Endocrine System Lab Worksheet

Name: Edward Johnston

Please use the modules in the Visible Body Classroom (Ch. 24, 25, and 26) to complete this worksheet.
Turn the completed worksheets in to the Endocrine Lab assignment in d2l. Please see Visible Body
Tutorial document in d2l if you need help in using the chapters posted in the software.

Instructions:

Fill words to complete the sentence when seeing this type of blank ___1___. You can hide others and
click on anatomy structures to identify them in Visible Body when there are no listings on the left of the
screen for those structures.

Endocrine glands secrete chemical messengers called ___1___, which dissolve into ___2___ traveling to
different parts of the body where they bind to target receptors.

1) Hormones

2) Blood Plasma

What are three body functions that the endocrine system can regulate?

3) The body’s reaction to the environment

4) Level of substances in the blood

5) Metabolism and growth

Identify the following Endocrine System structures:

6) The pituitary gland

7) The Hypothalamus
8) The pineal gland

Identify the following endocrine organ that matches the following descriptions:

-located in the anterior neck region, produces key hormones used in metabolism

9) The thyroid gland.

-located superior to the heart, produces two hormones involved with T cell maturation

10) Thymus.

-mixed gland, located behind the stomach and close to the small intestine

11) The pancreas.

-found in pelvic cavity of females, produces female sex hormones

12) The gonads.

-a bilobed gland, attached to the end of the infundibulum

13) The pituitary gland.

-a small gland located in the epithalamus of the diencephalon, helps regulate circadian cycles

14) The pineal gland.

-small glands (usually four) located on the posterior side of the thyroid gland

15) Parathyroid glands.

-pyramid shaped glands located on the superior surface of the kidneys

If hormones travel in the bloodstream, why don’t all tissues respond to all hormones?

17) The target tissues will only respond if the hormones bind with specific receptors on the cell’s plasma
membrane or within the cell.

Where are two locations in a cell that have compounds that can recognize and bind to hormones?

18) The cells membrane (outside)

19) The cell’s nucleus or cytoplasm (inside)

In a fetus, the ___20___ separates the anterior and posterior pituitary lobes. This structure is lost by
adulthood, with some of its cells becoming part of the anterior lobe

20) Intermediate pituitary

Name six hormones released from the pituitary gland and six body functions that are affected by these
hormones:

21) ADH- Secreted into systematic circulation, decreasing water loss by affecting the kidneys and blood
vessels.

22) OXT- Causes smooth muscle to contract during childbirth and stimulates milk ejection.

23) MSH- Causes melanocytes in the skin to produce more melanin.

24) ACTH- Causes the adrenal glands to produce steroid hormones, which influence the metabolism of
glucose, lipids, and proteins.

25) TSH- Causes the thyroid gland to release hormones that increase metabolism and promote nervous
and skeletal growth.

26) hGH- Release insulin- like growth hormones that promote cell growth and division.

Which two hormones are produced in the hypothalamus and stored in the pituitary gland?

27) Oxytocin

28) Antidiuretic
The hypothalamus and pituitary glands are connected by a blood vessel system called the ___29___.

29) Hypophyseal portal system

What are two target organs for the anterior pituitary hormones?

30) Ovaries

31) Testes

What are two target organs for the posterior pituitary hormones?

32) Kidneys

33) Uterus

Human growth hormone causes target cells to release ___34___, which are hormones that promote cell
growth and division, release of glucose, and synthesis of proteins.

34) Insulin- like growth

Target cells for human growth hormone are found in:

35) Skeletal muscles

36) Liver

37) Bones

In addition to effects on metabolism, which two body systems does TSH promote growth in?

38) Nervous system

39) Skeletal system

Name the function of Follicle Stimulating Hormone in females and males

40) Stimulates the ovaries to secrete estrogen and produce oocytes.

41) Stimulates sperm development in the testes.

Name the function of Luteinizing Hormone in females and males

43) Targets gonads in females to stimulate ovulation.

Which hormone stimulates the cortex of the adrenal glands to produce steroids?

44) The adrenocorticotropic hormone

Which pituitary hormone regulates water balance (acts on kidney and sweat glands to retain water)?

45) Antidiuretic hormone

Name one of the target organs for oxytocin, and changes it causes in that organ

46) The uterus is affected when the hormone causes the smooth muscle to contact during childbirth and
stimulate milk ejection from mammary glands.

What is the difference between a primary and a secondary endocrine organ?

47) Primary and secondary endocrine organs both secrete regulatory hormones, yet the secondary
organs have other functions rather than just secreting hormones.

The thyroid gland is located just anterior to the ___48___

48) Trachea and inferior to the larynx,

Which thyroid hormone promotes calcification of bones?

49) Calcitonin

Which hormone promotes absorption (release) of calcium from bones into the bloodstream?

50) Parathyroid hormones

Which component of the adrenal glands is composed of nervous tissue?

Which zone of the adrenal cortex is responsible for producing cortisol, which regulates stress resistance?

52) Zona fasciculata

What are four effects caused by epinephrine and norepinephrine?

53) Can change blood flow patterns.

54) Can increase blood pressure.

55) Can Increase metabolic rate.

56) Can increase rate of glycogen breakdown in the liver and skeletal muscles.

Clusters of cells that produce endocrine hormones in the pancreas are called

57) Pancreatic islets.

How many different types of endocrine cells are found in these clusters?

58) Four types of cells.

Name the two hormones responsible for regulating blood glucose levels and the cell type that produces
them

59) Glucagon

60) Insulin

Which of the hormones above causes the liver to convert glucose to glycogen (uptake glucose)

61) Insulin

Which organs in females and males produce the sex hormones?

62) Ovaries (Females)

63) Testes (Male)

The hormone responsible for stimulating red blood cell production is secreted by the ___64___.

64) Erythropoietin
What are the changes caused by natriuretic peptides released by the heart?

65) A promotion of water loss to decrease blood volume and pressure.