THE MIDTERM
RESULTS
ARE GOING TO BE ANNOUNCED
AT THE WEEKEND
http://gej2.pbworks.com
↑ ALL YOUR MATERIALS ARE/WILL BE THERE↑
CLASS #1: AP
CLASS #2: AP/AdvP
CLASS #3: AdvP, PP
CLASS #4: PP
CLASS #5: ADVERBIALS
CLASS #6: ADVERBIALS
CLASS #7: MIDTERM OVERVIEW AND
SIMPLE SENTENCE INTRO
MIDTERM TEST
CLASS #8: SIMPLE SENTENCE
CLASS #9: SIMPLE SENTENCE
CLASS #10: COMPLEX SENTENCE
CLASS #11: COMPLEX SENTENCE
CLASS #12: COMPLEX SENTENCE ,
WRAP-UP & ORAL EXAM HINTS
COMPLEX
SENTENCE
CLASS #11
2016-05-17
REVIEW:
TYPES OF CLAUSES
&
INTRO TO CONDITIONALS
FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF
DEPENDENT CLAUSES
Dependent clauses can function as:
• SYNTACTIC CONSTITUENTS
– NOMINAL CLAUSES (functioning as S, O, C)
– ADVERBIAL CLAUSES (functioning as ADV(erbial)s)
• PARTS OF OTHER PHRASES (postmodification
of NP, postmodification of AP, complement of
PP, postmodification of AdvP) e.g.:
– Relative clauses
– Comparative clauses
TYPES OF CLAUSES: summary
END OF REVIEW:
TYPES OF CLAUSES
&
INTRO TO CONDITIONALS
ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF CONDITION
GENERAL (i.e. (VERY) BRIEF) OVERVIEW
CONDITIONAL CLAUSES
Conditional clauses are adverbial clauses (i.e.
subordinate clauses) which convey a condition upon
which the situation in the main clause is DEPENDENT.
They are introduced by the following subordinators:
If
unless (negative condition)
on condition (that)
provided (that)
given (that)
supposing (that)
assuming (that)
in case
as long as
if only
TYPES OF CONDITIONAL CLAUSES
Depending on the type of condition that they express,
conditional clauses can be classified into:
Direct conditional clauses
They convey a CONDITION UPON WHICH THE SITUATION IN
THE MAIN CLAUSE IS DIRECTLY DEPENDENT, there are two
subtypes:
OPEN : If it doesn’t rain, we’ll go out.
HYPOTHETICAL : If it weren’t raining, we’d go out.
Indirect conditional clauses
They convey a CONDITION UPON WHICH THE SITUATION IN
THE MAIN CLAUSE IS INDIRECTLY RELATED WITH
If you are going my way, I need a lift.
Rhetorical conditional clauses
They are used as figures of speech to EMPHASIZE THE
NEGATION OF THE MAIN CLAUSE:
If they’re telling the truth, I’m the king of Spain.
TRADITIONAL CLASSIFICATION
According to the traditional classification, all conditional
clauses (or conditionals) are classified into:
FIRST CONDITIONAL / TYPE A / TYPE 1
IF SHE COMES TO THE PARTY, HE WILL BE HAPPY.
TIME REFERENCE: FUTURE, FULFILMENT POSSIBLE, REAL POSSIBILITY
SECOND CONDITIONAL / TYPE B / TYPE 2
IF SHE CAME TO THE PARTY, HE WOULD BE HAPPY.
TIME REFERENCE: FUTURE, FULFILMENT ALMOST IMPOSSIBLE, LOW
POSSIBILITY (DREAM, WISHFUL THINKING, ETC.)
THIRD CONDITIONAL / TYPE C / TYPE 3
IF SHE HAD COME TO THE PARTY, HE WOULD HAVE BEEN HAPPY.
TIME REFERENCE: PAST, FULFILMENT IMPOSSIBLE, UNREAL
POSSIBILITY
MIXED TYPE (e.g. ZERO CONDITIONALS)
IF SOMEBODY IS AT THE PARTY, HE SHOULD BE PARTYING.
TIME REFERENCE: ALWAYS, FULFILMENT CERTAIN, NO POSSIBILITY:
CERATINTY OTHER TIME REFERENCES ALSO EXIST
TRADITIONAL vs. LINGUISTIC CLASSIFICATION
FIRST CONDITIONAL > OPEN CONDITIONAL,
FUTURE TIME REFERENCE
IF SHE COMES TO THE PARTY, HE WILL BE HAPPY.
SECOND CONDITIONAL > HYPOTHETICAL
CONDITIONAL, FUTURE TIME REFERENCE
IF SHE CAME TO THE PARTY, HE WOULD BE HAPPY.
THIRD CONDITIONAL > HYPOTHETICAL
CONDITIONAL, PAST TIME REFERENCE
IF SHE HAD COME TO THE PARTY, HE WOULD HAVE BEEN HAPPY.
OPEN CONDITIONAL CLAUSES
Open conditionals are called open, because they convey
open or real conditions.
In other words, the question of whether the condition will be
fulfilled is OPEN, i.e. the possibility for the condition to be
fulfilled EXISTS.
They can have the following time references:
FUTURE
PRESENT
PAST
There are NO RESTRICTIONS on the use of verb forms (in
either the IF-CLAUSE or the MAIN CLAUSE)
I.e. THE COMBINATION OF TENSES IS FREE
The use (mood) of verb forms is INDICATIVE (NOT
hypothetical), therefore the open conditional clauses are
SUBJECT TO THE SEQUENCE OF TENSES RULE
OPEN CONDITIONAL CLAUSES
=> FUTURE TIME REFERENCE
OPEN CONDITIONAL CLAUSES
=> PRESENT TIME REFERENCE
OPEN CONDITIONAL CLAUSES
=> PAST TIME REFERENCE
HYPOTHETICAL CONDITIONAL
CLAUSES
Hypothetical conditionals are called hypothetical (or unreal), because they convey
hypothetical/unreal conditions.
In other words, the question of whether the condition will be fulfilled is NOT OPEN,
i.e. the possibility for the condition to be fulfilled DOES NOT EXISTS.
They can have the following time references:
FUTURE
PRESENT
PAST
There are RESTRICTIONS on the use of verb forms (in both the IF-CLAUSE and the
MAIN CLAUSE)
I.e. THE COMBINATION OF TENSES IS NOT FREE
The use (mood) of verb forms is SUBJUNCTIVE (i.e. hypothetical), therefore the
hypothetical conditional clauses are NOT SUBJECT TO THE SEQUENCE OF TENSES
RULE
HYPOTHETICAL CONDITIONAL CLAUSES =>
FUTURE TIME REFERENCE
HYPOTHETICAL CONDITIONAL CLAUSES =>
PRESENT TIME REFERENCE
HYPOTHETICAL CONDITIONAL
CLAUSES => PAST TIME REFERENCE
CONDITIONAL CLAUSES
=> CLOSING REMARKS
With verbs SHOULD, HAD and WERE it is possible
to have SUBJECT-OPERATOR INVERSION:
Had he done that, I would have helped him.
Were you in my shoes, you would do the same thing.
Should he send a complaint, we will sue him.
Will and would can have SPECIAL USES in IF-
CLAUSES:
POLITENESS: If you will/would wait, I will see to it.
EXPRESSING WILLINGNESS: If you will/would listen to
me, I will be able to help you.
EXAM
What it looks like…
WHEN AND WHERE IS IT?
WRITTEN EXAM IS ON JUNE 1, AT 18:00 IN THE
CLASSROOMS 107 (old numeration: 25/I) and
108 (old numeration: 26/I)
ORAL EXAM IS ON JUNE 25, AT 9:00 IN 239
WE WILL TRY TO SOLVE THE SAMPLE TEST
First, open your workbooks on page 184.
This is a sample test from June 2006.
There are 9 tasks.
In each task there is a minimum, i.e. you MUST score a
predefined number of points in EACH task.
Failure to score the minimum number of points does not mean
that you have failed the exam:
the number of points below the minimum is deducted from your score (it
is acceptable to have up to -2.5 points in the entire exam).
EXERCISE 1
1. Transform the following sentences by changing the nouns into
their corresponding verbs and making other necessary
changes. [ 5 pts, min.2]
For example: She gave a bitter smile. She smiled bitterly.
a) This beverage has an awful taste, don’t you think?
THIS BEVERAGE TASTES AWFUL.
b) The judge’s ruling on that case was very just.
THE JUDGE RULED THE CASE JUSTLY.
c) Bob’s answer to the teacher’s question was more than
sensible.
BOB ANSWERED THE TEACHER’S QUESTION SENSIBLY.
d) Mr Smith’s reaction was quite dramatic.
MR SMITH REACTED DRAMATICALLY.
e) John’s behaviour has always been rather cowardly.
JOHN HAS ALWAYS BEHAVED IN A COWARDLY WAY/MANNER.
EXERCISE 2
2. Link the following sentences into one sentence by using the
conjunctions in brackets and making necessary changes. [ 5 pts,
min.2]
a) You can take the week off, but you will have to finish all the
paperwork first. (after)
After finishing the paperwork you can take the week off. / You can take the week
off after you have finished all the paperwork. / etc.
b) They booked the tickets in advance. They didn’t want to miss the
con cert. (so that)
They booked the tickets in advance so that they wouldn’t miss the concert.
c) He treats me like a complete stranger. We did meet a few
months ago! (as though)
He treats me like a complete stranger as though we had not met a few months ago!
EXERCISE 2
2. Link the following sentences into one sentence by using the
conjunctions in brackets and making necessary changes. [
min.2]
d) Jane has tried hard not to think about her ex-husband, but she
still can’t think about anything else. (despite)
Despite trying hard not to think about her ex-husband, Jane
still cannot think about anything else.
e) I don’t believe he said such a thing to the boss. He’ll be in
trouble, otherwise. (if)
If he said such a thing to the boss, he would be in trouble.
EXERCISE 3
3. Underline the adverbs in each of the following sentences and
determine their syntactic function:
[ 4 pts, min.2]
a) I haven’t thought about this until now. Complement of P
rather: Modifier of AdvP
b) Tom answered the question rather bluntly.
bluntly: Adjunct
Conjunct
c) Moreover, they invested their money in several companies.
EXERCISE 3
Premodification of NP
d) It is such a nice day!
Premodification of PP
e) Go straight down the hall to room number 132.
Disjunct
f) Frankly, I can’t trust him.
Premodification of AP (inside a NP)
g) What you said is too strong a claim.
EXERCISE 4
4. Put the adjectives in brackets in the correct position within the given
noun phrase. [ 5 pts, min.2]
a) cottage (stone-built/small/country)
_________________________________
SMALL STONE-BUILT COUNTRY COTTAGE
b) scarf (blue/old/silk/embroidered)
_________________________________
OLD BLUE EMBROIDERED SILK SCARF
c) curtains (lovely/velvet/blue/long)
LOVELY LONG BLUE VELVET CURTAINS
_________________________________
d) cookies (Swiss/delicious/chocolate/boxed)
DELICIOUS BOXED SWISS CHOCOLATE COOKIES
_________________________________
e) pot (round/cooking/iron/small)
SMALL ROUND IRON COOKING POT
_________________________________
EXERCISE 5
5. Circle the correct form(s). [ 5 pts, min.2]
a) Crime and Punishment is / are my favourite novel.
b) Neither the coach nor the players is / are satisfied
with the result.
c) A large number of applicants was / were
interviewed.
d) Each of the passengers goes/go through customs and
passport control.
e) My favourite food is / are beans.
EXERCISE 6
6. Finish each of the following sentences in such a
way that it means exactly the same as the
sentence printed before it: [10 pts, min.4]
a) Starting smoking was a big mistake.
I wish______________________________
I HADN’T STARTED SMOKING.
b) You shouldn’t try to open the safe under any
circumstances.
NO CIRCUMSTANCES SHOULD YOU TRY TO OPEN THE SAFE.
Under______________________________
EXERCISE 6
c) Why didn’t you tell me about the party? You
know I like going to parties!
Had ______________________________
YOU TOLD ME ABOUT THE PARTY, I WOULD HAVE GONE TO IT / I WOULD HAV
LIKED TO GO.
d) “Don’t tell anyone or you’ll be sorry,” Mary
warned her brother.
Mary ______________________________
WARNED HER BROTHER NOT TO TELL ANYONE OR HE WOULD BE SORRY.
e) They didn’t suspect that the book was going to
be a bestseller.
DID THEY SUSPECT THAT THE BOOK WAS GOING TO BECOME A BESTSELLER.
Little ______________________________
EXERCISE 6
f) The police recommended every citizen to stay indoors
during the riots.
The police recommended that______________
______________________________________
EVERY CITIZEN (SHOULD) STAY INDOORS DURING THE RIOTS.
g) “Tell me, Cindy, what were you actually doing when the
lightening struck?”
I asked ______________________________
CINDY TO TELL ME WHAT SHE HAD ACTUALLY BEEN DOING WHEN THE
LIGHTENING (HAD) STRUCK.
h) It’s impossible to win a lottery. However, I would definitely
know how to spend the money.
If I ______________________________
WERE TO WIN A LOTTERY, I WOULD DEFINITELY KNOW HOW TO SPEND THE
MONEY.
EXERCISE 6
i) First he was promoted to executive manager.
Then he bought a very expensive car.
Having _____________________________
BEEN PROMOTED TO EXECUTIVE MANAGER, HE BOUGHT A VERY
EXPENSIVE CAR.
j) They believe that the police recaptured the
fugitive somewhere in Mexico.
The fugitive__________________________
IS BELIEVED TO HAVE BEEN RECAPTURED SOMEWHERE IN
MEXICO.
EXERCISE 7
7. Please translate the following sentences into
English; [ 4pts, min.2]
a) Sad bismo išli na pecanje da ne pada kiša.
________________________________
IF IT DIDN’T RAIN (WERE NOT RAINING), WE WOULD GO FISHING NOW.
b) Rekla mi je da će se preseliti u novi stan do kraja
sledeće nedelje.
SHE TOLD ME THAT SHE WOULD HAVE MOVED TO A NEW FLAT BY THE END OF THE
________________________________
FOLLOWING WEEK.
SHE TOLD ME THAT SHE WILL HAVE MOVED TO A NEW FLAT BY THE END OF THE
NEXT WEEK (if the ‘next week’ still hasn’t begun).
EXERCISE 7
c) Tek kada ga je napustila zauvek, on je shvatio
koliko je voli.
NO SOONER HAD SHE LEFT HIM, THAN HE REALIZED HOW MUCH HE LOVED HER.
________________________________
ONLY AFTER SHE (HAD) LEFT HIM, DID HE REALIZE HOW MUCH HE LOVED HER.
d) Pitala je da li se stari put popravlja.
________________________________
SHE ASKED WHETHER/IF THE OLD ROAD WAS BEING RECONSTRUCTED/REPAIRED.
EXERCISE 8
8. Underline all the adverbials in the following
sentences and specify their a. type (adjunct,
conjunct, disjunct) and subtype; b. position in
sentence (I, M, F) [5 pts, min.2]
e.g.: I see him [twice a week].
a. type: adjunct (time, frequency); b. position: F
EXERCISE 8
a) As far as politics is concerned, this is a problem.
a. ________
ADJUNCT: RESPECT b.________
I
b) All in all, they organized a great party.
a. CONJUNCT:
________ SUMMATIVE b. ________
I
c) In spite of his hard work, he failed the test.
a. ADJUNCT:
________CONTINGENCY b. ________
I
(CONCESSION)
EXERCISE 8
d)I entirely agree with you.
a. ADJUNCT:
_________ INTENSIFIER- b. _________
M
AMPLIFIER
a. ADJUNCT:
_________ PROCESS-MANNER b. _________
F
e) What is even more remarkable, he hasn’t been
arrested yet.
a. _________
DISJUNCT: CONTENT b. _________
I
a. ADJUNCT:
_________ TIME-other b. _________
F
relationships
EXERCISE 9
9. Analyse the following sentences by (i). identifying the
sentence elements (use underline or [ brackets]) and (2).
labelling Their structures (type of phrase or clause) and
functions (8, V, C, 0, A). Put optional elements in brackets (e.g.
(A)). Finally, (3). label relationships of subordination or
coordination of clauses, if any. [ 8 pts, min.4]
Example: [He] [didn’t know] [that I was coming soon]
NP, VP, nominal clause/ S V O / subordination
EXERCISE 9
a)[The man standing in front of you][seems][rather
happy][although he has just failed an exam. ]
NP S
S: __________ F: __________
VP V
S: __________ F: __________
AP (AP=ADJECTIVE phrase)
S: __________ F: __________
Cs
adverbial clause, finite,
S: __________
subordination (or ) F: __________
(A) - concession
EXERCISE 9
b) [Having considered the students’ requests,] [the
teacher][reluctantly][gave][them][a two-week extension
of the deadline.]
S: __________
Adverbial clause, non-fin, subordination F: __________
(A) - time
S: __________
NP F: __________
S
AdvP (A) – subjunct
S: __________ F: __________
VP V
S: __________ F: __________
NP Oi
NP Od
EXERCISE 9
c)[I][must admit][that what he has just done is the silliest
thing I’ve seen in years.]
S: NP
__________ F: S__________
S: VP
__________ F: V__________
S: nominal
__________
clause, finite, subordination (or F: Od
__________
)
S: __________ F: __________
EXERCISE 9
d)[Everybody who lives in that country][must show][a
good deal of enthusiasm,][but][many people][find][this
approach][pointless.]
S: __________
NP F: __________
S
S: __________
VP F: __________
V
S: __________
NP F: __________
Od
S: __________
conjunction F: __________
COORDINATOR (coordination/)
NP S
VP V
NP Od
AP Co
THE END
It can be done in 30 minutes, but you will have 90 minutes (an
hour and a half).
Total number of points: 51
In order to pass you will need to have at least 55% correct
answers (i.e. 28 points).
The written exam is valid for TWO (2) consecutive examination
terms (e.g. June and September, September and October,
October and January, etc.).
ORAL EXAM
THE MOST IMPORTANT QUESTION:
Why do you have the oral exam in the first place?
THE MOST IMPORTANT ANSWER:
The oral exam was introduced because it makes it
possible for the students to GET BETTER GRADES.
How many As (10s) were there in OJV1 (GEJ1)?
Too few, if you ask me.
Think about the oral exam as an opportunity to
increase you grade.
Additionally, the oral exam was introduced because the
accreditation committee insisted on having it in this course.
ORAL EXAM
THREE QUESTION:
2 theoretical questions
1 practical question (about 2 to 5 sentences in which
something has to be analyzed, e.g. function of adverbs,
syntactic constituents, semantic roles, etc.)
NORMALLY YOU ORAL EXAM SHOULD NOT LAST
MORE THAN 10 MINUTES (ACTUALLY IT USUALLY
LASTS BETWEEN 5 AND 8 MINUTES – BUT IT DEPENDS
ON THE COMBINATION OF QUESTIONS).
ORAL EXAM – sample questions #1
ORAL EXAM – sample questions #2
ORAL EXAM – sample questions #3
TEXTBOOKS
Greenbaum & Quirk,
A Student’s Grammar
of the English
Language
TEXTBOOKS
Đurić & Šević, A
Student’s Workbook
of English Grammar
THE WEBSITE IS LOCATED AT:
http://gej2.pbworks.com
NOW LET’S PREPARE FOR THE EXAM…
SOME SIMPLE and COMPLEX SENTENCES FROM
THE EXAMS: 1997-2015
Sentence Structure
(Language Workbooks)
Publishing date: 2005, July 12
Price: $30.95
' ... the book represents an excellent
and flawless attempt to learn syntax
through active explorations.' - The
Linguist List
Sentence Structure:
• introduces the evidence for sentence structure and
reveals its purpose
• is based on a problem-solving approach to
language
• teaches the reader how to identify word classes,
such as noun, preposition and demonstrative
• uses simple tree structures to analyse sentences
• contains numerous exercises to encourage practical
skills of sentence analysis
• includes a database and exercises that compare
the structure of English with other languages.
• The second edition of Sentence Structure has been
revised and updated throughout and includes new
material on tense, aspect, modality and the verb
phrase, whilst the order of topics has been
rearranged to improve clarity.
PRACTICE SENTENCES
The bird that was ruthlessly hunted has become
extinct.
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
PRACTICE SENTENCES
They were very proud that he was accepted.
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
PRACTICE SENTENCES
He answered the question I asked.
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
PRACTICE SENTENCES
Because we were late they decided to start eating.
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
PRACTICE SENTENCES
They decided because we were late to start eating.
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
PRACTICE SENTENCES
They decided to start eating because we were late.
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
PRACTICE SENTENCES
Whether this will help, I don’t know.
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
PRACTICE SENTENCES
She told me what?
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
PRACTICE SENTENCES
What did she tell me?
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
PRACTICE SENTENCE
I said that Mary told me that she was leaving.
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
PRACTICE SENTENCE
When she arrived, Mary told me that she was
leaving.
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
PRACTICE SENTENCES
He probably wants to leave town before it is too
late.
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
PRACTICE SENTENCES
I promised that the papers would be ready.
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
PRACTICE SENTENCES
This is the book that I am reading.
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
PRACTICE SENTENCES
Whenever we go, we should be careful.
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
PRACTICE SENTENCES
I said that I was intending to leave soon.
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
PRACTICE SENTENCES
Mary persuaded the woman to read both books.
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
PRACTICE SENTENCES
It seems that it has rained.
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
PRACTICE SENTENCES
He saw me walk to the store.
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
PRACTICE SENTENCES
We can overcome division only by refusing to be
divided.
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
S:_________________ F:___________________
PRACTICE SENTENCES
She persuaded me to eat it.
She wanted me to eat it.
She told me to eat it.
She promised me to eat it.
PRACTICE SENTENCES
I heard him reading the book to his daughter.
The dog was happy though wet.
The dog was happy though we were not.
PRACTICE SENTENCES
He was so in a rage that we had to leave.
It was so big a box that we had to knock part of
the wall down.
PRACTICE SENTENCES
He did so.
So he did!
We did it so as to leave him some food.
PRACTICE SENTENCES
We did it so that he would have some food.
They nevertheless decided to leave town.
Therefore I conclude that they entered by the back.
PRACTICE SENTENCES
She deliberately made him richer a person.
She almost sold the books to them for a pound.
The plane took off from the runway without trouble.
PRACTICE SENTENCES
Their finally acknowledging their mistake is a great
relief.
Who I spoke to is none of your business.
PRACTICE SENTENCES
The roads in the city deteriorated gradually over
time.
The women got really angry at the behavior.
I gave Mary the quite expensive book reluctantly.
PRACTICE SENTENCES
The men with beards walked across the garden
without shoes.
PRACTICE SENTENCES
John believes Mark to be telling the truth but Mary
considers this belief of his totally wrong.
PRACTICE SENTENCES
The dusty old picture of Lenin that used to be
placed on the highest shelf in President Putin’s office
suddenly disappeared over the weekend which the
president spent with his family in their holiday resort
in Sochi, where the Winter Olympics were held in
the early 2014.
