Diversity of Organisms

1.1  Diversity of Organisms

What is Biodiversity?
The diversity of organisms, whether microorganisms, animals or plants, is known as biodiversity.

Biodiversity exists as a result of the diversity of habitat and climate.

Importance of Biodiversity
Sources of food
Balance in nature 
Recreational places
Medical
Raw material for industries
Education

Effective Biodiversity Management

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1.2  Classification of Organisms

Classification of organisms
Animals Plants
Invertebrates Non-Flowering Plants

Vertebrates Flowering Plants

1) ANIMALS

Invertebrates

Invertebrates are animals without a backbone

Without legs
Without segmented body With segmented body
1. Sponge 1. Earthworm

2. Corals 2. Leech

With legs 
Three pairs of legs More than three pairs of legs
Ant Scorpion
Butterfly Prawn

Vertebrates

Vertebrates are animals with a backbone

Vertebrates
Poikilothermic
Breathe through gills
Fish Lays eggs
Undergo external fertilisation

Poikilothermic
Young amphibians - breathe through gills
Amphibians Adult amphibians - breathe using lungs and moist skin
Undergo external fertilisation

Poikilothermic
Breathe through lungs
Reptiles Produce eggs with a shell
Undergo internal fertilisation

Homeothermic
Breathe through lungs
Birds Produce eggs with hard shell
Undergo internal fertilisation

Homeothermic
Breathe through lungs
Mammals Give birth and nurse their young
Undergo internal fertilisation

2) PLANTS
Non-Flowering Plants

Moss Fern Conifer

* Non-vascular * Vascular * Vascular

Flowering Plants

Monocotyledons Dicotyledons
A seed that has one cotyledon is called a monocotyledon A seed with a pair of cotyledons is called a dicotyledon

  DIFFERENCES  
One Number of cotyledons Two
Fibrous root Root Tap root
Leaves with parallel veins Leaf Leaves with network-like veins
Most have non-woody system Stem Woody system
Paddy and maize plants Example Tomato plant and durian tree

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