THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD
NAME: Angel Noah S. Rabong
COURSE & YEAR: Beed 1 S10
INSTRUCTOR: Mr. Rodulfo E. Cañete Jr.
MODULE 1
INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF
GLOBALIZATION
OVERVIEW
This course will introduce you to the contemporary world by examining the
multifaced phenomenon of globalization. Using the various disciplines of the social sciences,
social, political, technological, and other transformation that have created an increasing
awareness of the interconnectedness of peoples and places around the globe. To this end, the
course will also provide you an overview of the various debates in global governance,
development, and sustainability. Beyond exposing the student to the world outside the
Philippines, it seeks to inculcate a sense of global citizenship and global ethical
responsibility.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
1. share a personal definition of globalization
2. describe the nature of globalization
3. differentiate competing conception of globalizations; and
4. synthesize and agree on a working definition of globalization for the course
Keywords: Globalization, economic activity, trade, cultural exchange
EXPECTATIONS
In this lesson, you will be exposed to the concept of globalization and how it affects the
economic status of a particular nation or state. You are going to critic news reports discussing
about the emergence and role of globalization in the process of global development. Look for
an updated news reports or article as your sample. Hence, you will be aware of the recent
changes of the world. The textbooks that you have received will be helpful to you during our
online interaction and when you answer the tasks in the module.
DISCUSSION
The first concept that you are going to encounter is the definition of the word Globalization.
But how do you understand the word itself. Try the activity below using your own
interpretation of the word at the center.
GLOBALIZATION
Economic Social
Political Cultural
Later, let us see if the words you have written in the boxes are closely associated on the main
concept.
Below, is the nature of globalization which are all significant as we go through with
the discussion on globalization.
NATURE OF GLOBALIZATION
1. Liberalization. It stands for freedom of the entrepreneurs to establish any
industry or trade or business venture, within their own countries or abroad.
2. Free trade. It stands for free flow of trade relations among all the nations.
Each state grants (most favored nations) status to other states and keeps its business
and trade away from excessive and hard regularly and protective regimes.
3. Globalization of Economic Activity. Economic activities are to be governed
both by the domestic market and also the world market. It stands for the process of
integrating the domestic economy with world economies.
4. Liberalization of Import-Export System. It stands for liberating the import-
export activity and securing a free flow of goods and services across borders.
5. Privatization. Keeping the state away from ownership of means of
reproduction and distribution and letting the free flow of industrial, trade and
economic activity across borders.
6. Increased Collaborations. Encouraging the process of collaborations among
the entrepreneurs with a view to secure rapid modernization, development and
technological advancement.
7. Economic Reforms. Encouraging fiscal and financial reforms with a view to
give strength to free world trade, free enterprise, and market forces.
Give your viewpoints on the two conditions about the meaning of globalization to you.
Write your answer by giving a brief explanation out of the given statements.
The formation of a global village
A global village, as defined by Marshall McLuhan, is when the world becomes like a
small world or a single unit through technology. People can share, communicate, and
get information wherever they are. Through the global village, we can get information
about the situations of other countries, like population and trends, easily. A global
village is already the current reality of our state. It is because of this idea that people
throughout the world are interconnected through the use of new media technologies
that People can communicate and travel in a much easier way because of the
technologies or electronics used to communicate.
Economic globalization
Economic globalization is the term used to describe the growing interdependence of world
economies as a result of the expansion of international capital flows, the wide and quick diffusion
of technology, and the size of cross-border trade in goods and services. At the turn of the
millennium, it represents the ongoing enlargement and reciprocal integration of market borders
and is an unstoppable trend for global economic growth. The two main drivers driving economic
globalization are the marketization and the information's constantly expanding importance in all
forms of productive activity. In other words, the environment in which the market economic
system has thrived has led to the rapid globalization of the world's economy in recent years,
which is largely dependent on the rapid development of science and technology
You will notice that the world continues its developments towards human interactions and
movements. From there, list down some signs of globalizations observable to you in our
contemporary time.
SIGNS OF GLOBALIZATION
1. Increase in international flow of capital including foreign direct
investment
2. Increase production and output and consumption
3. Greater international cultural exchange between different cultures among
different countries
4. Development of telecommunications infrastructure
5. Greater transborder data flow, using such technologies as the Internet,
communication satellites, and telephones
6. Greater international travel and tourism
On the other side of defining globalization, here are two terms that you need to distinguish.
Both are helpful as you continue to learn the lesson.
Does economic globalization lift all boats, or is it a modern form of empire?
Currently, in the actual world, economic globalization DOES NOT raise all boats. How some
people's "boats" are not raised is seen in many glaring examples. They are even lowered
occasionally. For instance, when the United States prohibited some imports in 1993, Bangladesh had
to dismiss 50,000 kids from school. A little over half of those who entered school ended up in subpar
positions. This is an instance where the intimate and interconnected links that nations have as a result
of globalization hurt other people.
Anti-Globalization
Many anti globalism activists see globalization as the promotion of a Corporatist
agenda, which is intent om constructing the freedoms of individuals in the name or
profit. They also claim that increasing autonomy and strength of corporate entities
increasingly shape the political policy of nation-states. Globalization imposes credit-
based economics, resulting in unsuitable growth of debt and debt crises.
Pro-Globalization
Supporters of free trade point out that economic theories such as comparative
advantage suggests that free trade leads to a more efficient allocation of resources,
with all those involved in the trade benefiting. In general, they claim that this leads to
lower prices, more employment and better allocation of resources.
The Philippines itself is part of globalization so with any countries around the world. Though
we are just a small nation we take all the challenges and contribute to global progress. If you
are listening or reading news reports, the gradual progress of our country now could be
categorized as part of globalization.
Do this activity below to support the idea that globalization has been contributing the
country’s economic status. Write in sentences or paragraph form.
Through growing economic liberalization and technological advancements, globalization and its
interconnection have created new prospects for both local and global development. The effects of
globalization have been uneven, even though some nations have successfully adapted to the changes
and benefited from them. This essay makes an effort to assess how globalization has affected
economic growth over the past few decades, especially in developing nations. To achieve this goal,
this study first illustrates global integration patterns using information from various sources. This
research demonstrates how the recent development of global economic integration has been very
unequal. Additionally, it demonstrates how much more some developing nations are integrating into
the world economy.
Examples of Globalizatio n
Cultural globalization- refers to the interpretation of cultures which, as a
consequence, means nations adopt principles, beliefs, and costumes of other nations,
losing their unique culture to a unique, globalized supra-culture.
Economic globalization- is the development of trade systems within transnational
actors such as corporations or NGO’s
Industrial Globalization- Every country in the world is moving towards
specialization may be referred to as the phenomenon of producing only that product
in which the country has competitive advantage in terms of cost. For example,
Singapore specializes in pharmaceutical while the US specializes in military
equipment.
Therefore, the counties exchange their industrial products, which is known as trade,
and fulfill the requirements of their people. Every country of the world today is
involved in trade and is depended on some other country one way or the other. The
US is the biggest economy in the world and even that is depended on other countries
for many of its needs. Hence the industries of the whole world today are considered to
be working not for their native countries but for the world as a whole.
Financial Globalization- can be linked with the rise of a global financial system with
international financial exchanges and monetary exchanges. Stock markets, for
instance, are a great example of the financially connected global world since when
one stock market has a decline, it affects other markets negatively as a whole.
Social Globalization- Refers to the sharing of ideas and information between and
through different countries. In today’s world, the internet and social media is at the
heart of this. Good examples of social globalization could have included
internationally popular films, books, and TV series. The Harry Potter/ Twilight films
and books have been successful all over the world, making the characters featured
globally recognizable. However, this cultural flow tends to flow from the center (i.e.
from developed countries such as the USA to less developed countries). Social
globalization is often criticized for eroding cultural differences.
Ecological Globalization- accounts for the idea of considering planet Earth as a
single global entity – a common good all societies should protect since the weather
affects everyone and we are all protected by the same atmosphere. To this regard, it is
often said that the poorest countries who have been polluting the least will suffer the
most from climate change.
Political Globalization- the development and growing influence of international
organizations such as the UN or WHO means governmental action takes place at an
international level.
Technological Globalization- the phenomenon by which millions of people are
interconnected thanks to the power of the digital world via flatforms such as
facebook, Instagram, skype or Youtube
Geographic Globalization – is the new organization and hierarchy of different
regions of the world that s constantly changing. Moreover, with transportation and
flying made so easy and affordable, apart from a few countries with demanding visas,
it is possible to travel the world without barely any restrictions
LEARNING SUMMARY
Complete the table on the advantages and disadvantages of globalization in general. Consider
the global changes happening now.
Advantages Disadvantages
Domestic businesses now have more Globalization may slow the overall rate of
resources to meet the demands of expanding economic growth in these developing nations.
foreign customers and follow global trends
thanks to globalization.
Global trade and business are now accessible Industrialization, which can occasionally hurt
to all nations at competitive commodity the environment, is favored by globalization.
prices.
Governments have been able to support Trade imbalance has been worse over time in
infrastructural development and economic industrialized nations due to increased market
growth as a result of globalization. competitiveness brought on by globalization.
Greater access to better services and a growth Due to the desire for lower-paid, higher-
in GDP are both results of globalization. skilled labor, globalization may result in
greater unemployment rates.
Technology has undergone significant change Because specialization leads to poverty,
as a result of globalization, paving the path globalization can exacerbate the issue of
for overall advancement. inequality globally.
REFLECTION
After a thorough discussion and understanding of the lessons, write a comprehensive
response about the concept and impact of globalization
1. Has globalization gone too far, not far enough, or has it been heading in the wrong
direction?
To increase competition in non-tradable sectors the way trade liberalization has in
tradable sectors is the problem. Globalization just exists, and it has existed ever
since the first merchant ventured outside of his own borders to locate clients to
purchase his goods and labor and resources to manufacture them thousands of
years ago. Rather than having gone too far, globalization has not gone far enough.
The pace of locating customers and employees is accelerated by improved
communications and technologies. Every time a supplier changes, someone wins
and someone loses. To some, it could appear to be something new, but the process
is still the same and, barring war and epidemics, will continue to be so for
generations to come.
2. Is "globalization" another word for Americanization?
Only if Americanization is understood to be the state of cultural mingling can
globalization be referred to as Americanization. Westernization and
Americanization are single-direction tendencies, whereas globalization is a multi-
direction trend. For globalization, various cultures may spread from their places of
origin to other parts of the world.
REFERENCES
Dacles, Darwin Don M. & Maslang, Kenneth L. (2018), The Contemporary World.
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya: SMU Publishing House
Haywood, A. Politics. London: Palgrave Mcmillan.2012 Claudio, L. & Abinales, P.(2018).
The Contemporary World. C&E Publishing, Inc
