Short Questions.

1. An image is considered to be a function of a(x,y), where a represents:

(A) Height of image

(B) Width of image

(C) Amplitude of image

(D) Resolution of image

Correct option is C

2. What is pixel?

(A) Pixel is the elements of a digital image

(B) Pixel is the elements of an analog image

(C) Pixel is the cluster of a digital image

(D) Pixel is the cluster of an analog image

Correct option is A

Among the following image processing techniques which is fast, precise and flexible..

(A) Optical

(B) Digital

(C) Electronics

(D) Photography

Correct option is B

The number of grey values are integer powers of:

(A) 4

(B) 2

(C) 8

(D) 1

Correct option is B

What is the first and foremost step in Image Processing?

(A) Image restoration

(B) Image enhancement

(C) Image acquisition

(D) Segmentation

Correct option is C

In which step of processing, the images are subdivided successively into smaller regions?

(A) Image enhancement

(B) Image acquisition

(C) Segmentation

(D) Wavelets

Correct option is D

How many number of steps are involved in image processing?

(A) 10

(B) 9

(C) 11

(D) 12

Correct option is A

To convert a continuous sensed data into Digital form, which of the following is required?

(A) Sampling

(B) Quantization

(C) Both Sampling and Quantization

(D) Neither Sampling nor Quantization

Correct option is C

What is the correct sequence of steps in image processing? (5 marks)

Image acquisition->Image enhancement->Image restoration->Color image processing->Wavelets

and multi resolution processing->Compression->Morphological processing->Segmentation-

>Representation & description->Object recognition

To convert a continuous image f(x, y) to digital form, we have to sample the function in

__________

(A) Coordinates
(B) Amplitude

(C) All of the mentioned

(D) None of these

Correct option is C

For a continuous image f(x, y), how could be Sampling defined?

(A) Digitizing the coordinate values

(B) Digitizing the amplitude values

(C) All of the mentioned

(D) None of the mentioned

Correct option is A

For a continuous image f(x, y), Quantization is defined as.

(A) Digitizing the coordinate values

(B) Digitizing the amplitude values

(C) All of the mentioned

(D) None of these

Correct option is B

The digitization process i.e. the digital image has M rows and N columns, requires decisions about

values for M, N, and for the number, L, of gray levels allowed for each pixel. The value M and N

have to be:

(A) M and N have to be positive integer

(B) M and N have to be negative integer

(C) M have to be negative and N have to be positive integer

(D) M have to be positive and N have to be negative integer

Correct option is A

A continuous image is digitised at _______ points.

(A) random

(B) vertex
(C) contour

(D) sampling

Correct option is D

The digitization process i.e. the digital image has M rows and N columns, requires decisions about

values for M, N, and for the number, L, of gray levels allowed for each pixel. The value M and N

have to be:

(A) M and N have to be positive integer

(B) M and N have to be negative integer

(C) M have to be negative and N have to be positive integer

(D) M have to be positive and N have to be negative integer

Correct option is A

The transition between continuous values of the image function and its digital equivalent is called
_____________

Quantisation

The smallest discernible change in intensity level is called ____________

(A) Intensity Resolution

(B) Contour

(C) Contrast

(D) Saturation

Correct option is A

What is the sum of all components of a normalized histogram?

(A) 1

(B) -1

(C) 0

(D) None of the above

Correct option is A

The technique of Enhancement that has a specified Histogram processed image as result, is called?

Histogram matching
The output of a smoothing, linear spatial filtering is a ____________ of the pixels contained in the
neighbourhood of the filter mask

(C) Average

Averaging filters is also known as

Low pass

Which of the following is the primary objective of sharpening of an image?

(A) Increase the brightness of the image

(B) Blurring the image

(C) Highlight fine details in the image

(D) None of the above

Correct option is C

Which of the following is/are considered as type(s) of low pass filters?

(A) Butterworth

(B) Ideal

(C) Gaussian

(D) All of the above

Correct option is D

What is the Principle sources of noise arise during image ?

(A) Restoration

(B) Acquisition

(C) Destruction

(D) Degradation

Correct option is B

Mean Filter reduce noise by using

(A) Acquisition

(B) Sharpening

(C) Restoration

(D) Blurring

Correct option is D
Segmentation is usually not perfect due to number of factors such as

(A) Noise, Bad illumination

(B) Object Contain several region

(C) Due to boundary-filling

(D) Due to closed contour

Correct option is A

Which technique applies Edge segmentation

(A) Heuristics operator

(B) Canny operator

(C) All of the above

(D) None of the above

Correct option is C

Pixels are allocated to categories according to the range of values in which a pixel lies is called

(A) Thresholding based segmentation

(B) Edge- based segmentation

(C) Region based segmentation

(D) None of the above

Correct option is A

Image segmentation is the process of

(A) Partitioning a digital image into multiple segment

(B) Classify the image into number of objects

(C) None of the above

(D) All of the above

Correct option is A

Thresholding formulation measures difference between

(A) 2 neighbors

(B) 4 neighbors

(C) 6 neighbors

(D) 8 neighbors
Correct option is D

The order of shape number for a closed boundary is:

(A) Even

(B) Odd

(C) 1

(D) Any positive value

Correct option is A

Which of the following techniques is based on the Fourier transform?

(A) Spectral

(B) Structural

(C) Topological

(D) Statistical

Correct option is A

Histogram equalization refers to image

(A) sampling

(B) quantization

(C) framing

(D) normalization

Correct option is D

Decoder is used for

(A) image enhancement

(B) image compression

(C) image decompression

(D) image equalization

Correct option is C

In the formula 1-(1/c), c is the

(A) complex ratio

(B) compression ratio

(C) constant
(D) condition

Correct option is B

Transforming the difference between adjacent pixels is called

(A) mapping

(B) image compression

(C) image watermarking

(D) image equalization

Correct option is A

Convolution in spatial domain is multiplication in

(A) frequency domain

(B) time domain

(C) spatial domain

(D) plane

Answer: Correct Option is A

Discrete cosine transform (DCT) applied to predict error on

(A) 8×8 pixels

(B) 4×4 pixels

(C) 2×2 pixels

(D) 3×3 pixels

Answer: Correct Option is A

Convolution in spatial domain is multiplication in

(A) frequency domain

(B) time domain

(C) spatial domain

(D) plane

Mean filters reduce noise using

(A) sharpening
(B) blurring

(C) restoration

(D) acquisition

The inner most membrane of the human eye is

(A) Blind Spot

(B) Sclera

(C) Choroid

(D) Retina

Which part of an eye serve to a general, overall picture of the field of view.

(A) Cones

(B) Rods

(C) Retina

(D) All of the Mentioned

High frequency components are passed by

A) lowpass filter

B) bandpass filter

C) highpass filter

D) max filter

Electromagnetic waves can be visualised as a

a) sine wave

b) cosine wave

c) tangential wave

d) None of the above

Answer: a

5. Piecewise Linear Transformation function involves which of the following?

A) Bit-plane slicing
B) Intensity level slicing

C) Contrast stretching

D) All of the Mentioned

Short Answers of 5 marks:

Basic elements of the image processing system.

Describe Filtering. Define High Pass & Low Pass Filter with example.

What is histogram? Explain with example.

Define Linear & Non linear filtering

Can you give some examples of real-world applications that use digital image
processing techniques?

What’s the difference between edge detection and line detection? Which one is
preferred in certain situations?

What type of filters are used to reduce noise in an image?

explain the differences between RGB, HSV, CMYK, and YCbCr?

What is the difference between a 2D convolutional layer and 3D convolutional layer?

Which one would you recommend in specific situations?

Define Pixel or picture elements.

Write the difference between Sampling and quantization.

Long Questions of 15 marks

1. Derive 2D sampling throrem & describe proper reconstruction of an image. (8)

Discuss the fundamental steps in DIP.
2. How contrast stretching & intensity level slicing is performed on an image? Explain.
How low pass and high pass filtering is performed in frequency domain given an image. Explain.
3. Briefly discuss about histogram equalization technique. Explain in detail the method for
smoothening the image in frequency domain.
4. What is the objective of image segmentation? Explain the procedure of Fourier
Transformation & Inverse Fourier Transformation.
5. What are the elements (components) of digital image processing system ? Explain the function
of each element in detail.