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SharePoint
SharePoint is a web-based collaborative platform that
SharePoint
integrates natively with Microsoft Office. Launched in 2001,[6]
SharePoint is primarily sold as a document management and
storage system, but the product is highly configurable and its
usage varies substantially among organizations.

According to Microsoft, as of December 2020 SharePoint had

200 million users.[7]

Editions
There are various editions of SharePoint which have different
functions.

SharePoint Standard Developer(s) Microsoft

Corporation
Microsoft SharePoint Standard builds on the Microsoft
SharePoint Foundation in a few key product areas: Initial release March 28, 2001
Stable release Subscription
Sites: Audience targeting, governance tools, Secure store Edition (SE) /
service, web analytics functionality.[8] November 2,
Communities: 'MySites' (personal profiles including skills 2021
management, and search tools), enterprise wikis,
Operating system Windows
organization hierarchy browser, tags and notes.[9]
Server 2016,
Content: Improved tooling and compliance for document &
record management, managed metadata, word automation Windows
services, content type management.[10] Server 2019,
Search: Better search results, search customization and Windows
abilities, mobile search, 'Did you mean?', OS search Server
integration, Faceted Search, and 2022[1][2]
metadata/relevancy/date/location-based refinement Platform x86-64
options.[11]
Available in Arabic,
Composites: Pre-built workflow templates, Business
Azerbaijani,
Connectivity Services (BCS) profile pages.[12]
Basque,
SharePoint Standard licensing includes a CAL (client access Bosnian,
license) component and a server fee. SharePoint Standard may Bulgarian,
also be licensed through a cloud model. Catalan,
Chinese,
Croatian,
SharePoint Server
Czech, Danish,
SharePoint Server is provided to organizations that seek Dari, Dutch,
greater control over SharePoint's behavior or design. This English,
product is installed on customers' IT infrastructure. It receives Estonian,
fewer frequent updates but has access to a wider set of features Finnish,
and customization capabilities. There are two editions of French,
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SharePoint Server: Standard and Enterprise. A free version Galician,

called 'Foundation' was discontinued in 2016.[13] These servers German,
may be provisioned as normal virtual/cloud servers or as Greek, Hebrew,
hosted services. Hindi,
Hungarian,
SharePoint Enterprise Indonesian,
Irish, Italian,
Built upon SharePoint Standard, Microsoft SharePoint Japanese,
Enterprise features can be unlocked by providing an additional Kazakh,
license key. Korean,
Latvian,
Extra features in SharePoint Enterprise include:
Lithuanian,
Search thumbnails and previews, rich web indexing, better Macedonian,
search results. Malay,
Business intelligence integration, dashboards, and Norwegian,
business data surfacing. Polish,
PowerPivot and PerformancePoint. Portuguese,
Microsoft Office Access, Visio, Excel, and InfoPath Forms Romanian,
services. Russian,
SharePoint Enterprise Search extensions.[14] Serbian,
Slovak,
SharePoint Enterprise licensing includes a CAL component Slovenian,
and a server fee that must be purchased in addition to Spanish,
SharePoint Server licensing. SharePoint Enterprise may also Swedish, Thai,
be licensed through a cloud model.
Turkish,
Ukrainian,
SharePoint Online Vietnamese
and Welsh[3]
Microsoft's hosted SharePoint is typically bundled in Microsoft Type Content
365 subscriptions, but can be licensed separately.[15] management
SharePoint Online has the advantage of not needing to system
maintain one's own servers, but as a result lacks the
customization options of a self-hosted installation of License Proprietary
SharePoint. software
Website www.microsoft
It is limited to a core set of collaboration, file hosting, and
.com/en-us
document and content management scenarios, and is updated
/microsoft-365
on a frequent basis, but is typically comparable with
/sharepoint
SharePoint Enterprise.[16][17] Currently, additional capabilities
include: /collaboration
(https://www.mi
Support for SharePoint Framework extensions crosoft.com/en-
New "Modern" (Responsive) SharePoint UX (partially us/microsoft-36
included in 2016 – Feature Pack 1) 5/sharepoint/co
Yammer Integration and Office 365 Groups llaboration) 
Integration with Outlook Web App
Newer versions of Online Office Document Editor Tools Microsoft SharePoint for
Removal of various file size/number limitations Android
Apps Concept Developer(s) Microsoft
Corporation
Missing capabilities include:
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Some search and UI customizations Stable release 3.26.0 /

Many web publishing capabilities October 25,
Service Application administration options 2021[4]
Many customization/solution types will not run Operating system Android
No ability to read error (ULS) logs Marshmallow
No ability to share a Site Page (ASPX) to external and later
anonymous visitors; only documents (e.g., Word, Excel,
Size 27.31 MB
Picture) may be shared as such
License Proprietary
commercial
Applications software

SharePoint usage varies from organization to organization. Website www.microsoft

The product encompasses a wide variety of capabilities, most .com/en-ww
of which require configuration and governance.[18] /microsoft-365
/sharepoint
The most common uses of the SharePoint include: /collaboration
(https://www.mi
Enterprise content and document management crosoft.com/en-
ww/microsoft-3
SharePoint allows for storage, retrieval, searching, archiving, 65/sharepoint/c
tracking, management, and reporting on electronic documents ollaboration)
and records. Many of the functions in this product are
designed around various legal, information management, and Microsoft SharePoint for
process requirements in organizations. SharePoint also iOS
provides search and 'graph' functionality.[19][20] SharePoint's
integration with Microsoft Windows and Microsoft Office Developer(s) Microsoft
allow for collaborative real-time editing, and Corporation
encrypted/information rights managed synchronization. Stable release 4.40.1 /
November 20,
This capability is often used to replace an existing corporate 2021[5]
file server, and is typically coupled with an enterprise content
management policy.[21] Operating system iOS 13 or later
Size 79.6 MB

Intranet and social network License Proprietary

commercial
A SharePoint intranet or intranet portal is a way to centralize software
access to enterprise information and applications. It is a tool Website www.microsoft
that helps an organization manage its internal .com/en-ww
communications, applications and information more easily.
/microsoft-365
Microsoft claims that this has organizational benefits such as
/sharepoint
increased employee engagement, centralizing process
management, reducing new staff on-boarding costs, and /collaboration
providing the means to capture and share tacit knowledge (e.g. (https://www.mi
via tools such as wikis). crosoft.com/en-
ww/microsoft-3
65/sharepoint/c
Collaborative software ollaboration)

SharePoint contains team collaboration groupware capabilities, including: project scheduling

(integrated with Outlook and Project), social collaboration, shared mailboxes, and project related
document storage and collaboration.[22] Groupware in SharePoint is based around the concept of a

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"Team Site".

File hosting service (personal cloud)

SharePoint Server hosts OneDrive for Business, which allows storage and synchronization of an
individual's personal documents, as well as public/private file sharing of those documents. This is
typically combined with other Microsoft Office Servers/Services, such as Microsoft Exchange, to
produce a "personal cloud",

WebDAV can be used to access files without using the web interface. However, Microsoft's
implementation of WebDAV doesn't conform to the official WebDAV protocol and therefore isn't
compliant to the WebDAV standard. For example, WebDAV applications have to support the
language tagging functionality of the XML specification[23] which Microsoft's implementation
doesn't. Only Windows XP to Windows 8 are supported.

Custom web applications

SharePoint's custom development capabilities provide an additional layer of services that allow
rapid prototyping of integrated (typically line-of-business) web applications.[24] SharePoint
provides developers with integration into corporate directories and data sources through standards
such as REST/OData/OAuth. Enterprise application developers use SharePoint's security and
information management capabilities across a variety of development platforms and scenarios.
SharePoint also contains an enterprise "app store" that has different types of external applications
which are encapsulated and managed to access to resources such as corporate user data and
document data.

Content structure

Pages

SharePoint provides free-form pages which may be edited in-browser. These may be used to
provide content to users, or to provide structure to the SharePoint environment.

Web parts and app parts

Web parts and app parts are components (also known as portlets) that can be inserted into Pages.
They are used to display information from both SharePoint and third-party applications.

Content item, Content Type, Libraries, Lists, and "Apps"

Content item is a resource in electronic form. Following are some examples:
Document: always has a "Name".
Contact: may have Email address and/or Phone number.
Sales Invoice: may have Customer ID.
Content Types are definitions (or types) of Content items. These definitions describe things like
what metadata fields a Document, Contact, or Sales invoice may have. SharePoint allows you
to create your own definitions based on the built-in ones. Some built in content types include:
Contacts, Appointments, Documents, and Folders.
SharePoint Library stores and displays Content items of type Documents and Folders.
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SharePoint List stores and displays data items such as Contacts. Some built-in content types
such as 'Contact' or 'Appointment' allow the list to expose advanced features such as Microsoft
Outlook or Project synchronization.[25]

In SharePoint 2013, in some locations, Lists and Libraries were renamed 'Apps' (despite being
unrelated to the "SharePoint App Store"). In SharePoint 2016, some of these were renamed back to
Lists and Libraries.

Sites

A SharePoint Site is a collection of pages, lists, libraries, apps, configurations, features, content
types, and sub-sites. Examples of Site templates in SharePoint include: collaboration (team) sites,
communication sites, organization sites, wiki sites, blank sites, and publishing sites.

Configuration and customization

Web-based configuration

SharePoint is primarily configured through a web browser. The web-based user interface provides
most of the configuration capability of the product.

Depending on your permission level, the web interface can be used to:

Manipulate content structure, site structure, create/delete sites, modify navigation and security,
or add/remove apps.
Enable or disable product features, upload custom designs/themes, or turn on integrations with
other Office products.
Configure basic workflows, view usage analytics, manage metadata, configure search options,
upload customizations, and set up integration.[26]

SharePoint Designer

SharePoint Designer is a semi-deprecated product that provided 'advanced editing' capabilities for
HTML/ASPX pages, but remains the primary method of editing SharePoint workflows.

A significant subset of HTML editing features were removed in Designer 2013, and the product is
expected to be deprecated in 2016–7.[27]

Microsoft SharePoint's Server Features are configured either using PowerShell, or a Web UI called
"Central Administration". Configuration of server farm settings (e.g. search crawl, web application
services) can be handled through these central tools.

While Central Administration is limited to farm-wide settings (config DB), it provides access to
tools such as the 'SharePoint Health Analyzer', a diagnostic health-checking tool.

In addition to PowerShell's farm configuration features, some limited tools are made available for
administering or adjusting settings for sites or site collections in content databases.

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A limited subset of these features are available by SharePoint's SaaS providers, including
Microsoft.

Custom development
The SharePoint Framework (SPFx)[28][29] provides a development model based on the
TypeScript language. The technical stack is Node.js, Yeoman, Gulp, NPM, and Webpack. It
embraces a modern web technologies development method. It is the only supported way to
customize the new modern experience user interface (UI). It has been globally available since
mid 2017. It allows a web developer to step into SharePoint development more easily.
The SharePoint "App Model" provides various types of external applications that offer the
capability to show authenticated web-based applications through a variety of UI mechanisms.
Apps may be either "SharePoint-hosted", or "Provider-hosted". Provider hosted apps may be
developed using most back-end web technologies (e.g. ASP.net, NodeJS, PHP). Apps are
served through a proxy in SharePoint, which requires some DNS/certificate manipulation in on-
premises versions of SharePoint.
The SharePoint "Client Object Model" (available for JavaScript and .NET), and REST/SOAP
APIs can be referenced from many environments, providing authenticated users access to a
wide variety of SharePoint capabilities.[30]
"Sand-boxed" plugins can be uploaded by any end-user who has been granted permission.
These are security-restricted, and can be governed at multiple levels (including resource
consumption management). In multi-tenant cloud environments, these are the only
customizations that are typically allowed.
Farm features are typically fully trusted code that need to be installed at a farm-level. These
are considered deprecated for new development.
Service applications: It is possible to integrate directly into the SharePoint SOA bus, at a farm
level.

Customization may appear through:

Application-to-application integration with SharePoint.

Extensions to SharePoint functionality (e.g. custom workflow actions).
'Web Parts' (also known as "portlets", "widgets", or "gadgets") that provide new functionality
when added to a page.
Pages/sites or page/site templates.[30]

Server architecture
SharePoint Server can be scaled down to operate entirely from one developer machine, or scaled
up to be managed across hundreds of machines.[31]

Farms

A SharePoint farm is a logical grouping of SharePoint servers that share common resources.[32] A
farm typically operates stand-alone, but can also subscribe to functions from another farm, or
provide functions to another farm. Each farm has its own central configuration database, which is
managed through either a PowerShell interface, or a Central Administration website (which relies
partly on PowerShell's infrastructure). Each server in the farm is able to directly interface with the

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central configuration database. Servers use this to configure services (e.g. IIS, windows features,
database connections) to match the requirements of the farm, and to report server health issues,
resource allocation issues, etc...

Web applications

Web applications (WAs) are top-level containers for content in a SharePoint farm. A web
application is associated primarily with IIS configuration. A web application consists of a set of
access mappings or URLs defined in the SharePoint central management console, which are
replicated by SharePoint across every IIS Instance (e.g. Web Application Servers) configured in the
farm.

Site collections

A site collection is a hierarchical group of 'SharePoint Sites'. Each web application must have at
least one site collection. Site collections share common properties (detailed here (https://msdn.mi
crosoft.com/en-us/library/microsoft.sharepoint.spsite_properties.aspx)), common subscriptions
to service applications, and can be configured with unique host names.[33] A site collection may
have a distinct content databases, or may share a content database with other site collections in the
same web application.[31]

Service applications

Service applications provide granular pieces of SharePoint functionality to other web and service
applications in the farm. Examples of service applications include the User Profile Sync service,
and the Search Indexing service. A service application can be turned off, exist on one server, or be
load-balanced across many servers in a farm. Service Applications are designed to have
independent functionality and independent security scopes.[31]

Administration, security, compliance

SharePoint's architecture enables a 'least-privileges' execution permission model.[34]

SharePoint Central Administration (the CA) is a web application that typically exists on a single
server in the farm; however, it is also able to be deployed for redundancy to multiple servers.[31]
This application provides a complete centralized management interface for web and service
applications in the SharePoint farm, including AD account management for web and service
applications. In the event of the failure of the CA, Windows PowerShell is typically used on the CA
server to reconfigure the farm.

The structure of the SharePoint platform enables multiple WAs to exist on a single farm. In a
shared (cloud) hosting environment, owners of these WAs may require their own management
console. The SharePoint 'Tenant Administration' (TA) is an optional web application used by web
application owners to manage how their web application interacts with the shared resources in the
farm.[31]

Compliance, standards and integration

SharePoint integrates with Microsoft Office.

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SharePoint uses Microsoft's OpenXML document standard for integration with Microsoft Office.
Document metadata is also stored using this format.
SharePoint provides various application programming interfaces (APIs: client-side, server-side,
JavaScript) and REST, SOAP and OData-based interfaces.
SharePoint can be used to achieve compliance with many document retention, record
management, document ID and discovery laws.[35]
SharePoint is compatible with CMIS – the Content Management Interoperability Standard,
using Microsoft's CMIS Connector (https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff934619.aspx).
SharePoint by default produces valid XHTML 1.0 that is compliant with WCAG 2.0 accessibility
standards.
SharePoint can use claims-based authentication, relying on SAML tokens for security
assertions. SharePoint provides an open authentication plugin model.
SharePoint has support for XLIFF to support the localization of content in SharePoint.[36] Also
added support for AppFabric.[37]

Other SharePoint-related Microsoft products

Product name Description Status

A platform that combines workplace chat, meetings, notes,

and attachments. It was designed by Microsoft as a
Microsoft Teams Active
competitor to Slack, and was officially announced in
November 2016.

An enterprise search platform based on the search

Search Server capabilities of SharePoint. A Freeware Express edition was Discontinued
once available.
FAST Search
Search product that can be implemented on SharePoint [38][39][40]
Server 2010 for Discontinued
Foundation.
SharePoint

SharePoint A free, client-side customization and configuration tool for

Deprecated
Designer SharePoint.

A diagramming tool which can be used to design

Microsoft Visio SharePoint Workflows. Can be added to an Office 365 Active
subscription.
Desktop, Mobile, and Tablet-based Office Productivity
Microsoft Office Suite. Also available for Mac. Included in some Office 365 Active
plans.

Web-based, online, cross-browser compatible versions of

Office Web Apps Excel, Word, PowerPoint and OneNote. Directly Integrate Active
with SharePoint.

Microsoft Project An extension to SharePoint providing integration with

Active
Server Microsoft Project.
A client-based project planning tool which can be
Microsoft Project connected to a SharePoint task list for task and gantt-chart Active
sharing. Comes with Project Online.

An extension for Office 365 or SharePoint providing

Power BI Active
advanced Business Intelligence capabilities.

Microsoft A mail server that integrates with Microsoft SharePoint.

Active
Exchange Server Included in 365.
A client and server that provide VOIP telephony integration,
Skype for Active; deprecated
IM, conferencing, and video/screen-sharing. Integrates with
Business on Windows 11
SharePoint for presence. Included in 365.

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Product name Description Status

A cloud-only enterprise social network that connects and

Yammer closely integrates with SharePoint and is included in Office Active
365.

Microsoft A CRM system with SharePoint & Office 365 Groups

Active
Dynamics CRM integration. On-premises or 365 tenant deployment options.
InfoPath Forms Allows InfoPath forms to be hosted in a SharePoint web
Deprecated
Services site and served via web browser.

A server technology included in SharePoint 2010 and

Excel Services SharePoint 2007 that enables users to load, calculate, and Active
display Excel 2010 workbooks on SharePoint Server 2010.

A client-side SharePoint site synchronization component

SharePoint
included in Microsoft Office 2010 (Professional Plus edition Discontinued
Workspace
and higher).
OneDrive for A client-side file synchronization component included in
Active
Business Microsoft Office 2013-16 and available for free download.

A client-side file synchronization component available for

OneDrive for Mac Active
free download.

History

Origins

SharePoint evolved from projects codenamed "Office Server" and "Tahoe" during the Office XP
development cycle.

"Office Server" evolved out of the FrontPage and Office Server Extensions and "Team Pages". It
targeted simple, bottom-up collaboration.

"Tahoe", built on shared technology with Exchange and the "Digital Dashboard", targeted top-
down portals, search and document management. The searching and indexing capabilities of
SharePoint came from the "Tahoe" feature set. The search and indexing features were a
combination of the index and crawling features from the Microsoft Site Server family of products
and from the query language of Microsoft Index Server.[41]

GAC-(Global Assembly Cache) is used to accommodate the shared assemblies that are specifically
designated to be shared by applications executed on a system.

Versions

Successive versions (in chronological order):

Office Server Extensions

SharePoint Portal Server 2001
SharePoint Team Services
Windows SharePoint Services 2.0 (free license)
SharePoint Portal Server 2003
Windows SharePoint Services 3.0 (free license)
Microsoft Office SharePoint Server (MOSS) 2007

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SharePoint Foundation 2010 (free), SharePoint Server 2010 (commercial extension for
Foundation), and SharePoint Enterprise 2010 (commercial extension for Server)
SharePoint Foundation 2013 (free), SharePoint Server 2013 (extension on top of Foundation),
and SharePoint Enterprise 2013.
SharePoint Online (Plan 1 and 2).
SharePoint Server 2016 and SharePoint Enterprise 2016.
SharePoint Server 2019 and SharePoint Enterprise 2019.

Notable changes in SharePoint 2010

Changes in end-user functionality added in the 2010 version of SharePoint include:

New UI with Fluent Ribbon, using wiki-pages rather than 'web-part pages' and offering multi-
browser support.
New social profiles, and early social networking features
Central Administration rebuilt.
Restructure of "Shared Service Providers" - Introduction of "Service Applications" SOA model.
Sandboxed Solutions and a client-side object-model APIs for JavaScript, Silverlight, and .NET
applications
Business Connectivity Services, Claims-based Authentication, and Windows PowerShell
support

Notable changes in SharePoint 2013

Cross-browser drag & drop support for file uploads/changes, and Follow/Share buttons
OneDrive for Business (initially SkyDrive Pro) replaces MySites and Workspaces.
Updates to social network feature & new task aggregation tool.
Database caching, called Distributed Cache Service[42]
Content-aware switching, called Management
Audit center (service called eDiscovery)
Rebuilt and improved search capabilities
Removal of some analytics capabilities
UI: JSLink, MDS, theme packs. No WYSIWYG in SP Designer.

Notable changes in SharePoint 2016

Sources:[43][44]

Hybrid Improvements
Single Sites View
Unified Search
Search Sensitive Information in Hybrid Search
Unified UI (O365)
Performance, Scaling & Deployment Improvements
Search Scaling Capabilities
Site Collection Enhancement
Deterministic View Threshold – Removing 5000 Limit

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Durable Links and Large Files Support

Deployment Improvements
MinRole
Zero Downtime Patching

Notable changes in SharePoint 2019

Sources:[45]

Modern sites and page layouts

Communication sites
Large File Support, Character Restrictions, and File/Folder Names

Notable changes in SharePoint Subscription Edition (SE)

Sources:[46][47]

Authentication and Identity Management

Support for OpenID Connect (OIDC) 1.0
Enhanced People Picker for modern authentication
Improved Integrated Windows authentication over TLS
Deployment and Upgrade
Support for Windows Server 2022
Support for Windows Server Core
Support for "N – 2" upgrade from SharePoint 2016 and SharePoint 2019 (and Project
Server 2016 and 2019)
AppFabric Cache integration
Farm Administration
Support for host header bindings on Central Administration web application
Support for Server Name Indication (SNI) for host header bindings
Support for changing web application bindings
Easier AAM configuration for Central Administration
Federated service applications support "N – 2" consuming farms (SharePoint 2016, 2019,
and Subscription Edition)
Support for client certificate authentication to SMTP servers
Health and Monitoring (new Health Analyzer rules)
Certificate notification contacts haven't been configured
Upcoming SSL certificate expirations
SSL certificates are about to expire
SSL certificates have expired
Hybrid
Better integration with Power Apps and Power Automate
Improved hybrid search troubleshooting
Search

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Search result page modernization

Support for returning list content in the modern results page
Thumbnails in the modern search result page
Security
SSL certificate management
Support for TLS 1.3
Strong TLS encryption by default
Improved ASP.NET view state security and key management
Sites, Lists, and Libraries
Accessibility improvements
Brick layout for document library thumbnails and image gallery web part
Bulk check-in and check-out
Bulk file download from document libraries and OneDrive personal sites
Image and document thumbnails in document libraries and picture libraries
Modern list and library web parts support adding, editing, and deleting content
Modern document sets
Storage
New BLOB storage provider: Remote Share Provider
Remote Share Provider diagnostic tool

See also
Enterprise portal
List of collaborative software
List of content management systems

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s/sharepoint/install/hardware-and-software-requirements-2019). Microsoft TechNet. Microsoft
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External links
Official website (https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/sharepoint/collaboration)
SharePoint Roadmap (http://roadmap.office.com)

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SharePoint&oldid=1140413627"

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