2 (b) 2.11 (0) 2.20 (b) 2.29 (b) 2.38 (d) 2.47 (0) 2.56 (a) 3. Timbers (b) 3.2 (b) 3.3 (a) 3.10 (c) 3.11 (d) 3.12 (b) 3.19 (d) 3.20 (c) 3.28 (a) 3.29 (c) 3.87 (b) 3.38 (d) 3.39 (c) 3.46 (a,c)3.47 (b) 34 4, Cement & Lime at 4.10 4.19 4.28 437 (d) (a) (co) (a) (a) 42 (0) 4.41 (a) 4.20 (a) 4.29 (c) 4.38 (d) 1.3 (0) 1.12 (a) 1.21 (c) 1.30 (b) 1.39 (0) 1.48 (b) 1.87 (b) 1.66. (a) 23° (b) 2.12 (d) 2.21 (a) 2.30 (a) 2.39 (a) 2.48 (c) 2.57 (a) 3.21 (a) 3.30 (d) 3.48 (b) 43° (a) 4.12 (b) 4.21 (a) 4.30 (a) 4.39 (b) 14 1.13 1.22 1.31 1.40 1.49 1.58 1.67 2.4 2.13 2.22 2.31 2.40 2.49 2.58 (b) (b) (a) (a) (©) fa) (a) (b) fa) (a) (b) {e) (a) (a) (@) 16 114 1.23 1.32 1.41 1.50 1.59 1.68 25 2.14 2.23 2.32 2.41 2.50 2.59 3.4 (b) 3.5 3.13 (d) 3.14 (b) 3.22 (d) 3.23 (a) 3.32 (c) 3.40 (d) 3.41 (a) 3.31 3.49 44 4.43 4.22 431 4.40 (e) (a) (b) (b) {e) (a) (b) 3.50 45 414 4.23 4.32 441 (d) (c) (b) (b) (b) (b) (b) (a) (co) (a) 1.6 (b) 1.18 (a) 1.24 (e) 1.33 (a) 1.42 (d) 1.51 (a) 1,60 (b) 1.69 (d) 2.6 (b) 2.18 (0) 2.24 (b) 2.33 (a) 2.42 (b) 2.51 (a) 2.60 (c) WwW 1.16 1.25 1.34 1.43 1.52 1.61 1.70 27 2.16 2.25 2.34 2.43 2.82 2.61 (ce) 3.6 (d) 3.7 (b) 3.15 (d) 3.16 (a) 3.24 (b) 3.25 (b) 3.33 (d) 3.34 (0) 3.42 (d) 3.43 (a) 3.51 (c) 4.6 (b) 4.15 (b) 4.24 (a) 4.33 (0) 4.42 (b) 3.62 aT 4.16 4.25 4.34 4.43 (a) (b) (b) (a) (a) (ce) 18 147 1.26 1.35 1.44 1.53 1.62 174 2.8 217 2.26 2.35 2.44 2.53 2.62 (@) (b) (a) (a) (d) (b) {b) (a) (a) (ce) (e) (a) {b) (ce) (e) 1.9 (0) 1.18 (a) 1.27 (d) 1.36 (b) 1.45 (b) 1.84 (a) 1.63 (c) 1.72 (b) 29° (d) 2.18 (b) 2.27 (a) 2.36 (c) 2.45 (a) 2.54 (a) 2.63 (a) 3.8 (c) 3.9 (c) 3.17 (d) 3.18 (a) 3.26 (b) 3.27 (b) 3.35 (b) 3.36 (b) 3.44 3.53 48 4a7 4.26 4.35 444 (a) (a) (d) (e) {e) {b) (b) 3.45 (0) 49° (co) 4.18 (d) 4.27 (¢) 4.36 (c) 4.45 (b)6 | SSC-JE + Topicwise Previous Solved Papers MADE EASY 4.46 (a) 4.55 (c) 4.64 (b) 4.73 (d) 4.82 (b) 491 (c) 4.100 (@) 4.108 () 4.116 (a) 4.124 (d) 4.132 (a) 4.140 (@) 4.148 (a) 4.156 (d) 4.164 (0) 4.172 (a) 4.180 (a) 4.188 (b) 4.196 (a) 4.204 (b) 4.212 (b) 4.220 (a) 4.47 (a) 4.48 (a) 4.49 (b) 4.56 (b) 4.57 (a) 4.58 (c) 4.85 (a) 4.66 (d) 4.87 (c) 4,74 {b) 4.75 (c) 4.76 (d) 4.83 (d) 4.84 (d) 4.85 (a) 4.92 (c) 4.93 (c) 4.94 (b) 4.101 4.109 4.417 4.125 4.133 4441 4.149 4.157 4.165 4.173 4.181 4.189 4.197 4.205 4.218 4.221 (6) 4.102 (a) (a) 4.110 (e) (a) 4.118 (a) (b) 4.126 (ce) (b) 4.184 (e) (9) 4.142 (a) (a) 4.10 (e) (a,b) 4.158 (b) (b) 4.166 (c) () 4.174 (a) (a) 4.182 (a) (6) 4.190 (a) (0) 4.198 (a) (b) 4.206 (a) () 4.214 (a) (6) 4.222 (0) 5. Concrete Technology 5.1 (c) 5.10 (b) 5.19 (¢) 5.28 (b) 5.37 (a) 5.46 (a) 5.55 (d) 5.64 (d) 5.73 (d) 5.82 (a) 5.91 (b) 5.100 (d) 5.101 (a) 5.102 (a) 5.103 (¢) 5.104 (d) 5.2 (a) 5.11 (d) 5.20 (d) 5.29 (a) 5.38 (b) 5.47 (b) 5.56 (d) 5.65 (a) 5.74 (b) 5.83 (d) 5.92 (c) 5.3 (c) 5.4 4.103 4att 4.119 4.127 4.135 4.143, 4.151 4.159 4.167 4.175 4.183 4.191 4.199 4.207 4.215 4.223 CO) 5.12 (c) 5.13 (d) 5.21 (b) 5.22 (a) 5.30 (a) 5.31 (c) 5.39 (c) 6.40 (d) 5.48 (c) 5.49 (b) 5.57 (b) 5.58 (c) 5.66 (a) 5.67 (b) 5.78 (b) 6.76 (c) 5.84 (b) 5.85 (b) 5.93 (b) 5.94 (b) 4.60 (a) 4.59 (a) 4.68 (a) 477 (a) 4.86 (b) 4.95 (c) (a) 4.104 fa) 4.112 (a) 4.120 (b) 4.128 (oe) 4.136 fa) 4.144 (ce) 4.152 () 4.160 {b) 4.168 (b) 4.176 {b) 4.184 (b) 4.192 {b) 4.200 (a) 4.208 (a) 4.216 (ce) 4.224 5.5 (d) 5.14 (6) 5.28 (b) 5.32 (b) 5.41 (a) 5.50 (b) 5.59 (d) 5.68 (d) 5.77 (c) 5.86 (a) 5.95 (d) 4.51 (a) 452 4.60 (d) 4.61 4.89 (b) 4.70 4.78 (b) 4.79 4.87 (d) 4.88 4.96 (d) 4.97 (a) 4.108 (a) 4.114 (d) 4.122 (d) 4.130 (b) 4.138 (b) 4.146 (b) 4.184 (b) 4.162 (a) 4.170 (d) 4.178 (c) 4.186 (a) 4.194 (6) 4.202 (a) 4.210 (b) 4.218 (a) (a) 4.105 fb) 4.113 (a) 4.121 (a) 4.129 (b) 4.137 (b) 4.145 (a) 4.183 () 4.161 (b) 4.169 (e) 4.177 (ce) 4.186 (ce) 4.193 (a) 4.201 (a) 4.209 (a) 4.217 (a) (a) (b) (a) (c) (b) 6.6 (a) 5.7 (c) 5.15 (c) 5.16 (b) 5.24 (d) 5.25 (a) 5.33 (a) 5.34 (a) 6.42 (c) 5.43 (d) 5.51 (b) 5.52 (a) 5.60 (c) 5.61 (c) 5.69 (d) 5.70 (c) 6.78 (d) 5.79 (d) 5.87 (d) 5.88 (a) 5.96 (d) 5.97 (a) 4.53 (b) 4.62 (a) 4.71 (a) 4.80 (a) 4.89 (d) 4.98 (a) 5.8 (c) 5.17 (d) 5.26 (a) 5.35 (c) 5.44 (0) 5.53 (b) 5.62 (c) 5.71 (a) 5.80 (b) 5.89 (c) 5.98 (a) 4.54 (c) 4.63 (b) 472 (b) 4.81 (a) 4.90 (d) 4.99 (b) 4.107 (4) 4.116 (b) 4.123 (d) 4.131 (d) 4.139 (d) 4.147 (d) 4.185 (c) 4.163 (c) 4q71 (a) 4.179 (d) 4.187 (d) 4.195 (b) 4.203 (a) 4.211 (c) 4.219 (d) 5.9 (d) 5.18 (b) 5.27 (b) 5.36 (a) 5.45 (d) 5.54 (b) 5.63 (a) 5.72 (a) 5.81 (b) 5.90 (d) 5.99 (c) 5.105 (c) 5.106 (b) 5.107 (b)Civil Engineering Paper-I : Objective * Building Materials 65 5.108 (d) 5.116 (a) 5.124 (6) 5.132 (a) 5.140 (a) 5.148 (a) 5.156 (d) 5.164 (b) 5.172 (c) 5.180 (d) 5.188 (b) 5.196 (b) 5.204 (b) 5.212 (c) 5.220 (c) 5.228 (a) 5.286 (c) 5.244 (d) 5.252 (a) 5.260 (c) 5.268 (d) 5.276 (c) 5.284 (a) 5.292 (a) 5.800 (d) 5.308 (d) 5.316 (a) 5.324 (c) 5.832 (d) 5.340 (a) 6. Paints 6.1 (0) 6.2 5.109 5.117 5.125 5.133 5.141 5.149 5.157 5.165 5.178 5.181 5.189 5.197 5.205 5.213 5.221 5.229 5.287 5.245 5.253 5.261 5.269 5.277 5.285 5.293 5.301 5.309 5.317 5.325 5.833 5.341 (a) 6.3 5.110 (a) 5.118 (d) 5.126 (d) 5.134 (c) 5.142 (d) 5.150 (d) 5.188 (0) 5.166 (c) 5.174 (d) 5.182 (c) 5.190 (c) 5.198 (a) 5.206 (c) 5.214 (d) 5.222 (d) 5.230 (b) 5.238 (c) 5.246 (d) 5.254 (d) 5.262 (b) 5.270 (c) 5.278 (b) 5.286 (c) 5.294 (d) 5.302 (d) 5.310 (b) 5.318 (c) 5.326 (b) 5.334 (c) 5.342 (a) 5.111 5.119 5.127 5.135, 5.148 5.151 5.159 5.167 5.175 5.183 5.191 5.199 5.207 5.215 5.223 5.231 5.239 5.247 5.255 5.263 5.271 5.279 5.287 5.295 5.803 5.311 5.319 5.327 5.335 (b) 6.4 (c) 6.10 (c) 6.11 (a) 6.12 (c) 6.13 (co) 6.19 (b) 6.20 (c) 6.21 (d) 6.22 (b) 6.28 (b) (b) 5.112 (a) 5.120 (b) 5.128 (a) 5.136 fa) 5.144 (c) 5.152 (c) 5.160 (a) 5.168 (a) 5.176 (a) 5.184 (a) 5.192 (a) 5.200 {b) 5.208 (a) 5.216 (a) 5.224 (a) 6.232 (a) 5.240 (a) 5.248 (c) 5.256 (a) 5.264 (a) 5.272 (c) 5.280 (a) 5.288 {b) 5.296 (a) 5.304 (a) 5.312 (a) 5.320 (a) 5.328 (a) 5.336 65 (a) 6.6 6.14 (d) 6.15 (c) 6.16 (c) 6.17 (c) 6.18 6.23 (d) 6.24 (d) 6.25 (c) 6.26 (b) 6.27 5.118 6.121 5.129 5.187 5.145 5.153 5.161 5.169 8.177 5.185 5.193 5.201 5.209 9.217 5.225 5.233 6.241 5.249 5.257 5.265 5.278 9.281 5.289 5.297 5.305 5.313 5.321 5.329 5.387 (c) 6.7 (c) 68 5.114 5.122 5.130 5.138 5.146 5.154 5.162 5.170 5.178 5.186 5.194 5.202 5.210 5.218 5.226 5.234 5.242 5.250 5.258 5.266 5.274 5.282 5.290 5.298 5.306 5.314 5.322 5.330 5.338 5.115 9.128 5.131 5.139 5.147 5.155 5.163 6.171 5.179 5.187 5.195 5.203 6.211 5.219 8.227 5.235 5.248 6.251 5.259 5.267 5.275 5.283 5.291 5.299 5.307 5.315 5.323 5.331 5.339 {b) 6.966 | SSCJE + Topicwise Previous Solved Papers 7. Miscellaneous TA 7.10 7.19 7.28 7.37 7.46 7.55 7.64 72 7M 7.20 7.29 7.38 TAT 7.56 7.65 73 712 74 7.13 7.22 7.34 7.40 7.49 7.58 7.67 78 7.14 7.23 7.32 741 7.50 7.59 7.68 (c) (d) (d) (a) (a) (d) (b) (b) {b) (b) (a) (a) (a) (d) (@) {e) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (d) (b) (a) {b) (b) (@) (b) {b) (c) (@) (b) 7.21 7.30 7.39 7.48 7.87 7.66 ESE Building materials 1. Bricks Clay and silt contains silica primatily. The silica ‘content in good brick earth should be 50-60%, Based on dimensions bricks are of two types, the traditional bricks and! the modular bricks. ‘The traditional bricks vary in size from place toplace, Bureau of Indian standards specifies standard size of bricks as 20 cm x 10 cm x 10 em, which includes thickness of mortar. Sze of standard brick also known as modular brick should be 19 em x 9 em x 9 em, However, a bricks available in most part of the county sil are 9x40 x3" and are known as traditional bricks or field bricks. Clay bricks are classified as first class, second class, third class and fourth class based on their physical and mechanical properties: (a) (c) (e) (a) (a) (a) (d) (b) WT 7.16 7.25 7.34 7.43 7.82 7.61 7.70 78 TAT 7.26 7.35 7.44 7.83 7.62 774 79 7.18 76 () 7.48 (0) 7.24 (b) 7.33 (a) 7.42 (0) 7.51 (d) 7.60 (b) 7.69 (a) (a) (d) (e) (a) (a) (c) (e) (ce) (ce) (c) (e) (b) (a) (a) (@) fa) (a) (ce) (d) (ac) (a) (b) (d) 7.27 7.36 7.45 7.54 7.63 Remarks Crushing svongth # 10 Nim? Wator absorption = 12-16% ofits {dy weight when immersed in cold water or 2¢ hours ‘Second clase bricks) + Crushing stength £7 Ninmt + Water absorption about 16-20% ofits dry weight Particular I Frat class brick | + Thiré cass bricks | + Water absorption if about 25% of its dry wetght| + Crushing strength ¢ § Ninn Abrick of standard size 19 em x 9.em x 9emis recommended by the BIS. With mortar thickness, the size of such a brick becomes 20cm x 10m x 10 cm and itis known as the nominal size of the moduler brick. Thus the modular brick size includes the mortar thickness. ‘* King closer is a portion of brick which is cut in such away that the width of one of its end is half that of a full brick, while the width at the other end is equal to the full widthI Engineering Paper-I King Closer ‘+ Itis thus obtained by cutting the triangular piece between the centre of one end and the centre of the other side, It has half header and half stretcher face. ‘As per clause 7.2 of IS 1077 : 1992, water absorption should not be more than 20% by weight up to class 12.5 (crushing strength 12.5 Nimm2) land 15% by weight for higher class. Composition of good brick earth and their function are (i) Alumina: Content of 20% to 30% is necessary. Itimparts plasticity tothe earth, soithelps in moulding of brick. (li) Silica: A good brick earth contains about 50% to 60% of silica. It prevents shrinkage cracking and warping of raw bricks. It thus imparts uniform shape to the brick. Excess of silica makes the brick brite. (ill) Lime: Less than 5% of lime is desirable. It prevents shrinkage of raw bricks. (iv) Iron Oxide: It hols in fusing of sand and provides red colour to the bricks. ‘Alumina is the chief constituent of a good brick ‘A content of about 20% to 30% is necessary to form the brick earth of a good quality. imparts plasticity to the earth so it helps in the moulding of the brick earth. f aluminais present in excess with inadequate quantity of sand then the raw bricks shrink and warp during drying, and on burning they become too hard, (Sica (60-60)% | Provides strength harahess and duabity of bricks. (Alumina (20.30)% (i Lime (75% Irspats plasticity of bricks. ‘Causes sliea to fuse during buming ‘and binding pares together. %) | imparts yalow tnt to bricks. (9) ron oxide (5-6%) (w) Magnesia (< Provide ed colour and improves impermeabilty and durabity Objective © Building Materials 67 Clay brioks are classified as first class, second class, third class and fourth class based on their physical and mechanical properties: Particular Firstolass bricks | + Crushing strength € 10 Nim? + Water absorption = 12-15% ofits ‘dy weight wineninenersedin cold water for 28 hours ‘Second cass bicks| + Crushing strength +7 Ninmt + Water absorption about 16-20% fits cry weight Third class bricks | + Water absorption f about 25% of Is dry weight + Crashing vength ¢ 5 Ninm® IS: 3101 — Aluminium collapsible tubes. IS: 3102 ~ Classification of burnt clay brick IS : 3495 — Method of test of burnt clay brick. IS: 3496 -Spesification for dobby lags and pegs. en The method of determination of water absorption of bumt clay building bricks is covered as per IS: 8495 (Part-I) 1992 * ‘1st class brick-Not more than 20% by dry weight * 2nd class brick-Not more than 22% by dry weight * 1d class brick-Not more than 25% by dry weight ‘Common Bulg bricks Third clas orcks ‘Second class bricks First lass bricks ‘Compressive sirenath (Wim?) cE The nominal size of a brick is = 20emx 10cm x 10cm Volume of one brick = 02x0.1mx0, = 2x 10% m* .:, The number of bricks in one cubie meter of brick masonry 2x10 500SSCJE + + Basod on dimensions bricks are of two types, the traditional bricks and the modular bricks. +The traditional bricks vary in size from place toplace, + Buroauof ngia standards specifies standard size of bricks as 20 em x 10 em x 10 em, which includes thickness of mort ‘+ Size of standard brick also known as modular brick should be 19 cm x 9.¢m x 9 cm. ‘+ However, a bricks available in most part of the county stil are 9x41 x3" and are known as traditional bricks or field bricks. ‘An indent called frog, 1-2 cm deep is provided ‘+ The purpose of providing frag is to form a key for holding the mortar and therefore, the bricks are laid with frogs on top. Soling: It is the bottom most layer of any component of structure. ‘* Its done before laying the foundation, to provide batter strength to the foundation, Murum fing wall 3 ‘ompacted upto 90° 3. protrcenety 2g Sto! para to af shor span g PO (148) 6" Tk g Rubble ang Te ard Sata Typical deta of column and column inks ‘Soling Shoring: Its the technique of using a temporary support, usually from prop, to make a structure stable and safe. + Shoring is often used to provide lateral support, Topicwise Previous Solved Papers Tiitetin = hrs tor Wal pla DPC (Damp Proof Course): It is a horizontal barrier in a wall designed to resist moisture rising through the structure by capillary action ‘+ [tis used to stop dampness in a buildings. ‘+ Toavoid water from reaching to the walls DPC is laid at plinth level be excomal wat Floor concrete pre Flooring t 15 cm (min), effec To | wt Flat ‘concrete E A cE The air prosentin the hollow area of these bricks make them thermal insulators. They keep the interiors cool in summer and warm in winter especially the ‘clay hollow bricks’. They also provide more sound insulation as compared to solid bricks.I Engineering Paper-I Deformation of the shape of bricks caused by the rainwater falling on the hot bricks is called chulfs. Bloating: This defect occurs as.a spongy swollen mass over the surface of the burnt bricks. Nodules: When bricks come in contact with water, the absorbed water reacts with lime nodules causing expansion and a consequent disintegration of bricks. Lamination: Itis due to entrapped air in the voids of clay. Size of a modular brick is 20cm 10emx 10em = 02mx0.1mx 0.1m Number of bricks per m® of brick masonry tm? ~ Demxotmeoim °° As per Indian standard, Standard size of a brick 's 19m x9.cm x9 em, The nominal size (brick + mortar) of a brick is 20 cm x 10. em x 10. om, Various failure modes of brick masonry. Compression Bed Joint Sling SS, Diagonal Cracking Rocking Horizontal crack Step crack Shear crack “Types of eracks in brick masonry Footing Objective cE} rr © Building Materials 69 Alumina in bricks is responsible to impart plastic qualities so that the brick can be moulded However excess of alumina in the clay causes cracks and warps in bricks on drying and becomes too hard when burnt. Closer : It is a portion of a brick with the cut made longitudinally, and is used to close up bond at the end of the course. A closerhelps in preventing the joints of successive sources (higher to lower) to come in a vertical ine. Queen Closer : tis a portion ofa brick obtained by cutting a brick lengthwise into two portions Thus, a queen-cioseris a brick which is hatf as wide as the full brick. King Closer so cut that the with of one ofits end is half that of a full brick, While the width at other end is equal to the full width, itis the portion of a brick whichis. (c) Queen-Closer (Quarter) (6) Beveled Closer (Mires Coser () Tivee Quarter Bat we (aoe atSSC-JE + Topicwise Previous Solved Papers Note: ‘Squint Junction : A squint junction is formed when an internal wall meets on external continuous wall at an angle other than 90° When a brick is cut along its length, making it two equal halves then itis called queen closer. Thus a queen closer is a broken brick portion whose width is half as wide as the original brick. Full Queen-closer erick (alt) Importance of Iron Oxide in bricks, * Agood brick earth should contain about 5% to 7% of iron oxide, + Itgives red colour to the bricks. ‘¢ Itimproves impermeabilty and durability and gives strength and hardness. + Ifpresentin excess, then the colour of brick bocomes dark blue or blackish ‘+ Ifthe quantity of iron oxide is comparatively less, the brick becomes yellowish in colour. As per IS 1200-3: (Method of Measurement of Building and Civil Engineering work, Partlll: Brickwork), brickworks shall be measured in cubic metres unless otherwise specified Jowever, measured in square metres then, walls fone brick thick or less shall be measured separately in square metres specifying the thickness. Generally, brickwork of thickness below half brick thickness (i.e. 10 em) is measured in square metres, Also, the honey-combed walls should be measured in square metres stating the wall thickness and type of honeycombing Generally brickwork of thickness below half brick ickness (2. 10 cm) is measured in square metres. Weathering is generally done so that the clay can absorb adequate amount of moisture from the atmosphere. Ithelps to keep the clay plastic. and workable, Kneading : It is a process which is making a uniform mixture by pressing, folding and stretching of clay, water and other ingredients. ‘Tempering : Tempering consist of kneading the earth with teet so as to make the mass sti and plastic For manufacturing quality bricks, tempering is done in pug mills and the operation is called pugging Moulding : Itis 2 process of giving a required shape tothe brick rom the prepared brick earth The presence of silica prevents the shrinkage. cracking and warping of raw bricks. It thus imparts uniform shape to the bricks. The durability of bricks depends upon proper composition of silica in brick earth. The excess of silica destroys the cohesion biw particles and brick become brittle. Frog is an indentation or depression on the top face of a brick made with the object of forming a key for the mortars, The minimum compressive strength of bricks in kgfom? is: ‘st class bricks - 105 2nd class bricks ~70 3rd class bricks - 35 ‘+ Tempering of brick is done in pug mills anc the operation is called pugging.I Engineering Paper-I Objective © Building Materials n ‘+ Tempering is the process where whole mass of brick earth is kneaded to obtain a homogeneous mass. Bull nose brick is a style of brick that has one, some or all ofits comers rounded off, These brick can be used to create soft and attractive curved edges to steps, sills, or in capping walls. These bricks are generally used for decorative and exterior purposes, Arches are subjected to high lateral thrust and thus needs more competent bricks. Ew Chuffs : Deformation ofthe shape of bricks caused by rainwater falling on hot bricks is chutts Modular bricks is standard brick of size 19cm x9cm x 9em used for high class masonry works. + Jhumb brick : These are overbuint bricks rot suitable for construction works, these are used as ballast, filing works etc. ‘+ Under burnt bricks : When bricks are not burnt properly, the clay is not softened because of insufficient heat and the pores ate not closed. These bricks are not suitable for construction works, ‘© Bull nose: Itis a special moulded brick with one edge rounded (single bull nose) or with two ediges rounded (double bull nose). These are used in copings orin such positions where rounded comers are preferred to sharp arises * The bricks before placing in masonry are soaked in water so that they don't absorb water from mortar * Tho bricks should not have free moisture on their surface otherwise the water content of the mortar will bo alterod thereby as the strength of mortar will be affected. Refractory bricks: Percentage of various ingredients in a good brick earth is as below: ‘Slice 50-60% Alumina 20-20% Fericoxite | 5-6% Lime >5% Magnesia | < 1% 60,,H,0, S04] Very smal porcentage aw 50-00% Sica 20-20% Amina 5% ims Fore Oxide 1.42 Alkalis forming less than 10 percent of the raw clay are of great value as fluxes, especially when combined with silicates of alumina, ‘© These are mainly in the form of soda or potash ‘+ When bricks come in contact with moisture, water is absorbed and alkalies crystallise. ‘© Ondrying, the moisture evaporates, leaving behind grey or white powder deposits on the brick surfaces which spoils the appearance, this phenomenon is called efflorescence. The actual size of modular brick is 190 mm x 90 mm x 90 mm, (a fempering of clay is done is plug mill and procedure is called pugging72 | SSCJE + Topicwise Previous Solved Papers ‘An indent called frog, 1-2 cm deep is provided ‘+The purpose of providing frag is to form a key for holding the mortar and therefore, the bricks are laid with frags on top, Hae Nominal size of brick is 200mm x 100 mm x 100 mm and actual size of brick is 190 mm x 80 mm x 90 mm A) 108 2 Number of brick is 1 m? = me ber of brick is Zoxioxio" = S00No. Thus numberof bricks in 5 m* 5 x 500 = 2500 No ae Thickness of 1 brick thick wall = 20 cm Thickness of 2 brick thick wall = 40 em Thickness of half brick thick wall = 10 em Thickness of one and half brick thickwall = 0m ae ‘Alumina is the chief constituent of a good brick A content of about 20% to 20% is necessary to form the brick earth of a good quality, Itimparts plasticity to the earth soit helps in the moulding of the brick earth. I aluminais presentin excess with inadequate quantity of sand then the raw bricks shrink and warp during drying, and on burning they become too hard. ‘Constituent i) Sica 60-60% Function Provides stongth hardhess and dturabity of bricks. Imparts plastcty of bricks Causes slca to fuse during buring land binding parties togetner i Alumina 20-20)% i) ue (75)% iv) Magnesia (<1%) ion oxi (56%) Imparts yolow tnt to bricks. Provide re colour and improves impermesbility and durabiy. Ew Nominal size ot brick is 20 om x 10.¢m x 106m Thus, two brick thick wall thickness = 2x 200m = 400m Ea Nominal size of traditional brick is 23 em x 11.4.0m x 7.6 em and 1 inch = 2.54 em Therefore 20m = <1 x23 = 9.05 inch 258 Thickness of 1 brick wall = 9 inch (a, Soluble salt present in parent clay cause efflorescence on surface of bricks ‘Surface covered | efflorescencd| o- 10% | sight 10-50% | moderate 250% serious aw In brick masonry, nominal size of brick (with mortar) is 20 em x 10. om x 10cm. Volume of one brick = 0.2 x 0.1 x 0.1 = 2x10 m? Number of bricks in 1m? 2x10 8 Oo) About §-6% of iron oxide is desirable in good brick earth. Ithelps lime to fuse sand and also impart red colours to brick 55 (0) fempering is a process done at the time of preparation of clay for manufacturing of bricks, Itis done to provide hardness and at large scale itis done in pug mils, The operation involved in the manufacture of clay bricks are represented diagrammatically in figure below: \neotng + Dragina > Westerng Blending -+ Tempering -» Moulcing Drying -» Burning + Brick 156 Burning is an important process in brick manufacturing as it provides hardness and strength to brick and makes them dense and durableI Engineering Paper-I: Objective _* Building Materials 73 uring of bles > 5% lime 5% — 6% oxides of iron (in ClampiPazawan) Inkins ry) invemifent kin ‘continous The efflorescence is reported only by qualitative ‘cn words as Serious: Salt deposition is all round and quite Bullforen Hofthans— Tunhel heavy and increases with repeated wetting and Kis Ki in ‘+ Bull's trench kiln is commonly used in India. requires more fuel, more space than Hoffman's kiln but initial cost require is low. ‘+ Hoffman's kiln requires less space, less fuel and high initial cost. It is superior to Bulls trench kiin as percentage of quantity bricks ismore, EA Roof tiles: Those tiles aro used to sorve as covering for pitched root. ‘+ These tiles are manufactured on large scale in south India especially at Manglore, Cochin and Calicut. ‘© According to the bureau of Indian standards (GIS}1654~ 1962, the manglore pattern tiles are divided into two classes, namely, class AA and Class A. Classification of manglore tiles: Item Class AA Class A Maximum water 18 m4 absorption percentage Minimum average breaking load Minimum individual breaking oad me 18:6165-1971 Dimensions or special shapes of clay bricks. IS: 3461-1966 PVC(Vinyl) asbestos floor tiles 18.3951-1975 Speciation for nollew cays tes for floors and rots IS: 14641969 Specification forge and celing ies Eo ‘A good brick earth, Contain about 20% -30% alumina 50% - 60% silica 1.00 KN(102 kg)| 0.80 kN(&2 «g) 0.89 KN(94 kg) | 0.67 KNB kg) drying powdering of salt is prominent. Heavy: Salt deposits cover more then 50% of the surface area, Moderate: Salt deposits cover 10-50% of surface area, The salt forms thin layers without showing any tendency to peal off in flakes or become powdery Slight: Salt covers the surface area of less then 10%. Ee (0) Sala but note 2 OG (0) Deuba st nase (ocuved (oc (0) Daub cant = (Pintnsserrer Gy Pinhheader (208 6g WGolayseetoer) (Spay hace ‘Specialy Saped Bricks rr The standard modular size of common building bricks shall be as follows: Length (L) Width (WW) 190mm = 90mm, Height (H) 20mmSSCJE + As per IS 107 : 1992, Clause 7.2 The bricks, when tested in accordance with the procedure laid down in IS 3445 (part 2): 1992 after immersion in cold water for 24 hours, water absorption shall notbe more than 20% by weight %% by weight for higher upto class 12.5 and 15 class. As per IS 1077: 1992 Tablet Classes of common Burt clay brick ‘Average compressive Class designation strength (Nimm?) 35 35 30 30 25 25 20 20 175 178 18 18 125 125 10 10 75 75 5 5 35 38 Half brick wall or brick-on-edige shall be taken in sqm stating the thickness and shall be fully described mortar and its proportion, Effloresconce is characterized by the white powder palches on the surface of the brickwork, brought to the surface by water and deposited by evaporation The unburnt or sundried bricks are dried with Topicwise Previous Solved Papers the help of heat received from sun after the process of moulding. These bricks can only be Used in the construction of temporary and cheap structures. Such bricks should not be used al places exposed to heavy rains. As per IS 1077, Table 1 ‘Average compressive strength Cass designation _not lass than (Nim 35 Ed 0 30 o 2 20 20 ws 75 6 125 10 10 75 75 3 3 35 35 Ea) Silica: it enables the brick to retain its shape, imparts durabiity and prevents shrinkage and warping. Excess of silica makes the brick brittle and weak on burning, As per IS 1077 Clause 7.2 For class higher than 12.5, water absorption shall ot be more than 15%. Sample, A2, Ad and AS recommended for wall construction, ‘As per IS:2180, the bulk density of heavy duty ‘burnt clay brick should be less than 2500 kgim®. © Compressive streng! = 40 Nimm? 45 Nimm? ‘+ Water absorption 3 10% after 24 hour immersion, © Tolerance Tekerence (a) Dimensions] Sub case A 3 = a oss Sub dass B|I Engineering Paper-I Objective Ingradient of good brick earth, Silica 50-60: Alumina 20-30% Lime 10% Magnesia <1% Ferticoxide — <7% Alkalis <10%| lessthan20% Carbon dioxide ‘Sulphur trioxide» Very small percentage water ‘lasses of Common Burnt Clay Bricks ‘Ciouse 41) Clase | Averoue compressive strength not ess than Designation | Ninn (ee (pro%) 35 350 350 20 300 300 2 250 250 20 200 200 175 75 175 5 150 150 125 125 125 0 100 100 35 35 36 2. Stones Chemical classification of the rock 1, Slliceous rocks : In these rocks, silica is predominates, these rocks are hard, durable and not easily affected by weathering agencies Ex: Granite, quartzite etc 2. Argillaceous rocks : In these racks clay predominates, these rocks may be dense and compact or may be soft. Ex: Slates, latrites etc 3. Calcerous rocks : Calcium carbonate is the main constituent in these rocks. The durability to these racks will depend upon © Building Materials 75 the constituents present in surrounding atmosphere. Ex: Limestone, marble etc. ‘A good stone should be having less porosity and soit should have water absorption between 5-10% and should be rejected'f water absorption ismore than 10% Crushing strength of good building stone should be greater than 100 N/mm? which is approximately equal to 1000 kg/cm®. Building stones ate obtained from rocks, rocks are majority classified on the basis of the mode of their occurrence, also known as geological classification: 1. Igneous rocks: Formed by cooling of magama or lava (molten or pasty rocky materia). Ex. Granite, Basalt, Dolerte ote 2. Sedimentary rocks: Formed by consolidation of the products of weathering obtained from the pre-existing rocks. Ex: Gravel, sandstone, limestone, gypsum, lignite ete 8. Metamorphic rocks: Formed by the change in character of the pre-existing rocks when subjected to great heat and pressure, Ex: Quartzite, schist, slate, marble, and gneisses. Qualities of good building stone are: Crushing strength 2 100 N/mm? Water absorption < 3% by weight Specitic gravity > 2.7