Section 2 Structure and Written Expression Time: 25 minutes ‘This section is designed to measure your ability to recognize language that is appropriate for standard written English. There are two types of questions in this section, with special directions for each type. Structure Directions: Questions 1-15 are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence you will see four words or phrases, marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Example I Sample Answer Geysers have often been compared to volcanoes oS they both emit hot liquids from below the Earth’s surface. (A) due to (B) because (©) inspite of (D) regardless of The sentence should read, “Geysers have often been compared to volcanoes because they both emit hot liquids from below the Earth’s surface.” Therefore, you should choose (B). Example II Sample Answer DDOoe During the early period of ocean navigation, -~ any need for sophisticated instruments and techniques. (A) _ so that hardly (B) when there hardly was (C) _ hardly was (D) there was hardly The sentence should read, “During the early period of ocean navigation, there was hardly any need for sophisticated instruments and techniques.” Therefore, you should choose (D). Now begin work on the questions. CC OR UTM a ela -16- Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.eee0e0e000 lL -- of musical instruments, each making its own distinctive sound. (A) Thousands (B) Are thousands (C)_ Of the thousands (D) There are thousands world in 1839. (A) to introduce (B) introduced (C)_ introduction (D) introducing .. After the development of money in the seventh century B.C., people could sell goods without ------- to exchange them directly for other goods. (A) they had (B) have (©) having (D) to have had - portrayed the decadence of the South in many of his novels, using for their background the environment of his youth in Mississippi. (A) What William Faulkner (B) William Faulkner (C) Although William Faulkner (D) William Faulkner, who aT. . Taboos concerning food In 1986 Mount Pagan, a volcanic island in the western Pacific Ocean, became part of a United States commonwealth ------- the Northern Mariana Islands and Guam. (A) and including (B) includes (C) the inclusion of (D) that includes .. When disturbed, copperhead snakes vibrate their tails rapidly - soundlessly. (A) but (B) either (©) for (D) whereas common in all parts of the world. (A) are not to be eaten (B) not to be eaten that (C)_ that are not to be eaten (D) that they are not to be eaten . The Onondaga Indians were one of the original five nations of the Iroquois Confederacy ------- in what is now New York State. (A) that living (B) as living (C) were living (D) living eT MTR COM UT ML Led Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.eeee0e0e0e0 9. At very high temperatures, atoms 13. can be broken apart and put back together, or fused, new types of atoms. (A) (B) (C) (D) and forming and the form of to form the formation - to fly backwards and upside down and to hover is very unusual. (A) (B) Hummingbirds are able The ability of the hummingbird The able hummingbird can The hummingbird has the ability (C) (D) Fluorite occurs in various colors 15. in crystal, granular, and ma forms, and its crystals - (A) sometimes fluorescence exhibit fluorescence exhibit sometimes sometimes exhibit fluorescence fluorescence sometimes exhibit (B) (© (D) . Occupying both banks of the North Saskatchewan River in the center of the province of Alberta, Edmonton is —-——-. (A) where the sixth largest Canadian city Canada has the sixth largest city sixth largest city in Canada Canada's sixth largest city (B) © () -18- The Smithsonian Institution has named Beatrice Wood -- Esteemed American Artist. (A) to whom an (B) because an (C)_ was an (D) an oe when infrequent thunderstorms saturate materials on the surface of sparsely vegetated slopes. (A) (B) For desert mudflows to occur The occurrence of desert mudflows Desert mudflows occur Desert mudflows, which occur (©) (D) The ancient O'odham people of Arizona learned ------- all available water, conserving the overflow from summer storms in reservoirs. (A) used (B) usable (C) touse (D) useful Go on to the next page Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.eeeeee00 Written Expression Directions: In questions 16-40 each sentence has four underlined words or phrases. The four underlined parts of the sentence are marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Example I Sample Answer Guppies are sometimes call rainbow fish because of ee A BC the males” bright colors. D The sentence should read, “Guppies are sometimes called rainbow fish because of the males’ bright colors.” Therefore, you should choose (A). Sample Answer Example I Deon Serving several term in Congress, Shirley Chisholm A became an important United States politician —e_ Dp ‘The sentence should read, “Serving several terms in Congress, Shirley Chisholm became an important United States politician.” Therefore, you should choose (B). Now begin work on the questions. (CT COR UR Le -19- Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.eeeee0eeo 16. 20. 21 22. 23. Trees provide many benefit to the environment, including cooling the air, A B [e absorbing pollutants, and improving water quality. D . The theory of continental drift suggests continents have moved in relation the A B ic D poles. . Trigonometry is the study of triangles, angles, and the relationships among they. A “D> B © . The atmosphere is warmed less than by the Sun's rays passing through it than B by the Sun’s heat reflecting from the Earth’s surface. S D The crust of the Earth is a spherical shell of rock that consist of a number of A B Cc rigid plates. While working as a machinist and engineer, Henry Ford built his first automobile A B c in his time spare. D Today’s locomotives are generally powered electrically, either taking power from overhead wires and generating their own electricity with massive diesel engines. B c D Differing of the parent plants genetically, hybrids occur in nature, and they serve A B Cc the important function of increasing genetic variety. D Go on to the next page -20- Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.eeoe000e0e0 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. Exercise physical for children has been promoted in the United States and Canada A B Cc since the mid-nineteenth century. D When the study of historic is merely a list of events that are isolated from one A B c another, there is little connection to the present. D Josephine Baker displayed a musician’s sense of timing , a dancer’s instinctive for B c movement, and a comedian’s ability to deliver the punchline. D The continuing grow of cities, an increase in motor vehicle use, and greater A B industrial activity have combined to produce serious air pollution in many areas. c D In 1980 approximately one out of every seven United States worker was B employed in work related to the automobile industry. c D An entire salt-marsh complex of creeks, marshes, river mouths, and barrier islands A can be seen as asingle community linking by the tides. B c D Despite their great length, the Appalachian Mountain range is relatively narrow, A B rarely exceeding a width of 100 miles. RUN La a -21- Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.eeeee0e0eo 31. A great deal of Edith Wharton's the most representative fiction took its stimulus A B Cc from her frustrated sense of dislocation. D 32. Arkansas’s early inhabitants included bluff-dwelling people who farming and A B G hunting culture flourished about A.D. 500. D 33. The civil rights and liberties of United States citizen are embodied in the Bill of _ +B tat eH Rights, the first ten amendments to the Constitution D 34. Although each individual is unique, people do, of course, resemble one another A B in suchas characteristics as physique, temperament, and susceptibility to disease. Cc D 35. Leaching is the process of removing a soluble component froma mixture of A B soluble and insoluble solids by continuous washing the mixture with liquid solvent. c D 36. Most of Earth’s surface has been mapped, but in many areas vast network A B © of caves, largely unexplored, lie beneath the ground. 37. During a person inhales, the muscles of the diaphragm contract, helping to pull air B ic into the lungs. D Go on to the next page -22- Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.eeeee0e00 38. Although the United States beginning a vast program of building A B railroads, canals, and highways in early 1800s, there were few technical training c D centers. 39. Within any logical system there are undecidable propositions, that is, meaningful A B statements that can neither be proved not disproved by the rules of the system. 40. Columbia sheep were originally developed for range conditions in the western A B United States, but they are well suiting to farm pastures as well. Cc D This is the end of Section 2. If you finish before time is called, check your work on Section 2 only. The supervisor will tell you when to begin work on Section 3. -23- Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.