Dengue
Dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever are acute viral infections that affect infants, young
children, and adults.
Vector: Aedes aegypti
Dengue virus: 1,2,3,4
Flaviviruses
Tx- hydration
Dengue shock syndrome – plasma leaks out BV
Dengue (DENG-gey) fever is a mosquito-borne illness that occurs in tropical and
subtropical areas of the world. Mild dengue fever causes a high fever and flu-like
symptoms. The severe form of dengue fever, also called dengue hemorrhagic fever,
can cause serious bleeding, a sudden drop in blood pressure (shock) and death.
Cause
Bite of an Aedes aegypti mosquito infected with any one of the four dengue viruses
Dengue fever is caused by any one of four types of dengue viruses. You can't get
dengue fever from being around an infected person. Instead, dengue fever is
spread through mosquito bites.
Mode of Transmission
Transmitted by a day-biting called Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (These mosquitos lay
eggs in clear and stagnant water found in flower vases, cans, rain barrels, old rubber tires, etc.
The adult mosquitoes rest in dark places of the house.
The two types of mosquitoes that most often spread the dengue viruses are
common both in and around human lodgings. When a mosquito bites a person
infected with a dengue virus, the virus enters the mosquito. Then, when the
infected mosquito bites another person, the virus enters that person's
bloodstream and causes an infection.
After you've recovered from dengue fever, you have long-term immunity to the
type of virus that infected you — but not to the other three dengue fever virus
types. This means you can be infected again in the future by one of the other
three virus types. Your risk of developing severe dengue fever increases if you get
dengue fever a second, third or fourth time.
Signs and Symptoms
Sudden onset of high fever which may last from 2 to 7 days
Joint and muscle pain and pain behind the eyes
Weakness
Skin rashes
Nose bleeding when fever starts to subside
Abdominal pain
Vomiting of coffee-colored matter
Dark-colored stools
Difficulty of breathing
Many people experience no signs or symptoms of a dengue infection.
When symptoms do occur, they may be mistaken for other illnesses — such as the
flu — and usually begin four to 10 days after you are bitten by an infected
mosquito.
Dengue fever causes a high fever — 104 F (40 C) — and any of the following signs
and symptoms:
Headache
Muscle, bone or joint pain and Pain behind the eyes
Nausea
Vomiting
Swollen glands
Rash
Most people recover within a week or so. In some cases, symptoms worsen and can
become life-threatening. This is called severe dengue, dengue hemorrhagic fever
or dengue shock syndrome.
Severe dengue happens when your blood vessels become damaged and leaky. And
the number of clot-forming cells (platelets) in your bloodstream drops. This can
lead to shock, internal bleeding, organ failure and even death.
Warning signs of severe dengue fever — which is a life-threatening emergency —
can develop quickly. The warning signs usually begin the first day or two after your
fever goes away, and may include:
Severe stomach pain
Persistent vomiting
Bleeding from your gums or nose
Blood in your urine, stools, or vomit
Bleeding under the skin, which might look like bruising
Difficult or rapid breathing
Fatigue
Irritability or restlessness
Treatment
Do not give aspirin for fever
avoid other OTC pain relievers, including aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB,
others) and naproxen sodium (Aleve). These pain relievers can increase the risk
of dengue fever bleeding complications.
Give enough water or rehydrate a dengue suspect.
Some patients with severe dengue present with severe dehydration. This is the
most common complication in dengue cases and the main cause of death, related to
plasma leakage.
Patients have symptoms of digestive disorders, severe diarrhea, accompanied by
vomiting, fatigue, lethargy, pain in the liver, ... Many healthy people can be
subjective, not paying attention to the phenomenon of dehydration., leading to
massive bleeding, plasma is leaked through the vessel wall, leading to water
movement, resulting in a large amount of water loss in the circulatory system.
Consequences cause shock, cardiovascular collapse, coma, liver, and kidney
dysfunction.
If fever or symptoms persist fir 2 or more days, bring the patient to the nearest hospital.
Prevention
Follow the 4-5 against Dengue:
1. Search and destroy
Cover water drums and pails.
Replace water in flower vases once a week.
Clean gutters of leaves and debris
Collect and dispose all unusable tin cans, jars, bottles, and other items, that can collect
and hold water.
2. Self-Protection Measures
Wear long pants and long-sleeved shirt
Use mosquito repellant every day.
3. Seek Early Consultation
Consult the doctors immediately if fever persist after 2 days and rashes appears.
4. Say Yes to Fogging When there is an Impending Outbreak or a Hotspot
