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1. Determine which of these are linear homogeneous recur-
rence relations with constant coefficients. Also, find the
degree of those that are.
@) dy = 3dy—1 + 4Qn—2 + 5ay—3
b) an = 2nan—1 +4n—2 ©) Gn = Gn-1 + n—4
d) ay = ay) +2 e) a, =a2_; +a,-2
£) dn = an-2 8) Gn =Gn—-1 +n
2. Determine which of these are linear homogeneous recur-
rence relations with constant coefficients. Also, find the
degree of those that are.
a) dn = 3an—-2 b) an =3
©) a =a7_, d) ay = an—) + 2ay-3
©) dy =4y—-1/N
£) ay = an-1 + an—2 +n +3
B) dy = 4ay—2 + Say—4 + 94n—7
3. Solve these recurrence relations together with the initial
conditions given.
a) dy = 2a,_; forn = 1, a9 =3
b) ay =ay-1 forn > lag =2
©) dy =5ay—1 — 6ay—2 for n > 2, a9 = 1,a, =O
d) ay = 4an—1 — 4an—z for n > 2, ap = 6, a; = 8
e) dn = —4an—1 — 4an—-2 forn > 2, a9 = 0,a1 = 1
f) ay = 4a,_2 for n = 2, a9 = 0,a; =4
2) an = an-2/4 forn > 2, a9 = 1,ay =O 4.
THEOREM 5
12.
13.
14.
15.
Solve these recurrence relations together with the initial
conditions given.
@) ay = Qy-1 + 6ay—2 forn > 2, a9 = 3, a1 = 6
D) dy = 7a,—1 — 10a,_2 forn > 2,49 = 2,a, =1
©) dy = 6an_1 — 8ay_p for n > 2, a9 = 4, a, = 10
d) ay = 2dy_1 — Gyo forn > 2,49 = 4,4; = 1
©) an = an-2 forn > 2,a9 =5,a,; = —1
£) dn = —6ay—1 — 9an—2 for n > 2, ao = 3,a1 = —3
2) an42 = —4an41 + San for n > 0, ag = 2,a; =8
If (ay?) is @ particular solution of the nonhomogeneous linear recurrence relation with
constant coctiients
= e1dn=} + end -2 +2 + cana k + Flr),
then every solution is ofthe form (a? + al!) where (at) is a solution ofthe associated
homogeneous recurrence relation
y= Cg + e202 b+ 64g
Find the solution to ad, = 2d,~) + dy,—2 — 2ay_-3
forn = 3,4,5,..., with a9 = 3, a) = 6, and a2 = 0.
Find the solution to a, = 7a,—2 + 6a,—3 with ap = 9,
a, = 10, and az = 32.
Find the solution to a, = Sdn—2 — 4a,—4 with ap = 3,
a, = 2,a) = 6, and a3 = 8.
Find the solution to ad) = 2dn—1 + Sdn—2 — 6an—3 with
do = 7, a, = —4, and a2 = 8. 23. Consider the nonhomogeneous linear recurrence relation
an = 3an—1 +2”.
a) Show thata, = —2"+| is a solution of this recurrence
relation.
b) Use Theorem S to find all solutions of this recurrence
relation.
c) Find the solution with ap = 1.
24. Consider the nonhomogeneous linear recurrence relation
Gn = 2dyn_1 +2".
a) Show that a, = 12" is a solution of this recurrence
relation.
b) Use Theorem S to find all solutions of this recurrence
relation.
c) Find the solution with ap = 2.
32. Find the solution of the recurrence relation a, =
2dy-1 +3-2".
33. Find all solutions of the recurrence relation a, =
Aan—1 — 4dn—2 + (n + 1)2”.
34. Find all solutions of the recurrence relation a, =
Tan—1 — 16dy—-2 + 12an-3+74" with — ay = —2,
a, = 0, and az = 5.
35. Find the solution of the recurrence relation a, =
4an—1 — 3dn_2 + 2” +n +3 with ag = 1 anda, = 4.
