Unit 9 | PRESERVING THE ENVIRONMENT

PRACTICE TEST 1
A. LANGUAGE
I. PRONUNCIATION
Exercise 1: Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others.
1. A. depletion B. preservation C. ecosytem D. completion
2. A. erosion B. confusion C. mission D. television
3. A. damage B. sewage C. advantage D. engage
4. A. aquatic B. access C. altar D. ancestor
Exercise 2: Choose the word whose stress pattern is different from that of the others.
1. A. contaminate B. environment C psychology D. inorganic
2. A. pesticides B.fertilizers C. detergents D. chemical
3. A. consumption B. sustainable C. alternative D. biological
4. A. endangered B. limited C. awareness D. renewable
II. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR
Choose the best answer which best fits each space in each sentence.
1. Water pollution is a result of dumping ………….. such as detergents, pesticides, oil and other
chemicals in rivers.
A. pollutants B. sewage C. rubbish D. litter
2. …………..contributes to the greenhouse effect which can lead to a series of environmental problems.
A. Soil pollution B. Water pollution C. Air pollution D. Noise pollution
3. 'You…………..too late if you do not want to be tired the next day,' my friend advised me.
A. would not stay up B. can stay up
C. should stay D. had better not stay up
4. We…………..that he was the first customer to our newly-open shop.
A. said him B. told to him C. told him D. told
5. The natural environment has been seriously affected and…………..by human activities through
many decades.
A. resulted B. degraded C. decreased D. eroded
6. Using a lot of fertilizers can reduce soil …………..
A. pollution B. quality C. capacity D. fertility
7. Deforestation results ………….. climate change, global warming, extreme floods and erosion.
A. from B. in C. to D. of
8. We are largely responsible for climate change because our activities have………….. large amounts
of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
A. disposed B. consumed C. discharged D. released
9. The giant panda is…………..because its habitat is being destroyed.
A. endangered B. dangerous C. danger D. endanger
10. They are investigating the…………..global warming will have on us over the next 50 years.
A. change B. effect C. result D. outcome
III. WORD FORM
Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the space in the
same line. There is an example at the beginning (0).

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 POLLUTION AND ITS NEGATIVE EFFECTS
Pollution is the (1) …………..of natural environment by external DEGRADE
substances introduced directly or indirectly. Human health, ecosystem quality
and aquatic and terrestrial biodiversity may be affected and altered (2) PERMANENT
…………..by pollution.
Pollution occurs when ecosystems can not get rid of substances
introduced into the environment. The critical threshold of its ability to
naturally eliminate substances is compromised and the balance of the
ecosystem is broken.
The sources of pollution are numerous. The (3) …………..of these IDENTIFY
different (4) …………..and their effects on ecosystems is complex. They can POLLUTE
come from natural disasters or the result of human activity, such as oil spills,
chemical spills, nuclear accidents ... These can have terrible consequences on
people and the planet where they live: (5) …………..of the biodiversity, DESTROY
increased (6) …………..of the human and animal species, destruction of MORTAL
natural habitat, damage caused to the quality of soil, water and air…
Preventing pollution and protecting the environment (7) ………….. the NECESSARY
application of the principles of (8) ………….. development, we have to SUSTAIN
consider to satisfy the needs of today without compromising the ability of
future generations to meet their needs. This means that we should remedy (9) EXIST
………….. pollution, but also anticipate and prevent future pollution sources
in order to protect the environment and public health. Any environmental
damage must be punishable by law, and (10)………….. should pay POLLUTION
compensation for the damage caused to the environment.

B. READING
Exercise 1: Read the text below and decide which answer A, B, C or D best fits each space.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS
Earth is the only (1)…………… we know of in the universe that can support human life.
(2)…………..human activities are making the planet less fit to live on. As the western world
(3)…………..on consuming two-thirds of the world's resources while half of the world's population do so
(4)…………….to stay alive we are rapidly destroying the very resource we have by which all people can
survive and prosper. Everywhere fertile soil is (5)…………….built on or washed into the sea. Renewable
resources are exploited so much that they will never be able to recover completely. We discharge
pollutants into the atmosphere without any thought of the consequences. As a (6)………..the planet's
ability to support people is being reduced at the very time when rising human numbers and consumption
are (7)………….increasingly heavy demands on it. The Earth's natural resources are there for us to use.
We need food, water, air, energy, medicines, warmth, shelter and minerals to (8)………….us fed,
comfortable, healthy and active. If we are sensible in how we use the resources they will (9)………….
indefinitely. But if we use them wastefully and excessively they will soon run (10) …………… and
everyone will suffer.
1. A. situation B. place C. position D. site
2. A. Although B. Still C. Yet D. Despite
3. A. continues B. carries C. repeats D. follows
4. A. already B . for C. entirely D. just

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5. A.sooner B. neither C. either D. rather
6. A. result B. development C. reaction D. product
7. A. doing B. having C. taking D. making
8. A. hold B. keep C. stay D. maintain
9. A. last B. stand C. go D. remain
10. A. up B. away C. out D. into
Exercise 2: Read the text about an interesting house and choose the most suitable heading (A-G) for
each paragraph. There is one extra heading you do not need.
1.--------------------------
Donnachach McCarthy takes environment issues very seriously. As an eco- auditor, he gives advice
to people and companies on how to make their homes and offices more eco-friendly. As an author, he
writes books that persuade leaders to have a greener lifestyle, and he is often a speaker on
environmental issues at different conferences.
2.--------------------------
Yet, he doesn't believe words are enough: he would like to lead by example, his is why he returned
his home in central London into a place where he can prove he lives by the green principles which he
promotes. His Victorian house from the 1840s was equipped with different environmentally friendly
devices to become first a zero- carbon house ( same amount of CO2 in and out) and later on carbon -
negative (less CO2 out than in).
3.--------------------------
How is this possible? First of all, he is very careful to use alternative energy source like wind and sun
wherever possible. Heating in the house is provided by a wood burner that is powered by waste wood
near his house. Hot water comes from a solar water heating system from the roof and his toilet only
uses rainwater. Water is not wasted in his home. While the average British household consumes 160
litres of tap water a day, he only uses 26 litres.
4.--------------------------
The same level of attention is given to household waste in his house. With thorough recycling he
only needed one bin for the whole of last year and even this one bin was not full.
5.--------------------------
He did not misuse electricity either. Donnachach McCarthy does not buy any from outside sources
because he generates his own 'green' electricity with the solar electric panels on his roof. In fact, he
produces so much that the national system pays him for extra amount.
6.--------------------------
If we add up how much greenhouse gas we produce a year, we get out carbon footprint, which is
measured in units of carbon dioxide (CO2) . The carbon footprint of an average British household is
6, 000 kg of CO2. In the case of Donnachach McCarthy's place this figure is minus 114 kg!
Donnachach McCarthy said in an interview: 'if I can do it in an old terraced house in central London,
there is nothing to stop people everywhere doing it in their own homes.'
A. You can give it a try!
B. Providing a good model to follow
C. Throw it out - are you sure?
D. How to build a green house
E. A man of many talents
F. No bills to pay
G. Watch your step

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C WRITING
Complete the sentences, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same.
1. ‘I must remember to set the video’, said Danise.
Danise said ………………………………………………….
2. 'I'm sorry I didn't believe you', I said to Veronica.
I apologised………………………………………………….
3. 'Please don't tell anyone my secret, ' said Susan to Kevin.
Susan begged ………………………………………………..
4. She asked us how we had got on with David three days before.
She asked us 'How…………………………………………..?'
5. Our parents all said that we should have another exhibition soon.
Our parents all said 'Why……………………………………?'

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 PRACTICE TEST 2
A. LANGUAGE
I. PRONUNCIATION
Exercise 1: Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others.
1. A. fertilizer B. disaster C. diversity D. environment
2. A. atmosphere B. ecosystem C. erosion D. enrol
3 A. image B. sewage C. manage D. engage
4. A. aquatic B. contamination C. catastrophe D. atmosphere
Exercise 2: Choose the word whose stress pattern is different from that of the others.
1. A. disappear B. environment C. contaminate D. renewable
2. A. evaporate B. disaster C. poisonous D.diversity
3. A. environmentalist B. substainable C. urbanization D. biological
4. A. endangered B. habitat C. detergent D. extinction
II. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR
Choose the best answer which best fits each space in each sentence.
1 …………… can cause stress and psychological and health problems for humans such as increased
heart rate and hearing damage.
A. water pollution B. air pollution C. noise pollution D. soil pollution
2. Do you know how to do waste……………?
A. separation B. division C. selection D. option
3. I wondered……………the right thing.
A. if I am doing B. was I doing
C. am I doing D. whether I was doing
4. Julia said that she……………there at noon.
A. is going to be B. was going to be C. will be D. can be
5. Coastal cities often dump their……………wastes into the sea.
A. recycled B. untreated C. reused D. reduced
6. The rocks have……………away over time.
A. eroded B. evolved C. exhausted D. exposed
7. Animals are dying……………far more often than you might think.
A. from B. out C. for D. of
8. A……………energy system converts the energy found in sunlight, wind, falling water, waves,
geothermal heat, or biomass.
A. renewable B. non-renewable C. reusable D. released
9. …………… used water, comes from factories and households.
A. Sewage B. Emission C. Detergents D. Poison
10. The……………is the rise in temperature caused by gases in the atmosphere.
A. climate change B. greenhouse effect
C. global warming D. deforestation
III. WORD FORM
Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the space in the
same line. There is an example at the beginning (0).

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An accurate (0) prediction of the weather used to (1) PREDICT
…………… be a case of intelligent estimates that (2) PRIMARY
…………… turned out to be wrong. Now the (3) ……………of CONSIST
weather forecasters has improved and there is a (4) …………… REPUTE
for them to be taken more seriously. (5) …………… in the TEND
weather caused by (6) …………… and global warming have DISTURB
worrying (7)…………… , though. The weather has become POLLUTE
(8)…………… with cold days in summer and hot days in winter. IMPLICATE
These (9)…………….in the temperature act as a PREDICT
(10) ………………from other world problems such as war but VARY
this makes them no less of concern. DISTRACT

B. READING
Exercise 1: Read the text below and decide which answer A, B, C or D best fits each space»
If you're an environmentalist, plastic is a word you tend to say with a sneer or a snarl. It has become a
symbol of our wasteful, throw-way society. But there seems little (1)…………..it is here to stay, and the
truth is, of course, that plastic has brought enormous (2) …………..even environmental ones. It's not
really the plastics themselves that are the environmental (3) ………….. - it's the way society choose to
use and (4) ………….. them. Almost all the 50 or so different kinds of modern plastic are made from oil,
gas or coal - non-renewable natural (5) ………….. We (6) ………….. well over three million tones of the
stuff in Britain each year and, sooner or later, most of it is thrown away. A high (7) ………….. of our
annual consumption is in the way of packaging, and this constitutes about seven per cent by weight of our
domestic (8) ………….. Almost all of it could be recycled, but very little of it is, though the plastic
recycling (9) …………..is growing fast.
The plastics themselves are extremely energy-rich - they have a higher calorific value than coal and
one method of 'recovery' strongly desired by the plastic manufacturers is the (10) …………..of waste
plastic into a fuel.
1. A. evidence B. concern C. doubt D. likelihood
2. A. pleasures B. benefits C. savings D. profits
3. A. poison B. disaster C. disadvantage D. evil
4. A. dispose B. store C. endanger D. abuse
5. A. resources B. processes C. products D. fuels
6. A. remove B. import C. consign D. consume
7. A. portion B. amount C. proportion D. rate
8. A. refuse B.goods C. requirements D. rubble
9. A. manufacture B. plant C.factory D. industry
10. A. conversion B. melting C. change D. replacement
Exercise 2: Read the text carefully and choose the best answers (A, B, C or D) to these questions
The natural world is under violent assault from man. The sea and rivers are being poisoned by
radioactive wastes, by chemical discharges and by the dumping of dangerous toxins and raw sewage. The
air we breathe is polluted by smokes and fume from factories and motor vehicles. Even the rain is
poisoned.
It's little wonder forests and lakes are being destroyed and everywhere wildlife is disappearing. Yet
the destruction continues.
Governments and industries throughout the world are intensifying their efforts to extract the earth

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mineral riches and to plunder its living resources. The great rain forests and the frozen continents alike
are seriously threatened.And this despite the warnings of the scientific community and the deep concern
of millions of ordinary people. Despite the fact, too, that we can create environmentally - clean industries,
harness the power of the sun, wind and waves for our energy needs and manage the finite resources of the
earth in a way that will safeguard our future and protect all the rich variety of life forms which share this
planet with us.
But there I still hope. The forces of destruction are being challenged across the globe - and at the
spearhead of this challenge is Greenpeace. Wherever the environment is in danger, Greenpeace has made
a stand. Its scientific presentations and peaceful direct actions at sea and on land have shocked
governments and industries into an awareness that Greenpeace will not allow the natural world to be
destroyed.
Those actions, too, have won the admiration and support of millions. Now you can strengthen the
thin green line; you can make your voice heard in defence of the living world by joining Greenpeace
today .Thank God someone's making waves.
1. Which one of these statements is not made?
A. Drinking water is polluted.
B. Radioactive waste poisons the sea.
C. Sewage isn't processed.
D. Cars and factories pollute the air.
2. The writer…………..forests and lakes are being destroyed.
A. is surprised that B. is unsure why
C. wonders why D. understands why
3. Rain forests are being destroyed because governments and industries…………..
A. are unaware of what they are doing wrong
B. are rich and powerful
C. choose to ignore criticism
D. basically care about the environment
4. The earth's resources…………..
A. should be left for people B. can be made to last longer
C. will last forever D. belong to just humans and animals
5. How does Greenpeace feel about the future?
A. Desperate. B. Resigned.
C. Cautiously optimistic. D. Deeply pessimistic.
6. Governments and industries…………..
A. don't know what Greenpeace thinks
B. misunderstand what Greenpeace thinks
C. can easily ignore Greenpeace
D. are forced to understand the problems by Greenpeace
7. How does Greenpeace think that people can help?
A. By becoming members. B. By speaking out.
C. By painting a green line. D. By making waves
C. WRITING
Complete the second sentence using the word given, so that it has a similar meaning to the first
sentence. Write between two and five words.
1. Everything we do affects the environment in one way or another. EFFECT

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 Everything we do…………..the environment in one way or another.
2. Most people know that wasting water causes problems. AWARE
Most people…………..the problems caused by wasting water.
3. Did you hear that the greenhouse in the park had been demolished? TORN
Did you hear that they…………..the greenhouse in the park?
4. Did you see the documentary about the ozone layer? SAW
I wonder…………..the documentary about the ozone layer.
5. 'I don't know why they haven't contacted me recently' said Tine BEEN
Tine said she didn't know why …………..recently.