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Fuel system, description
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Modelo: Lugar de producción Inicio de número de fabricación Parada de número de fabricación
L180E Volvo Arvika 5001 7418
L180E Volvo Asheville 62501 62543
General
The fuel system has electronically controlled unit injectors, one for each cylinder, operating at very high pressure (approx. 150
MPa/21800 psi).
This pressure is created mechanically by rocker arms from an overhead camshaft.
The illustration shows the flow of fuel in the feed system and its main components.
Components
1. The feed pump is a gear pump driven by the engine transmission by the same gear wheel as the power take-off for the belt
transmission. The drive shaft has two seals, providing a seal against fuel and oil.
The pump contains three valves: a pressure limiting valve, a non-return valve for the hand pump and a valve for the return fuel line
leading to the fuel tank.
2. Two fuel filters. Primary filter with water trap and feed pump. Secondary filter with feed pump.
The secondary filter housing has two nipples.
The upper marked “VENT” is for bleeding and the nipple on the side marked “DRAIN” is for draining the system.
The hand pump is mounted directly behind the filter housing, which also contains the hand pump's non-return valves.
3. The control unit is bolted to the engine with a shock absorbing rubber block.
The control unit is cooled with fuel. Fuel on the suction side passes through a cooling coil that is bolted to the outside of the control
unit.
4. Unit injectors.
5. The overflow (relief) valve, located on the return line from the cylinder head, regulates the pressure in the fuel cavity around the
injectors.
6. There is a bleeder nipple in the return line connection on the leading edge of the cylinder head.
Figure 1
Schematic diagram of fuel system
1. Feed pump
2. Fuel filter
3. Control unit
4. Unit injectors
5. Overflow (relief) valve
6. Bleeder nipple
Fuel feed system, principles
General
The illustration shows the feed side of the fuel flow. Fuel is drawn up by the fuel feed pump (1) in the combined tank unit, passed the
water trap (6), through the cooling coil (5), if the control unit (4) is fuel cooled, up to the overflow (relief) valve (8) and from there,
along with the return fuel that passes through the overflow valve, to the suction side of the fuel pump.
The pump forces the fuel to the filter housing, passed the two non-return valves (10) for the hand pump (2) and through the filter (3)
to the longitudinal duct in the cylinder head.
There is a ring-shaped groove around each unit injector (9). The overflow valve (8) maintains the fuel fed to the unit injectors at a
constant pressure.
The fuel feed pump contains three valves. A pressure limiting valve (11) allows fuel to flow back to the suction side of the pump when
the pressure is too high. The non-return valve (13) opens when the hand pump (2) is used.
The system is bled automatically to the fuel tank through a valve (12). There are three bleeder screws; on the cylinder head (14),
filter bracket (15) and primary filter (17).
A fourth screw (16) is used to drain the fuel system.
Figure 2
Fuel feed system, schematic diagram
1. Fuel feed pump
2. Hand pump on secondary filter head
3. Secondary filter
4. Control unit
5. Cooling coil
6. Primary filter
7. Overflow (relief) valve
8. Unit injectors
9. Non-return valves
10. Pressure limiting valve
11. Bleeder valve
12. Non-return valve, hand pump
13. Bleeder screw on cylinder head
14. Bleeder screw on secondary filter head
15. Bleeder screw on secondary filter head
16. Bleeder screw on primary filter head
17. Bleeder screw on primary filter head
18. Hand pump on primary filter head