Fire Risk Consultancy Limited are pleased to announce the release of our latest online training course

“Smoke Control Made Simple”.

This course will revolutionise the knowledge on smoke control for all sectors of the industry. We have
developed a highly innovative method of determining the ventilation requirements of virtually any
building with an atrium from start to finish. Application of this method has been designed to make
sure you consider all areas required to ensure the smoke control system is compliant and will certify
that the design objectives are met.

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Eleven Step Guide

This online training course will go through the eleven step guide to determining the ventilation
requirements of buildings. This guide takes you through all the steps systematically and each step is
followed by exercises for you to complete to confirm your understanding. Click to view an introduction
to the eleven step guide.

\Step One – Determine the design objectives

Step two – Determine the fire size

Step Three – Determine the mass flow rate of smoke

Step Four – Determine the temperature of the smoke

Step Five – Carry out a stratification check

Step Six – Determine the ventilation requirements

Step Seven – Identify the number of exhaust points

Step Eight – Carry out a stagnation check

Step Nine – Carry out a plugholing check

Step Ten – Ensure the air velocity does not impede the Means of Escape

Step Eleven – Post design considerations

Here are some samples of the content of the course.

Sample 1

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Sample 2

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Sample 3

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Sample 4

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Sample 5

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Sample 6

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Sample 7

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Sample 8

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This course will give you an invaluable insight into the principles of smoke management. On
completion of this course you will have the ability and confidence to carry out calculations that
previously had to be carried out by qualified fire engineers. It will enable enforcing authorities,
including building control bodies and fire authorities, to be able to check schemes prior to confirming
code compliance. This should allow the field of smoke management to advance due to a greater
understanding of the subject. On completion of this course you will be able to complete the following
exercises

Exercise 1

A twin span sprinklered building is used for the storage of miscellaneous goods up to a height of 7m.
The smoke exhaust system is for property protection only. The assumed heat release rate for the
goods stored is 625 kWm-2.

The expected size of the fire is 3m x 3m = 9m 2.. The building is 60m by 150m with a height of 8.5 m
to the eaves and 11m to the ridge. The ventilators are located on the centre line as shown here. A
natural ventilation system is proposed.

Determine the ventilation requirements using the eleven step guide

Calculate the mass flow rate of smoke and the temperature of the smoke

Determine if a stratification check is required

Determine the number of reservoirs, the required area of ventilation in each reservoir and decide how
many ventilators are required and where they should be located

Carry out a stagnation check if required and a plugholing check

Exercise 2

The building illustrated in this diagram is to be used as a storage warehouse. It is to be installed with
a sprinkler system complying with the LPC rules, an area of fire of 9m 2 can be assumed.
The premises will have a smoke control system for property protection. The warehouse will store
goods to a height of 5m and a heat release rate of 425kWm -2 can be assumed.

Determine the natural ventilation requirements using the eleven step guide

Calculate the mass flow rate of smoke and the temperature of the smoke

Determine whether a stratification check is required

Determine the number of reservoirs, the required area of ventilation in each reservoir and decide how
many ventilators are required and where they should be located

Carry out a stagnation check and a plugholing check

Exercise  3

The building illustrated in this diagram is to be used as a factory. The factory will deal with a variety of
goods to a height of 3m. The heat release rate density can be taken as 320 kWm -2 for the contents at
this height. The building is to be installed with a sprinkler system with sprinklers spaced 3m apart.
The largest assumed fire will be contained to 6m by 6m by the sprinklers. The premises will have a
natural smoke control system for life and property protection.

Determine the ventilation requirements using the eleven step guide

Calculate the mass flow rate of smoke and the temperature of the smoke

Determine whether a stratification check is required

Determine the number of reservoirs, the required area of ventilation in each reservoir and decide how
many ventilators are required and where they should be located

Carry out a stagnation check and a plugholing check

Ensure that the air inlet velocity does not impede the means of escape.

Exercise 4

The building illustrated in this diagram is to be used as a storage warehouse for finished goods in
cardboard cartons stored to a height of 8m.  The estimated heat release rate density is 600 kWm -2.

The building is to be installed with a sprinkler system complying with the LPC rules, an area of fire of
20.25m2 can be assumed.  The premises are to be provided with a natural smoke control system for
property protection.

Determine the ventilation requirements using the eleven step guide?

Calculate the mass flow rate of smoke and the temperature of the smoke?

Carry out a stratification check?

Determine the number of reservoirs, the required area of ventilation in each reservoir and decide how
many ventilators are required and where they should be located?

Carry out a stagnation check if required and a plugholing check?

Exercise 5

A twin span sprinklered building is used for the storage of goods up to a height of 9.6m.   The
assumed heat release rate for the goods stored is 875 kWm -2.

The expected size of the fire is 4m x 4m = 16m 2

The building is 80m by 140m with a height of 12.6 m to the eaves and 15m to the ridge

The ventilators are located on the centre line as shown here and therefore the depth of the smoke
layer from the ventilators will be 13.7m – 10.1m  =  3.6m

(This assumes a 0.5m clear layer height above the stores).

Determine the ventilation requirements using the eleven step guide?

Calculate the mass flow rate of smoke and the temperature of the smoke?

Carry out a stratification check?

Determine the number of reservoirs, the required area of ventilation in each reservoir and decide how
many ventilators are required and where they should be located?

Carry out a stagnation check if required and a plugholing check?

Ensure that the air inlet velocity does not impede the means of escape.

Exercise 6

This building is to be used as a storage warehouse for finished goods in cardboard cartons stored to a
height of 8m.  The estimated heat release rate density is 600 kWm -2.
The building is to be installed with a sprinkler system complying with the LPC rules, an area of fire of
20.25m2 can be assumed.  The premises are to be provided with a mechanical smoke control system
for property protection.

Fans with a capacity of 10 m3s-1 and a throat diameter of 0.8 m have been proposed.

Determine the ventilation requirements using the eleven step guide?

Calculate the mass flow rate of smoke and the temperature of the smoke?

Carry out a stratification check?

Determine the number of fans required in each reservoir?

Carry out a stagnation check if required and a plugholing check?

Ensure that the air inlet velocity does not impede the means of escape.

Exercise 7

A large factory development, as shown in this diagram, has agreed a worst case fire scenario where,
in order to maintain means of escape from a mezzanine, the height of rise of smoke to the base of the
established smoke layer, z, will be 24m. The worst case fire will be 3m by 3m with a heat release rate
density (qf) of 625 kWm-2.

A figure of 0.8 has been agreed as the appropriate value of chi (convective portion of heat output). 
The factory will have a flat roof.

 
Determine the ventilation requirements using the eleven step guide?

Calculate the mass flow rate of smoke and the temperature of the smoke?

Carry out a stratification check?

Determine the number of reservoirs, the required area of ventilation in each reservoir and decide how
many ventilators are required and where they should be located?

Carry out a stagnation check if required and a plugholing check?

Ensure that the air inlet velocity does not impede the means of escape.

Exercise 8

An airport terminal building is 240m x 180m x 10m high, and has a flat roof. Sprinklers are fitted with
a grid spacing of 3m x 3m.  The largest anticipated value for qf in the building is 300kWm-2

Due to large travel distances, you are to design a smoke control system for life safety. The required
clear layer height = 4m.  It is proposed to use natural ventilators located in the roof.  The chosen
ventilators have an AvCv of 1.75 m2.
Determine the ventilation requirements using the eleven step guide?

Calculate the mass flow rate of smoke and the temperature of the smoke?

Carry out a stratification check?

Determine the number of reservoirs, the required area of ventilation in each reservoir and decide how
many ventilators are required and where they should be located?

Carry out a stagnation check if required and a plugholing check?

Ensure that the air inlet velocity does not impede the means of escape.

Exercise 9

An office building has a 32m high atrium.  The atrium is entirely enclosed by fire resisting glazing and
construction but at ground floor and first floor there are a small number of openings into the atrium
from adjacent rooms.   The building is sprinklered with the exception of the atrium. There is no fire
loading is permitted within the atrium base.  The design fire is based on the figures for offices given in
table 3.3 on page 18 of BR368.  There will be a very small ambient temperature gradient between the
top and the bottom of the atrium equal to 0.3Km-1.

Exercise 9
The openings into the atrium are as follows:

a)     Two at ground floor, both 2.6m high and 9m wide.  These come from separate rooms with fire
resisting walls separating them
b)    One at first floor level 3.2m high and 6m wide.

c)     c) One at second floor level 2.6m high and 5m wide.  The top of this opening is 9.0m above the
ground floor in the atrium.

Any spill plume would be adhered.  There are no balconies outside the openings, the smoke will simply
leave an opening and travel straight up the wall above it. There is a downstand at the openings. 
There is to be mechanical ventilation at the top of the atrium (32m above ground).  The fans are rated
at 11m3.sec with a throat diameter of 0.9m

The atrium is not large enough to require more than a single reservoir (1450m 2)  so replacement air
for the SHEVS will be supplied by automatic opening doors and vents at ground and first floor level
with a total geometric area of 8.2m2.

1. Where should the base of the smoke layer be allowed to descend to ?

This building is to be used as a storage warehouse with goods stored to a height of 8m.  The
estimated heat release rate density is 600 kWm-2.

The building is to be installed

Fans with a capacity of 10 m3s-1 and a throat diameter of 0.8 m have been proposed.

Q.   Determine the ventilation requirements of this building.

Exercise 11

The building illustrated in this diagram is to be used as a storage warehouse for finished goods stored
to a height of 9.1m.  The estimated heat release rate density is 825 kWm -2

 
The building is to be installed with a sprinkler system complying with the LPC rules, an area of fire of
16m2 can be assumed.  The premises are to be provided with a natural smoke control system for
property protection and life safety due to extended travel distances.

Q.  Determine the smoke requirements of this building

Exercise 12

A plan has been submitted to convert two adjacent shop units into a single shop unit.  The width of
the proposed shop front will be 14m wide and 2.2m high.   The shop is fitted with fast response
sprinklers

The units are on the ground floor and the mall has two storeys.   There are balconies above the
ground floor shop fronts as shown in this diagram which represents a section through the shop unit
and mall outside it.  The appropriate value for the coefficient of entrainment within the shop is 0.21.  
The down stand at the shop front is 0.5m deep.  Assume the ambient temperature to be 288K or
15oC. Because the new large shop unit would spill smoke into two separate reservoirs, the designer
proposes to create a small reservoir outside the shop unit to contain the smoke and to extract it
mechanically from there.
The small reservoir will be 14m wide and 5.6m from the shop front downstand to the containment
screen at the edge of the underside of the balcony. They have proposed to have 4 ventilators rated at
10m3.sec with a throat diameter of 0.9.  The inlet air is provided by doors and automatic opening
vents with an area of 11m2

Can you check the submission?

Exercise 13

A shopping mall is fitted throughout with standard response sprinklers.  There is a proposal to convert
two adjacent shop units into a single shop unit.  The width of the proposed shop front will be 12.2m
and it will be 2.4m high.

The units are on the ground floor and the mall has two storeys.  There are balconies above the ground
floor shop fronts as shown in this diagram which represents a section through the shop unit and mall
outside it

The appropriate value for the coefficient of entrainment within the shop is 0.21.  The down stand at
the shop front is 0.5m deep.  Assume the ambient temperature to be 288K or 15C.Because the new
large shop unit would spill smoke into two separate reservoirs, the designer proposes to remove the
down stand and use mechanical slot extraction at the front of the shop to stop any smoke from
leaving the shop into the mall.

They have proposed a system which will extract 45m 3.second

As a building control inspector can you check that the system will be adequate?

Exercise 14
A plan has been submitted to convert two adjacent shop units into a single shop unit.  The width of
the proposed shop front will be 11.5m wide and 2.4m high. The shop is fitted with standard response
sprinklers

The units are on the ground floor and the mall has two storeys.   There are balconies above the
ground floor shop fronts as shown in this diagram which represents a section through the shop unit
and mall outside it.  Because the new large shop unit would spill smoke into two separate reservoirs,
the designer proposes to create a small reservoir outside the shop unit to contain the smoke and to
extract it mechanically from there.   The small reservoir will be 11.5m wide and 4.8m from the shop
front downstand to the containment screen at the edge of the underside of the balcony

They have proposed to have 4 ventilators rated at 12m 3.sec with a throat diameter of 1.1m.  The inlet
air is provided by doors and automatic opening vents with an area of 12.5m 2

Can you check the submission?

Click to download sample of handout which accompanies course 

Password to open file –   frc310770120564

Click to download sample exercises which are to be completed on completion of the

course 

Duration

This course has been accredited with 40 hours CPD

.
Cost

Normally £1200 for 3 months access  (Special offer – We are offering this to the Fire Service for
only £495 for 12 months access per delegate)

The Online Smoke Calculator

This product goes through the whole process of determining the smoke requirements of a building
from the design phase through to the post design considerations.

It enables the user to quickly and accurately determine the smoke management requirements of
buildings with ventilation systems.  It can calculate natural and mechanical ventilation requirements
and will assist the user in determining various parameters of a smoke management system.

The smoke calculator will:

 Look at design fire sizes and smoke mass flow rates for both simple and complex plumes.
 Assist in determining the number of smoke reservoirs and ventilators required and give
advice on their sizing.
 Quickly and accurately identify areas such as stratification, stagnation and plug holing
checks.
 Determine the necessary air inlet requirements to prevent tenable conditions being
exceeded.
 Revolutionise how smoke ventilation requirements are determined by allowing enforcers to
check submissions for compliance with various global codes.
 Provide the opportunity to establish when certain formulae are applicable and note their
limitations.
 Increase safety for all buildings with smoke management systems by removing existing
inconsistencies.
 Allow more people to understand the complex issues with smoke design
 

This calculator is designed for use by all fire officers, fire safety professionals, fire engineers, building
control bodies, approved inspectors, fire risk assessors and anyone with any involvement in smoke
management systems.

This product is designed to significantly reduce time and effort by quickly and accurately calculating
results. Results must then be verified by the relevant enforcing authority as per current practice.

This product is being offered FREE to the Fire Service.

If you are interested please contact us on 01832 710770   or email   [email protected]