me me ft-uiowa-math2550

Assignment OptionalFinalExamReviewMultChoiceMEDIUMlengthForm due 12/31/2014 at 10:36pm CST

1. (1 pt) Library/TCNJ/TCNJ LinearSystems/problem3.pg 4. (1 pt)

 UI/Fall14/lin span.pg 
Give a geometric description of the following systems of equa-
  
3 3 -3
tions Let A = -8  , B = -11  , and C = 5  .
-7 -9 5
−16 x + 16 y = −16
? 1. −12 x + 12 y = −12 Which of the following best describes the span of the above 3
−28 x + 28 y = −28 vectors?
5x + y = 7
? 2. 2x − 5y = 2 • A. 0-dimensional point in R3
7x + 23 y = 13 • B. 1-dimensional line in R3
5x + y = 7 • C. 2-dimensional plane in R3
? 3. 2x − 5y = 2 • D. R3
7x + 23 y = 16
Correct Answers:
• Three identical lines Determine whether or not the three vectors listed above are
• Three lines intersecting at a single point linearly independent or linearly dependent.
• Three non-parallel lines with no common intersection

2. (1 pt)
 Library/TCNJ/TCNJ
 MatrixEquations/problem4.pg
  • A. linearly dependent
3 -3 4 -1 • B. linearly independent
Let A = -3 -1 -1  and x = 2  .
-4 -5 3 5
If they are linearly dependent, determine a non-trivial linear re-
? 1. What does Ax mean? lation. Otherwise, if the vectors are linearly independent, enter
Correct Answers: 0’s for the coefficients, since that relationship always holds.
• Linear combination of the columns of A A+ B+ C = 0.
Correct Answers:
3. (1 pt) Library/WHFreeman/Holt linear algebra/Chaps 1-4-
/2.2.57.pg • C
• A
Assume {u1 , u2 , u3 } spans R3 . • 2; -1; 1
Select the best statement.
5. (1 pt) local/Library/TCNJ/TCNJ BasesLinearlyIndependentSet-
• A. {u1 , u2 , u3 , u4 } spans R3 unless u4 is a scalar multi- /3.pg
ple of another vector in the set. Check the true statements below:
• B. {u1 , u2 , u3 , u4 } never spans R3 .
• C. {u1 , u2 , u3 , u4 } spans R3 unless u4 is the zero vector.
• D. There is no easy way to determine if {u1 , u2 , u3 , u4 } • A. The columns of an invertible n × n matrix form a
spans R3 . basis for Rn .
• E. {u1 , u2 , u3 , u4 } always spans R3 . • B. If B is an echelon form of a matrix A, then the pivot
• F. none of the above columns of B form a basis for ColA.
• C. The column space of a matrix A is the set of solutions
Solution: (Instructor solution preview: show the student so-
of Ax = b.
lution after due date. )
• D. If H = Span{b1 , ..., b p }, then {b1 , ..., b p } is a basis
for H.
SOLUTION
• E. A basis is a spanning set that is as large as possible.
The span of {u1 , u2 , u3 } is a subset of the span of
{u1 , u2 , u3 , u4 }, so {u1 , u2 , u3 , u4 } always spans R3 . Correct Answers:
Correct Answers: • A
• E

1
 SOLUTION
6. (1 pt) local/Library/UI/4.1.23.pg Using the Rank-Nullity theorem, if the dimensions of A is n
  x m, rank(A) = m - nullity(A) = 9 - 5 = 4
1 0 −7
Find the null space for A = .
0 1 −4 Correct Answers:
What is null(A)?
• I
   
 1 0 
8. (1 pt) local/Library/UI/Fall14/HW8 5.pg
• A. span  0  ,  1 
Findthe determinant of the matrix
 +7 +4
 
-5 0 0 0
+4  7 1 0 0 
• B. span A =
+7  -8 7 2 0  .

• C. R2   -6 8 1 -6
 +7  det (A) =
• D. span +4
 1 
 
• A. -400
 +4 
• B. -360
• E. span +7
• C. -288
 1
 
• D. -120
+7
• F. span • E. 0
+4
• F. 120
• G. R3 • G. 60
• H. none of the above • H. 240
. • I. 360
Solution: (Instructor solution preview: show the student so- • J. 400
lution after due date. ) • K. None of those above

SOLUTION
A is row reduced. The basis of the null space has one ele- Correct Answers:
ment for each column without a leading one in the row reduced
• G
matrix.
Thus Ax = 0 has a one dimentional null space, 
1−7
 If A is an m × n matrix and if the equation Ax = b is incon-
sistent for some b in Rm , then A cannot have a pivot position in
and thus, null(A) is the subspace generated by 1 − 4.
1 every row.
Correct Answers:
• D • A. True
• B. False
7. (1 pt) local/Library/UI/Fall14/HW7 12.pg
Suppose that A is a 8 × 9 matrix which has a null space of di-
mension 5. The rank of A=
Correct Answers:
• A. -4
• A
• B. -3
• C. -2 If the equation Ax = b is inconsistent, then b is not in the set
• D. -1 spanned by the columns of A.
• E. 0
• F. 1
• G. 2 • A. True
• H. 3 • B. False
• I. 4
• J. none of the above
Solution: (Instructor solution preview: show the student so- Correct Answers:
lution after due date. ) • A

2
 Correct Answers:
11. (1 pt) local/Library/UI/Fall14/volume1.pg
• E
Find
 the volume
  of the  parallelepiped
 determined by vectors
−5 0 −3
 0 ,  2 , and  5  14. (1 pt) local/Library/UI/problem7.pg
−3 0 2
A and B are n × n matrices.

• A. 38
• B. -5 Adding a multiple of one row to another does not affect the
• C. -4 determinant of a matrix.
• D. -2
• E. -1
• A. True
• F. 0
• B. False
• G. 1
• H. 3
• I. 5
• J. 7
• K. None of those above If the columns of A are linearly dependent, then detA = 0.

• A. True
Correct Answers: • B. False
• A

Suppose A~x = ~0 has an infinite number of solutions, then

given a vector ~b of the appropriate dimension, A~x = ~b has
det(A + B) = detA + detB.
• A. No solution
• B. Unique solution • A. True
• C. Infinitely many solutions • B. False
• D. at most one solution
• E. either no solution or an infinite number of solutions
• F. either a unique solution or an infinite number of so- Correct Answers:
lutions
• A
• G. no solution, a unique solution or an infinite number
• A
of solutions, depending on the system of equations • B
• H. none of the above
Correct Answers:
The vector ~b is in ColA if and only if A~v = ~b has a solution
• E

Suppose A is a square matrix and A~x = ~0 has an infinite • A. True

number of solutions, then given a vector ~b of the appropriate • B. False
dimension, A~x = ~b has
Correct Answers:
• A
• A. No solution
• B. Unique solution
• C. Infinitely many solutions The vector ~v is in NulA if and only if A~v = ~0
• D. at most one solution
• E. either no solution or an infinite number of solutions • A. True
• F. either a unique solution or an infinite number of so- • B. False
lutions
Correct Answers:
• G. no solution, a unique solution or an infinite number
of solutions, depending on the system of equations • A
• H. none of the above
3
 • H. 3
If x~1 and x~2 are solutions to A~x = ~0, then 5~
x1 + 4~
x2 is also a • I. 4
solution to A~x = ~0. • J. none of the above
Correct Answers:
• H
• A. True
Suppose A is a 4 × 7 matrix. Then col A is a subspace of Rk
• B. False
where k =
Hint: (Instructor hint preview: show the student hint after 0
attempts. The current number of attempts is 0. )
• A. -4
Is NulA a subspace? Is NulA closed under linear combinations?
Correct Answers: • B. -3
• C. -2
• A
• D. -1
If x~1 and x~2 are solutions to A~x = ~b, then −3~
x1 + 9~
x2 is also • E. 0
a solution to A~x = ~b. • F. 1
• G. 2
• H. 3
• A. True • I. 4
• B. False • J. none of the above
Hint: (Instructor hint preview: show the student hint after 0 Correct Answers:
attempts. The current number of attempts is 0. ) • I
Is the solution set to A~x = ~b a subspace even when ~b is not ~0? Is 22. (1 pt) Library/Rochester/setLinearAlgebra4InverseMatrix-
the solution set to A~x =~b closed under linear combinations even /ur la 4 2.pg 
when ~b is not ~0?

8 1
The matrix is invertible if and only if k 6= .
Correct Answers: 9 k
• B Correct Answers:
• 1.125
 Findthe area
 of the
 parallelogram determined by the vectors
−6 4 23. (1 pt) Library/Rochester/setLinearAlgebra9Dependence-
and .
4 −2 /ur la 9 7.pg

Thevectors    
• A. -4 -4 2 2
• B. -3 v = 11  , u = -4  , and w = -5  .
• C. -2 -10 9 +k 4
• D. -1 are linearly independent if and only if k 6= .
• E. 0
• F. 1 Correct Answers:
• G. 2 • -7
• H. 3
24. (1 pt) Library/Rochester/setLinearAlgebra23QuadraticForms-
• I. 4
/ur la 23 2.pg
• J. 5
Find the eigenvalues of the matrix
Correct Answers:
 
• I 5 55
M= .
55 5
Suppose A is a 5 × 3 matrix. Then nul A is a subspace of Rk
where k = Enter the two eigenvalues, separated by a comma:

• A. -4
• B. -3
• C. -2
• D. -1 Classify the quadratic form Q(x) = xT Ax :
• E. 0
• F. 1 • A. Q(x) is indefinite
• G. 2 • B. Q(x) is positive definite
4
 • C. Q(x) is negative semidefinite
• D. Q(x) is negative definite 27. (1 pt) Library/WHFreeman/Holt linear algebra/Chaps 1-4-
• E. Q(x) is positive semidefinite /2.3.42.pg
Correct Answers:
• -50, 60
Let A be a matrix with more columns than rows.
• A Select the best statement.
25. (1 pt) Library/Rochester/setLinearAlgebra23QuadraticForms-
• A. The columns of A could be either linearly dependent
/ur la 23 3.pg
or linearly independent depending on the case.
The matrix
• B. The columns of A are linearly independent, as long

-2.5 -1.5 0
A = -1.5 -2.5 0  as they does not include the zero vector.
0 0 2 • C. The columns of A are linearly independent, as long
has three distinct eigenvalues, λ1 < λ2 < λ3 , as no column is a scalar multiple of another column in
λ1 = , A
λ2 = , • D. The columns of A must be linearly dependent.
λ3 = . • E. none of the above
Classify the quadratic form Q(x) = xT Ax : Solution: (Instructor solution preview: show the student so-
lution after due date. )
• A. Q(x) is negative definite
• B. Q(x) is positive semidefinite SOLUTION
• C. Q(x) is negative semidefinite Since there are more columns than rows, when we row re-
• D. Q(x) is positive definite duce the matrix not all columns can have a leading 1.
• E. Q(x) is indefinite The columns of A must be linearly dependent.
Correct Answers: Correct Answers:
• -4 • D
• -1 28. (1 pt) Library/WHFreeman/Holt linear algebra/Chaps 1-4-
• 2
/2.3.46.pg
• E
26. (1 pt) Library/TCNJ/TCNJ BasesLinearlyIndependentSet- Let {u1 , u2 , u3 } be a linearly dependent set of vectors.
/problem5.pg       Select the best statement.
1 1 1
Let W1 be the set:  0  , 1  , 1  .
• A. {u1 , u2 , u3 , u4 } is a linearly independent set of vec-
0 0 1
3 tors unless u4 is a linear combination of other vectors
Determine if W1 is a basis for R and check the correct an- in the set.
swer(s) below. • B. {u1 , u2 , u3 , u4 } could be a linearly independent or
linearly dependent set of vectors depending on the vec-
• A. W1 is not a basis because it does not span R3 . tors chosen.
• B. W1 is not a basis because it is linearly dependent. • C. {u1 , u2 , u3 , u4 } is always a linearly dependent set of
• C. W1 is a basis. vectors.
• D. {u1 , u2 , u3 , u4 } is a linearly independent set of vec-
      tors unless u4 = 0.
1 0 0 • E. {u1 , u2 , u3 , u4 } is always a linearly independent set
Let W2 be the set:  0  , 0  , 1  . of vectors.
1 0 0 • F. none of the above
Determine if W2 is a basis for R3 and check the correct an- Solution: (Instructor solution preview: show the student so-
swer(s) below. lution after due date. )

• A. W2 is not a basis because it does not span R3 . SOLUTION

• B. W2 is not a basis because it is linearly dependent. If the zero vector is a nontrivial linear combination of a vec-
• C. W2 is a basis. tors in a smaller set, then it is also a nontrivial combination of
Correct Answers: vectors in a bigger set containing those vectors.
• C {u1 , u2 , u3 , u4 } is always a linearly dependent set of vectors.
• AB Correct Answers:
5
 • C Solution: (Instructor solution preview: show the student so-
lution after due date. )
29. (1 pt) Library/WHFreeman/Holt linear algebra/Chaps 1-4-
/2.3.47.pg SOLUTION  
1 0
Let {u1 , u2 , u3 , u4 } be a linearly independent set of vectors. A is row reduces to 0 1. The basis of the null space has
Select the best statement. 0 0
one element for each column without a leading one in the row
reduced matrix.
• A. {u1 , u2 , u3 } is always a linearly independent set of
Thus Ax = 0 has a zero dimentional
  null space,
vectors. 0
• B. {u1 , u2 , u3 } could be a linearly independent or lin- and null(A) is the zero vector .
0
early dependent set of vectors depending on the vectors Correct Answers:
chosen.
• F
• C. {u1 , u2 , u3 } is never a linearly independent set of
vectors. 31. (1 pt) Library/WHFreeman/Holt linear algebra/Chaps 1-4-
• D. none of the above /4.3.47.pg

Solution: (Instructor solution preview: show the student so- Indicate whether the following statement is true or false.
lution after due date. )
? 1. If A and B are equivalent matrices, then col(A) = col(
SOLUTION B).
If the zero vector cannot be written as a nontrivial linear com- Solution: (Instructor solution preview: show the student so-
bination of a vectors in a smaller set, then it is also not a nontriv- lution after due date. )
ial combination of vectors in a proper subset of those vectors.
{u1 , u2 , u3 } is always a linearly independent set of vectors. SOLUTION:    
Correct Answers: 2 3 4 2 3 4
FALSE. Consider A = and B =
• A 2 3 4 0 0 0
Correct Answers:
30. (1 pt) Library/WHFreeman/Holt linear algebra/Chaps 1-4- • F
/4.1.27.pg 32. (1 pt) Library/maCalcDB/setLinearAlgebra3Matrices/ur la 3 6.pg
 
1 7
If A and B are 3 × 2 matrices, and C is a 6 × 3 matrix, which of
Find the null space for A =  3 7 .
the following are defined?
−4 −7
What is null(A)?
• A. AC
• B. CA
• A. R3
• C. CT
• B. R2  
7 • D. AT CT
• C. span • E. A + B
1  • F. C + B
 1 
• D. span  3  Correct Answers:
• BCDE
 −4
 

 0  33. (1 pt) UI/DIAGtfproblem1.pg
• E. span 0 A, P and D are n × n matrices.
  0
 
0 Check the true statements below:
• F.
0  
−7 • A. If A is invertible, then A is diagonalizable.
• G. span
 1 • B. A is diagonalizable if and only if A has n eigenvalues,
1 counting multiplicities.
• H. span
7 • C. If A is diagonalizable, then A has n distinct eigenval-
• I. none of the above ues.
. • D. A is diagonalizable if A has n distinct eigenvectors.
6
      
• E. A is diagonalizable if A has n distinct linearly inde- -9 -8 -3
• F. , ,
pendent eigenvectors. 6 -2 -7
• F. If A is symmetric, then A is orthogonally diagonaliz- Correct Answers:
able. • A
• G. If A is diagonalizable, then A is invertible. • AB
• H. If A is diagonalizable, then A is symmetric. 35. (1 pt) UI/orthog.pg
• I. A is diagonalizable if A = PDP−1 for some diagonal All vectors and subspaces are in Rn .
matrix D and some invertible matrix P.
• J. If A is symmetric, then A is diagonalizable. Check the true statements below:
• K. If A is orthogonally diagonalizable, then A is sym-
metric.
• A. If A is symmetric, Av = rv, Aw = sw and r 6= s, then
• L. If there exists a basis for Rn consisting entirely of
v·w = 0 .
eigenvectors of A, then A is diagonalizable.
• B. If W = Span{x1 , x2 , x3 } and if {v1 , v2 , v3 } is an or-
• M. If AP = PD, with D diagonal, then the nonzero
thonormal set in W , then {v1 , v2 , v3 } is an orthonormal
columns of P must be eigenvectors of A.
basis for W .
Correct Answers: • C. If Av = rv and Aw = sw and r 6= s, then v · w = 0 .
• EFIJKLM • D. If x is not in a subspace W , then x − projW (x) is not
34. (1 pt) UI/Fall14/lin span2.pg zero.
• E. If {v1 , v2 , v3 } is an orthonormal set, then the set
Which of the following sets of vectors span R3 ? {v1 , v2 , v3 } is linearly independent.
• F. In a QR factorization, say A = QR (when A has lin-
      early independent columns), the columns of Q form an
-7 2 -5
orthonormal basis for the column space of A.
• A.  0  , 3  , 4 
• G. If v and w are both eigenvectors of A and if A is
 6   8 9
symmetric, then v · w = 0 .
1 -6
• B. , Correct Answers:
 9   -1  • ABDEF
0 8
• C. ,
0 36. (1 pt) local/Library/UI/2.3.49.pg
  2   
8 6 14
• D.  3  , -8  , -5  Let u4 be a linear combination of {u1 , u2 , u3 }.
Select the best statement.
 -9   -2 -11
6 3
• E. ,
• A. {u1 , u2 , u3 , u4 } could be a linearly dependent or lin-
 14   7   
-9 -8 -3 early independent set of vectors depending on the vec-
• F. , , tors chosen.
6 -2 -7
• B. {u1 , u2 , u3 , u4 } is never a linearly independent set of
vectors.
• C. {u1 , u2 , u3 } is a linearly dependent set of vectors.
Which of the following sets of vectors are linearly indepen- • D. {u1 , u2 , u3 , u4 } is always a linearly independent set
dent? of vectors.
      • E. {u1 , u2 , u3 } is a linearly dependent set of vectors un-
-7 2 -5 less one of {u1 , u2 , u3 } is the zero vector.
• A.  0  , 3  , 4  • F. {u1 , u2 , u3 } is never a linearly dependent set of vec-
 6   8 9 tors.
1 -6 • G. none of the above
• B. ,
   -1 
9 Solution: (Instructor solution preview: show the student so-
0 8 lution after due date. )
• C. ,
 0  2   
8 6 14 SOLUTION
• D.  3  , -8  , -5  If u4 = a1 u1 + a2 u2 + a3 u3 , then
 -9   -2 -11 0 = a1 u1 + a2 u2 + a3 u3 − u4
6 3 ”{u1 , u2 , u3 , u4 } is never a linearly independent set of vec-
• E. ,
14 7 tors.”
7
    
Correct Answers: 1 1 0 7 1 1 0 7
 2 4 x 21  ∼  0 2 x 7 
• B
1 7 6 28 0 6 6 21
37. (1 pt) local/Library/UI/Fall14/HW7 6.pg Since two pivots are needed, x = 2
Correct Answers:
If A is an n × n matrix and b 6= 0 in Rn , then consider the set • G
of solutions to Ax = b. 39. (1 pt) local/Library/UI/Fall14/HW8 7.pg
Select true or false for each statement. Suppose that a 4 × 4 matrix A with rows v1 , v2 , v3 , and v4 has
The set contains the zero vector determinant det A = 6. Find the following determinants:
• A. True

v1
• B. False  v2 
B = 9v3  det (B) =

This set is closed under vector addition
• A. True v4
• B. False • A. -18
This set is closed under scalar multiplications • B. -15
• A. True • C. -12
• B. False • D. 54
• E. -9
This set is a subspace
• F. 0
• A. True • G. 9
• B. False • H. 12
Solution: (Instructor solution preview: show the student so- • I. 15
lution after due date. ) • J. 18
• K. None of those above
SOLUTION  
A0 = 0 6= b, so the zero vector is not in the set and it is not a v4
subspace.  v3 
C =
 v2  det (C) =

Correct Answers:
• B v1
• B
• B
• A. -18
• B • B. 6
• C. -9
38. (1 pt) local/Library/UI/Fall14/HW7 11.pg • D. -3
Find allvalues of x for which rank(A) = 2. • E. 0
1 1 0 7 • F. 3
A =  2 4 x 21  • G. 9
1 7 6 28 • H. 12
x= • I. 18
• A. -4 • J. None of those above
• B. -3
• C. -2  
• D. -1 v1 + 3v3
• E. 0  v2 
D = 
• F. 1  v3 
• G. 2 v4
• H. 3 det (D) =
• I. 4
• J. none of the above • A. -18
Solution: (Instructor solution preview: show the student so- • B. 6
lution after due date. ) • C. -9
• D. -3
SOLUTION: • E. 0
Row reduce A to get: • F. 3
8
 • G. 9 • G. 0.333
• H. 12 • H. 0.5
• I. 18 • I. None of those above
• J. None of those above
3. A + 9In , eigenvalue =

Correct Answers: • A. -8
• D • B. -4
• B • C. -5
• B • D. 0
A vector b is a linear combination of the columns of a ma- • E. 2
trix A if and only if the equation Ax = b has at least one solution. • F. 4
• G. 10
• A. True • H. None of those above
• B. False
4. 6A, eigenvalue =

Correct Answers: • A. -40

• A • B. -36
Any linear combination of vectors can always be written in • C. -28
the form Ax for a suitable matrix A and vector x. • D. -30
• E. -12
• F. 0
• A. True
• G. 24
• B. False
• H. 36
• I. None of those above
Correct Answers:
• A
Correct Answers:
42. (1 pt) local/Library/UI/Fall14/quiz2 9.pg • F
Supppose A is an invertible n × n matrix and v is an eigenvector • C
of A with associated eigenvalue −5. Convince yourself that v is • F
an eigenvector of the following matrices, and find the associated • D
eigenvalues: 43. (1
1. A4 , eigenvalue =  pt) local/Library/UI/Fall14/quiz2
   10.pg
3 -2
If v1 = and v2 =
-1 -1
• A. 16 are eigenvectors of a matrix A corresponding to the eigenvalues
• B. 81 λ1 = 1 and λ2 = −4, respectively, then
• C. 125 a. A(v1 + v2 ) =
• D. 216  
• E. 1024 -3
• A.
• F. 625  5 
• G. 2000 -2
• H. None of those above • B.
 4 
-6
• C.
2. A−1 , eigenvalue =  5 
10
• D.
• A. -0.5  6 
• B. -0.333 12
• E.
• C. -0.2  4 
• D. -0.125 11
• F.
• E. 0 3
• F. 0.125 • G. None of those above
9
  
-6
b. A(3v1 ) = • C.  7 
 4 
10
 
-12
• A. • D.  0 
 -12
-2 6
• B. 
18

 8 
-6 • E.  -10 
• C.
 4   -30 
10 12
• D. • F.  8 
 6 
• E.
9  4 
-3 -7

12
 • G.  -3 
• F. 12
 4  • H. None of those above
11
• G.
3
• H. None of those above
Correct Answers:
• D
• E
Correct Answers:
• F Suppose a coefficient matrix A contains a pivot in every row.
• E Then A~x = ~b has

44. (1pt) local/Library/UI/Fall14/quiz2

   11.pg  • A. No solution
0 -3 3
• B. Unique solution
Let v1 = -2  , v2 = 1  , and v3 = 0 
• C. Infinitely many solutions
-1 0 -3
• D. at most one solution
be eigenvectors of the matrix A which correspond to the eigen-
• E. either no solution or an infinite number of solutions
 λ1= −3, λ2 = 2, and λ3 = 4, respectively, and let
values
• F. either a unique solution or an infinite number of so-
3
lutions
v = 5  .
• G. no solution, a unique solution or an infinite number
-4
Express v as a linear combination of v1 , v2 , and v3 , and find Av. of solutions, depending on the system of equations
• H. none of the above
1. If v = c1 v1 + c2 v2 + c3 v3 , then (c1 , c2 , c3 )= Correct Answers:
• F
• A. (1,2,2) Suppose a coefficient matrix A contains a pivot in every col-
• B. (-3,2,4) umn. Then A~x = ~b has
• C. (-4,7,3)
• D. (-2,1,2)
• A. No solution
• E. (0,1,2)
• B. Unique solution
• F. (4,-1,5)
• C. Infinitely many solutions
• G. None of above
• D. at most one solution
• E. either no solution or an infinite number of solutions
2. Av = • F. either a unique solution or an infinite number of so-
  lutions
-12 • G. no solution, a unique solution or an infinite number
• A.  7  of solutions, depending on the system of equations

-12
 • H. none of the above
-2 Correct Answers:
• B.  12  • D
8
10
 • M. 0 is an eigenvalue of A if and only if Ax = 0 has an
47. (1 pt) local/Library/UI/MatrixAlgebra/Euclidean/2.3.43.pg infinite number of solutions
Correct Answers:
Let A be a matrix with linearly independent columns. • ADEFGHIM
Select the best statement.
If v~1 and v~2 are eigenvectors of A corresponding to eigenvalue
λ0 , then 6~ v1 + 8~ v2 is also an eigenvector of A corresponding to
• A. The equation Ax = 0 never has nontrivial solutions.
eigenvalue λ0 when 6~ v2 is not ~0 .
v1 + 8~
• B. The equation Ax = 0 has nontrivial solutions pre-
cisely when it is a square matrix.
• C. There is insufficient information to determine if such
an equation has nontrivial solutions. • A. True
• D. The equation Ax = 0 has nontrivial solutions pre- • B. False
cisely when it has more columns than rows. Hint: (Instructor hint preview: show the student hint after 0
• E. The equation Ax = 0 has nontrivial solutions pre- attempts. The current number of attempts is 0. )
cisely when it has more rows than columns. Is an eigenspace a subspace? Is an eigenspace closed under lin-
• F. The equation Ax = 0 always has nontrivial solutions. ear combinations?
• G. none of the above v1 + 8~
Also, is 6~ v2 nonzero?
Correct Answers:
Solution: (Instructor solution preview: show the student so-
• A
lution after due date. )
Use Cramer’s rule to solve the following system of equations
SOLUTION for x:
The linear independence of the columns does not change 4x − 2y = −14
with row reduction. Since the columns are linearly independent, −1x + 1y = 4
.
after row reduction, each column contains a leading 1. We get
nontrivial solutions when we have columns without a leading 1
in the row reduced matrix.
The equation Ax = 0 never has nontrivial solutions. • A. -4
Correct Answers: • B. -3
• C. -2
• A
• D. -1
48. (1 pt) local/Library/UI/eigenTF.pg • E. 0
A is n × n an matrices. • F. 1
• G. 2
Check the true statements below: • H. 3
• I. 4
• A. 0 is an eigenvalue of A if and only if Ax = 0 has a • J. none of the above
nonzero solution Correct Answers:
• B. 0 can never be an eigenvalue of A. • B
• C. The vector 0 is an eigenvector of A if and only if 
3 −9 −4

det(A) = 0 Let A =  0 7 5 . Is A = diagonalizable?
• D. The vector 0 can never be an eigenvector of A 0 0 3
• E. There are an infinite number of eigenvectors that cor-
respond to a particular eigenvalue of A.
• F. 0 is an eigenvalue of A if and only if the columns of • A. yes
A are linearly dependent. • B. no
• G. 0 is an eigenvalue of A if and only if det(A) = 0 • C. none of the above
• H. A will have at most n eigenvalues. Solution: (Instructor solution preview: show the student so-
• I. The eigenspace corresponding to a particular eigen- lution after due date. )
value of A contains an infinite number of vectors.
• J. A will have at most n eigenvectors. SOLUTION
• K. The vector 0 is an eigenvector of A if and only if the Note that since the matrix is triangular, the eigenvalues are
columns of A are linearly dependent. the diagonal elements 3 and 7. Since A is a 3 x 3 matrix, we
• L. The vector 0 is an eigenvector of A if and only if need 3 linearly independent eigenvectors. Since 7 has algebraic
Ax = 0 has a nonzero solution multiplicity 1, it has geometric multiplicity 1 (the dimension of
11
  
its eigenspace is 1). Thus we can only use one eigenvector from −1 9 5
the eigenspace corresponding to eigenvalue 7 to form P. and let P =  −4 −2 −7 .
0 7 −7

Thus we need 2 linearly independent eigenvectors from the Suppose A = PDP−1 . Then if dii are the diagonal entries of
eigenspace corresponding to the other eigenvalue 3. The eigen- D, d11 =,
value 3 has algebraic multiplicity 2. Let E = dimension of the
eigenspace corresponding eigenvalue 3. Then 1 ≤ E ≤ 2. But
we can easily see that the Nullspace of A − 3I has dimension 1.
• A. -4
• B. -3
• C. -2
• D. -1
Thus we do not have enough linearly independent eigenvec-
• E. 0
tors to form P. Hence A is not diagonalizable.
• F. 1
Correct Answers:
• G. 2
• B • H. 3
  • I. 4
−5 −18 −9
• J. 5
Let A =  0 1 3 . Is A = diagonalizable?
0 0 −5 Hint: (Instructor hint preview: show the student hint after 0
attempts. The current number of attempts is 0. )
Use definition of eigenvalue since you know an eigenvector cor-
• A. yes responding to eigenvalue d11 .
• B. no Correct Answers:
• C. none of the above • H
Solution: (Instructor solution preview: show the student so-  
2.55555555555556 5
lution after due date. ) Calculate the determinant of .
5 9
SOLUTION
Note that since the matrix is triangular, the eigenvalues are • A. -4
the diagonal elements -5 and 1. Since A is a 3 x 3 matrix, we • B. -3
need 3 linearly independent eigenvectors. Since 1 has algebraic • C. -2
multiplicity 1, it has geometric multiplicity 1 (the dimension of • D. -1
its eigenspace is 1). Thus we can only use one eigenvector from • E. 0
the eigenspace corresponding to eigenvalue 1 to form P. • F. 1
• G. 2
• H. 3
• I. 4
Thus we need 2 linearly independent eigenvectors from the • J. 5
eigenspace corresponding to the other eigenvalue -5. The eigen- Correct Answers:
value -5 has algebraic multiplicity 2. Let E = dimension of the
• C
eigenspace corresponding eigenvalue -5. Then 1 ≤ E ≤ 2. But
we can easily see that the Nullspace of A + 5I has dimension 2.
  
5 −10
Suppose A  4  =  −8 . Then an eigenvalue of A
−1 2
is
Thus we have 3 linearly independent eigenvectors which we
can use to form the square matrix P. Hence A is diagonalizable.
Correct Answers:
• A. -4
• A • B. -3
 • C. -2 
3.55384615384615 −0.138461538461538 2.15604395604396
• D. -1
Let A =  3.13846153846154 2.21538461538462 −4.90549450549451
• E. 0

6.46153846153846 −1.61538461538462 −3.50769230769231
• F. 1
12
 • G. 2
• H. 3
• I. 4 • A. -4
• J. none of the above • B. -3
Correct Answers: • C. -2
• C • D. -1
• E. 0
Suppose u and v are eigenvectors of A with eigenvalue 2 and • F. 1
w is an eigenvector of A with eigenvalue 3. Determine which • G. 2
of the following are eigenvectors of A and their corresponding • H. 3
eigenvalues. • I. 4
• J. 7u + 4w need not be an eigenvector of A
Correct Answers:
(a.) If 4v an eigenvector of A, determine its eigenvalue. Else • G
state it is not an eigenvector of A. • G
• J
If the characteristic polynomial of A = (λ + 6)1 (λ − 7)2 (λ +
• A. -4 6)2 , then the algebraic multiplicity of λ = 7 is
• B. -3
• C. -2
• D. -1
• A. 0
• E. 0
• B. 1
• F. 1
• C. 2
• G. 2
• D. 3
• H. 3
• E. 0 or 1
• I. 4
• F. 0 or 2
• J. 4v need not be an eigenvector of A
• G. 1 or 2
• H. 0, 1, or 2
• I. 0, 1, 2, or 3
• J. none of the above
(b.) If 7u + 4v an eigenvector of A, determine its eigenvalue.
Correct Answers:
Else state it is not an eigenvector of A.
• C
If the characteristic polynomial of A = (λ − 4)5 (λ + 3)2 (λ −
• A. -4 1)8 ,then the geometric multiplicity of λ = −3 is
• B. -3
• C. -2
• D. -1 • A. 0
• E. 0 • B. 1
• F. 1 • C. 2
• G. 2 • D. 3
• H. 3 • E. 0 or 1
• I. 4 • F. 0 or 2
• J. 7u + 4v need not be an eigenvector of A • G. 1 or 2
• H. 0, 1, or 2
• I. 0, 1, 2, or 3
• J. none of the above
(c.) If 7u + 4w an eigenvector of A, determine its eigenvalue. Correct Answers:
Else state it is not an eigenvector of A. • G

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