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Rational
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200 views9 pagesRational and Irrational Function
Rational
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priyavart kumarCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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66 Integral Calculus
Also cdx = 22d2.
[=
zy -ad
en
¢
rc,
which is of the form Ne =a and hence it can be Integrated by
the use of the formula a or on of the Art 4.2.
| dx.
(viii) Integrals of the form J perplatthete
RULE: We put px +4
1
so that pdx = ~ ~jd2.
z
pi dee,
Bi
Az? +Bz+C
whicch after simplification reduces to the form ——3——~"
1
pe? 1 dz
1 M@e? + Be + Cle Poy NAz’ + Bz + C
which is of the form (iv).
de
Ex. Integrate | @ixitx [PU. 47A, 588)
Soln. Let 1 +x = 2? so that dx = 2zdz
andx=22-1+.24+x=2422-1=22+1,
edz _5(_a2_
(+12 9% 241
=2ten“!z =2 tan-(V1 +x).
x2. Integrate
iV x2. Integral od IPU. 478, 58A; B.U. 68A, 93H]
Soin. Let +x=4so that dx = 1
Jpaeand x =
Spo aL nes
ah 70 Integral Calculus
hi +2 anda a
ey where z= x +7 A
Ex.2, Integrate j SS [Pa. 505)
=x
Soln, The given integral /= [ — a
a
War =(a=08) 1 Vaz = = aey
Now, we put x - a =2 so that dx = dz.
Va? - 22 a
dx
*x.3. Integrate j lena Oy (B> a). IR.G. 63A, 91H)
Soin, Let x — @ = 2? so that dx = 2zdz
and x -B=a+z?-B=z?-(B-a).
[ee
Ve? {22 - (B= a}
=-2/—% de
lets
= 2log (2 + V2? = a2)
= 2log {2 + V2? Bay}
=2log Wx-a + Ve-a-(8-a}
= 2log (Vx a + Vk—p}.
NOTE : We could have also worked out: the Problem by breaking (x ~ «t)(x - B
where a2 = 6 - a
) and
itting it rT os) ae
putting it in the form + 5 ) i.e. in the form 2? - a2; but
the above method is easier to apply. Integration of Rational and Irrational Algebraic Functions 71
dx
4. Integrate | (x oy(B= x)"
[B.G. 58S; Bhag. 64A, 90; M.U. 66A, 72A; R.U. 93H; VS 944]
Soln, We put x ~ a = 2? so that ‘dx = 2zdz.
Also xeat22 B-x=Pp-a-z22,
1-f/—*__.j___2e___
(&— aYB-x) ° ¥22(B- a= 2")
dz dz
=2|/—__. eB -
J a: 2f rae where 2? = Bo
Zz
=2 sin"! ==2 sin“!
a
‘B-a
vx =a afx- a
=2sin7) tein
2 sin Woe 720"
NOTE: The other substitution is x = ct cos”0 + B sin20.
+1
x5. Integrate | Vet ae, [pU. 52A}
Soln, The given integral
xt1
|
sel Gy wa
Now
=ule =2-1;
dx
p= | Pope log oe FT)
Therefore 1=f Pe slog (x + VxE~ 1), Integration of Rational and Irrational Algebraic Functions 73
“yes
= 2.
Boa 7 cose
Let cos x =z so that - sin x dx = dz,
Also, writing k* =
Xu Integrate ft 1a ae [PU. 53A; B.U. 67A, 72A, 75A]
Soln, The given ea
14x2 ie
I= | de = J tes
1+x 2
on dividing the num. and den. by x?
rek
jee
J
Now putx-4=2 a vate az.
[3
|
| 74 ihe Calculus
10. Integrate [tae IP. GOA: M.U. 90; Bhag. 93)
‘oln/The given integral
eal
- | ee
(+3) ~2
Now puts+ F=2 so that ~Slacnee
x x
dz
22 - (22 {
lu
aki gg 22 1 te?
32 28 sa lig
lo txt
“NE 82a xa
&.11. Integrate jecce IR.U. 62A; M.U. 64S; Mith.U. 78A]
x441
Soln. The given expression —!— can be written as
: al
1 a onl
x41 2b4e1 ad
1 _lyx-i
alae 3 las
I
But 1 from Exo
Su asi ffom Ex.
1 x2 -Vax+
and bs ase sn
Van ed ek ~V2x41
d= >
Therefore ne OE aE log See 76 Integral Calculus
16. J
err [Put 1+x"=22]
xV1 +x
dk
7. J—==
Nags
d&k
18, |=
XVI + x?
dx
19, |S
Ix +x
20. lS
dx
re
dk
22. Ils [Put x = sec 6]
2 (zee
“4 Ya — 38
en x41
* Nae x3
2. {ee
Ve + 12x +3)
os, (#2
© Nx = x2
x-1 are oe
2. (i) J Jenga PRU. 464) (i) [6
20. [We
31. f V242 ae [put.x =a cos 20)
a-x
[PU. 49a)
[B.J. 59A; M.U. 69S; Bhag. 92H
(PU. 48S; B.U. 55A; R.U. 68S, 92H]
[Bhag. 68A]
[PU. 65S; R.U. 694]
[PG. 65a]
[Bhag. 63A]
IR.. 658}
[PU. 55S]
(PU. 57S}
[PU. 53]
-3
= [Bhag. 93H]
[RU. 49; B.U. 56S, 97H; R.U. 94H]
[M.d. 63A]
(RU. 61A]
IPG. 56A, 73, 77A; Bhag. 63A] ED
ene ae
I é
Integration of Rational and Irrational Algebraic Functions 77
af VA*t ax
ax+3 [PU. 55]
7 x2+2x4+3
Sea [B.U. 61S]
i J (x +42,
et moe
_ Vx -2 IP. 63A, 66S; M.U. 67A]
J ja-x
35. Jx VOT ae [RU. 59S; B.U. 52A, 60A, 63S, 94H]
ve +1
8 aa (PU. 57A)
31. | —————=
J (2x + 1)Nax +3 IR. 62A}
38. —
ov? + 6x + 109 (Pd. 57A]
dx
39, | > .d.
J (2x + 14 = 3x2 IMG. 664]
[B.d. 59S; R.G. 72A]
- dk
ae of (1+ xV1 + 2x -2?
MO J ana (e.0. 974
a. Sa"