PROFESSOR FUAKYE ACADEMY & TRAINING SCHOOL, KUMASI

College of Science

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS

BSC. (PHYSICS) END OF SEMESTER EXAMINATION

PHY 352 QUANTUM MECHANICS II

April/May, 2015

CONSTANTS THAT MAY BE USED

Planck’s constant, h = 6.626 × 10−34 𝐽𝑠

Electronic charge, e =1.6 × 10−19 𝐽

Electron rest mass, m = 9.1 × 10−31 𝑘𝑔

Speed of light in free space = 3.0 × 108 𝑚𝑠 −1

Section A

1. Which of the following is a correct form of the time dependent Schrödinger equation

⃗ ,𝒕)
𝒊ћ𝝏𝝍(𝒓 −ћ𝟐 𝛁𝟐 𝝍(𝒓
⃗ ,𝒕)
A. = ⃗ )𝝍(𝒓
+ 𝒗(𝒓 ⃗ , 𝒕)
𝝏𝒕 𝟐𝒎
ћ𝜕𝜓(𝑟 ,𝑡) ћ2 ∇2 𝜓(𝑟 ,𝑡)
B. = + 𝑣(𝑟)𝜓(𝑟, 𝑡)
𝜕𝑡 2𝑚
𝑖ћ𝜕𝜓(𝑟 ,𝑡) −ћ2 ∇2 𝜓(𝑟 ,𝑡)
C. =
𝜕𝑡 2𝑚
𝑖ћ𝜕𝜓(𝑟 ,𝑡) −ћ2 ∇2
D. = + 𝑣(𝑟)
𝜕𝑡 2

1
2. To find the time-independent Schrödinger equation, which of the following is a best solution to consider

A. 𝜓(𝑟, 𝑡) = 𝜓(𝑟)
𝑖
B. 𝜓(𝑟, 𝑡) = 𝑒 −ћ𝐸𝑡
𝑖
C. 𝜓(𝑟, 𝑡) = 𝜓(𝑟)𝑒 ћ𝐸𝑡
𝒊
⃗ )𝒆−ћ𝑬𝒕
⃗ , 𝒕) = 𝝍(𝒓
D. 𝝍(𝒓

3. Which of the following is a correct form of the time- independent Schrödinger equation

−ћ2 ∇2 𝜓(𝑟 )
A. + 𝑣(𝑟) = 𝐸𝜓
2𝑚

B. 𝑯𝝍 = 𝑬𝝍
−ћ2 ∇2 𝜓(𝑟 )
C. + 𝑣(𝑟) 𝜓(𝑟) = 𝐸𝜓
2𝑚
−ћ2 ∇2 𝜓(𝑟 )
D. + 𝑣(𝑟) 𝜓(𝑟) = 𝐸𝜓
2

4. The function𝜓(𝑟), which is the study-state solution to the Schrödinger equation will normally satisfy the chosen
equation for (3) above for particular values of E. These values of E are called the

A. Eigenvalues.
B. Principal quantum numbers
C. Complex values
D. Orbital quantum numbers

Use the equation below to answer questions 5 and 6

−ћ2 𝛻 2
Ĥ= + 𝑣(𝑟)
2𝑚

5. Which of the following about the equation is false?

A. The operator Ĥ is Hermitian.

B. The operator Ĥ must have real value
C. The energy of the system cannot be complex or imaginary.
D. The energy of the system can be complex or imaginary
2
6. The operator Ĥ must therefore have real equation because;

A. The operator Ĥ is not a Hermitian.

B. The operator Ĥ does not exist
C. The energy of the system cannot be complex or imaginary.
D. The energy of the system can be complex or imaginary

7. Which of these physical systems cannot be compared to the Step Potential (𝐸 < 𝑉𝑂 )?

A. Infinite wire
B. Capacitor without edges
C. An electron in a metal
D. None of these

8. The potential energy described by a step potential is given as

𝐕 𝐱>𝟎
A. V(𝐱) = { 𝟎 }
𝟎 𝐱<𝟎
V x=0
B. V(x) = { 0 }
0 x<0
V x<0
C. V(x) = { 0 }
0 x>0
V x=0
D. V(x) = { 0 }
0 x=0

9. The Schrödinger equation for a step potential is used to find a wave function which is a solution for total Energy
E< 𝑉0. This is because this potential is
A. independent of time
B. dependent of time
C. remains constant
D. None of these

3
10. When treating systems with E< 𝑉0 . Which of these best describe the assume solution for the particle’s
incidence?

A. 𝜓(𝑥) = 𝐴𝑒 −𝑖𝑘1 𝑥 − 𝐵𝑒 −𝑖𝑘1 𝑥

B. 𝝍(𝒙) = 𝑨𝒆𝒊𝒌𝟏 𝒙 + 𝑩𝒆−𝒊𝒌𝟏 𝒙
C. 𝜓(𝑥) = 𝐴𝑒 −𝑖𝑘1 𝑥
D. 𝜓(𝑥) = 𝐵𝑒 −𝑖𝑘1 𝑥

11. From question 10 above, which of the following is true about the energy of the particle?

A. The energy of the particle increases with increasing wave vector

B. The energy of the particle decreases with increasing wave vector
C. The energy of the particle increases with the wave vector exponentially
D. The energy of the particle decreases with the wave vector exponentially

12. When treating systems with energy less than step height E< 𝑉0. Which of these most describe the assume
solution for the particle’s reflection?

A. A . 𝜓(𝑥) = 𝐶𝑒 𝑘2 𝑥 + 𝐷𝑒 −𝑘2 𝑥
B. B. 𝜓(𝑥) = 𝐶𝑒 𝑘2 𝑥 − 𝐷𝑒 −𝑘2 𝑥
C. 𝜓(𝑥) = ∞
D. 𝝍(𝒙) = 𝑫𝒆−𝒌𝟐 𝒙

13. From question 12 above, which of the following is true about the energy of the particle?

A. The energy of the particle increases with increasing wave vector

B. The energy of the particle decreases with increasing wave vector
C. The energy of the particle increases with the wave vector exponentially
D. The energy of the particle decreases with the wave vector exponentially

4
14. When treating systems with energy less than step height E< 𝑉0. The amplitudes A and B for such a particle is
given as
𝑖𝑘2 𝑖𝑘2
A. 𝐴 = 𝐷⁄2 (1 + ) and 𝐵 = 𝐷⁄2 (1 + )
𝑘1 𝑘1
𝑖𝑘2 𝑖𝑘2
B. 𝐴 = 𝐷⁄2 (1 − ) and 𝐵 = 𝐷⁄2 (1 + )
𝑘1 𝑘1
𝑖𝑘2 𝑖𝑘2
C. 𝐴 = 𝐷⁄2 (1 − ) and 𝐵 = 𝐷⁄2 (1 − )
𝑘1 𝑘1
𝒊𝒌𝟐 𝒊𝒌𝟐
D. 𝑨 = 𝑫⁄𝟐 (𝟏 + ) and 𝑩 = 𝑫⁄𝟐 (𝟏 − )
𝒌𝟏 𝒌𝟏

15. Considering the wave function relation for a system with energy less than step height E< 𝑉0

𝐷⁄ (1 + 𝑖𝑘2⁄ ) 𝑒 𝑖𝑘1 𝑥 + 𝐷⁄ (1 − 𝑖𝑘2⁄ ) 𝑒 −𝑖𝑘1 𝑥 𝑥 ≤ 0,

𝜓(𝑥) = { 2 𝑘1 2 𝑘1
𝐷𝑒 −𝑖𝑘2 𝑥 𝑥≥0
Which of these statements is false?

A. The first term which is the wave travelling in the increasing x direction is the incidence of the particle.
B. The second term which is the wave travelling in the decreasing x direction is the incidence of the
particle
C. The second term which is the wave travelling in the decreasing x direction is the reflection of the particle
D. The second term which is the wave travelling in the decreasing x direction is the reflection of the particle

16. Which of the following about reflection coefficient is false?

A. It describes the probability that the incidence of the particle is reflected.

B. It depends on amplitude
C. It depend on intensities.
D. Reflection coefficient equals one in all cases

17. All but one of the following about simple harmonic motion is NOT true

A. It is a prototype of any system involving oscillation.

B. It is used to study the vibration of atoms in diatomic molecules
C. It is used to study the acoustic and thermal properties of solids which arise from atomic vibrations

5
 D. SHM is used to describe almost any system in which an entity is executing small vibrations about a
point of unstable equilibrium.
E. SHM is used to describe almost any system in which an entity is executing small vibrations about a point of
stable equilibrium.

18. A particle of mass m in one-dimensional harmonic oscillation is subjected to a potential

1
A. 𝑉(𝑥) = 2 𝑚𝑤 2
1
B. 𝑉(𝑥) = 2 𝑚𝑤 2 𝑥 2
1
C. 𝑉(𝑥) = 2 𝑚𝑥 2

D. 𝑉(𝑥) = 𝑚𝑤 2 𝑥 2

19. The relation between 𝜔 and 𝜅 is given as

𝑘
A. 𝜔 = √𝑚

𝑘
B. 𝜔 = ±√𝑚

2𝑘
C. 𝜔 = √ 𝑚
𝑘
D. 𝜔 = 𝑚

20. The total energy of the Harmonic oscillator is given by the Hamiltonian which is expressed as

𝑃2 1
I. 𝐸 = 2𝑚 + 2 𝑘𝑥 2

𝑃2 1
II. 𝐸 = 2𝑚 + 2 𝑚𝑤 2 𝑥 2

A. I only
B. II only
C. Either I or II

6
21. The commutation relation [𝑎, 𝑎+ ] is equal to

𝑚𝑤 𝑖𝑝
A. √ 2ћ (𝑥 + 𝑚𝑤)

𝑚𝑤 𝑖𝑝
B. √ 2ћ (𝑥 − 𝑚𝑤)

C. 1
D. −1

22. The energy of the Harmonic oscillator is given by the Hamiltonian which is expressed as

1
I. 𝐸𝑛 = ћ𝑤 (𝑛 − 2)

1
II. 𝐸𝑛 ≠ ћ𝑤 (𝑛 + 2)

1
III. 𝐸𝑛 = ћ𝑤 (𝑛 + 2)

1
IV. 𝐸𝑛 = ℎ𝑓 (𝑁 + 2)

A. I only
B. II only
C. III and IV only
D. All of the above

23. The lowering and raising operators are respectively given as;

A. 𝑎 ln > = √𝑛𝑙𝑛 − 1 > 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎 + ln > = √𝑛 + 1|𝑛 + 1 >

B. 𝑎 ln > = √𝑛𝑙𝑛 + 1 > 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎 + ln > = √𝑛 − 1|𝑛 + 1 >
C. 𝑎 ln > = 𝑛 + 1 > 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎+ ln > = √𝑛 − 1

7
24. The commutation relation [𝑎+ 𝑎, 𝑎] is equal to

𝑚𝑤 𝑖𝑝
A. √ 2ћ (𝑥 + 𝑚𝑤)

𝑚𝑤 𝑖𝑝
B. √ 2ћ (𝑥 − 𝑚𝑤)

C. – 𝑎
D. 𝑎

25. The commutation relation [𝑎+ 𝑎, 𝑎+ ] is equal to

𝑚𝑤 𝑖𝑝
A. √ (𝑥 + 𝑚𝑤)
ћ

B. 𝑎+
C. – 𝑎
D. 𝑎

26. The smallest possible value of the ground state of the harmonic oscillator has energy given as

1
A. 𝐸𝑂 = ћ𝑤 (𝑛 − 2)

B. 𝐸𝑂 = 1⁄2 ћ𝑤
1
C. 𝐸𝑂 = ћ𝑤 (𝑛 + 2)

D. 𝐸𝑂 = ℎ𝑓

27. A raising operator in harmonic oscillator is given by𝑎+ . Find the value of 𝑎+ l3 >

A. 3 l4 >
B. 2 l4 >
C. 4 l3 >
D. 2 l2 >

8
28. A lowering operator in harmonic oscillator is given by a. Find the value of 𝑎 l3 >

A. √3 l4 >
B. √2 l4 >
C. 4 l3 >
D. √3 l2 >

29. The general equation used to describe the energy states of the harmonic oscillator is given as

𝑛
(𝑎+) l0>
A. |𝑛 >=
√𝑛!
𝑛
(𝑎−) l0>
B. |𝑛 >=
√𝑛!
𝑛
(𝑎+) l0>
C. |𝑛 >=
√𝑛
𝑛
(𝑎+) l0>
D. |𝑛 >= ±
√𝑛!

30. Which of the following is invariant under space inversion?

A. symmetric wave function

B. energy function
C. anti-symmetric wave function
D. eigenfunction

31. Which of the following is a boson?

A. electron
B. helium-3
C. neutrons
D. photon

32. Quantum particles are not distinguishable as a results of

A. Pauli’s principle

9
 B. Fermi principle
C. Uncertainty principle
D. Spin orbit interaction

33. One of the main importance of the Stern Gerlach experiment is

A. Spinning of an electron
B. Uncertainty principle
C. Space quantization
D. Zeeman’s effect

34. At very low temperatures helium-3 forms condensates which account for it

A. Superconductivity
B. Super fluidity
C. Conductivity
D. mobility

35. Which of the following statements is true?

A. The perturbation should be relatively low before we can apply the theory
B. The dimensionless constant should be greater than one
C. We cannot express the parameters as power series
D. None of the above

36. A quantum mechanical phenomenon in which electrons move across a barrier even if its energy is lower than
the energy of the barrier is referred to as

A. Spin
B. Condensation
C. Superconductivity
D. tunneling

10
37. Using the Fermi-Dirac distribution function. What is the probability of occupation when energy E equals the
Fermi energy?

3
A. 4
1
B. 2
1
C.
3

D. 1

An electron in a hydrogen atom 3-d quantum state makes a transition to a 2-p state.
Use the above information to answer questions 38-40.

38. What are the principal quantum numbers involved in the transition?

A. 1 and 2
B. 1 and 3
C. 2 and 3
D. 3 and 4
39. What is the approximate wavelength of the photon emitted during the transition?
A. 600nm
B. 670nm
C. 280nm
D. 890nm
40. Which region of the electromagnetic spectrum does the photon lie?

A. Visible
B. Infrared
C. Ultraviolet
D. X-ray

11
41. The orbital angular momentum number L is equal to

𝜕 𝜕
A. −iћ(𝑥 𝜕𝑦 − 𝑦 𝜕𝑥 )
𝜕 𝜕
B. −iћ(𝑦 𝜕𝑧 − 𝑍 𝜕𝑦 )
𝜕 𝜕
C. iћ(𝑥 𝜕𝑦 − 𝑦 𝜕𝑥 )
𝜕 𝜕
D. iћ(𝑦 𝜕𝑧 − 𝑍 𝜕𝑦 )

42. Given the commutation relation[𝐴, 𝐵𝐶]. Which of the following is correct?

A. [A, B] − [A, C]
B. [A, B] + [A, C]
C. C[A, B] + [B, C]A
D. B[A, C] + [A, B]C

43. Consider n = 4 state of an atom. What is the maximum magnitude of the orbital angular momentum?

A. 3ћ
B. √8ћ
C. √10ћ
D. √12ћ

Use this equation to answer questions 44-48

A hydrogen atom has n = 3

44. How many distinct states (n, l,𝑚𝑙 ) do we have?

A. 6
B. 7
C. 8
D. 9

12
45. Find the energy of these states

A. −13.60 eV
B. −3.40 eV
C. −1.50 eV
D. −0.85 eV

46. How many distinct states (n, l,𝑚𝑙 ) do we have when we take spin into consideration?

A. 10
B. 15
C. 18
D. 16

47. Given that the transmission coefficient of a potential barrier is 0.346. What is the value of the reflection
coefficient?

A. 1.654
B. 2.038
C. 1.346
D. 0.654

48. The creation operator acting 𝑎+ on the eigenket ln > is given by𝑎+ ln > = √𝑛 + 1|𝑛 + 1 >. What is the value
of l2 >?

𝑎+
A. l1 >
√3
𝑎+
B. l1 >
√2
𝑎+
C. l2 >
√3
𝑎+
D. l2 >
√2

13
49. The annihilation operator is defined as 𝑎 ln > = √𝑛|𝑛 − 1 > and 𝑎2 ln > is given by;

A. √𝑛(𝑛 − 1)|𝑛 − 2 >

B. √𝑛(𝑛 + 1)|𝑛 + 1 >

C. √𝑛(𝑛 − 2)|𝑛 − 1 >

D. √𝑛(𝑛 − 3)|𝑛 − 2 >

50. Which of the following is a spin half particle

A. Proton
B. helium-4
C. deuteron
D. photon

51. An electron precesses in a magnetic field of strength 2.0T. Assuming𝑔𝑙 = 2. What is the Larmor frequency?

A. 2.40 × 1010 𝐻𝑧
B. 3.51 × 1011 𝐻𝑧
C. 5.64 × 1010 𝐻𝑧
D. 4.31 × 1011 𝐻𝑧

1
52. In a harmonic oscillator the total energy is given as by 𝐸𝑛 = (𝑛 + 2) ћ𝑤 where

A. n = 0, 1, 2……
B. n = 1, 2, 3……
C. n =2, 3, 4……
D. n = 3, 4, 5……

53. Given two quantum numbers l and s. If the total angular momentum quantum number is j. find the value(s) of j
1
if l = 2 and s = 2

5
A. 2
14
 3
B. 2
5 3
C. 2, 2
1
D. 2, 2

54. How many photons can be found in a system which contains 0.30mm infrared if the total energy within the
system is 0.0621 eV?

A. 14
B. 15
C. 16
D. 17

55. Evaluate the value of the z-component of the angular momentum of an electron

1
A. ћ
2
1
B. − 2 ћ

C. ћ

D. − ћ

1
E. ± 2 ћ

56. How did Neil’s Bohr resolve the instability problem of the atom?

By postulating that the

A. force which acts on the electron along a circular orbit provides the centripetal acceleration required for a
dynamically stable circular orbit.
B. the atom emits or absorbs electromagnetic radiation only when the electron makes transition from one orbit
to another.
C. the orbiting electron can only occupy certain circular orbits for which the angular momentum is equal to
integral multiples of ћ.
D. the electron cannot occupy any elliptical orbit to enable it stay on a stable orbit

15
57. What is the energy of one electron atomic system when the electron is in the sixth excited state assuming the
nucleus is stationary?

A. −2.27 eV
B. −1.94 eV
C. −0.38 eV
D. −0.28 eV

58. An electron initially in the sixth excited state de-excites radiatively to the ground state. What is the frequency of
the radiated light?

A. 2.74 × 1015 𝐻𝑧
B. 2. 82 × 1015 𝐻𝑧
C. 3. 19 × 1015 𝐻𝑧
D. 3.22 × 1015 𝐻𝑧

59. State de Broglie’s hypothesis.

A. Momentum of matter varies with the wavelength

B. Matter can exhibit both particle nature and wave nature
C. The wavelength of matter wave is inversely proportional to to the momentum of the matter and the constant
of proportionality is the Planck’s constant
D. Momentum of matter wave is quantized

60. When treating systems with energy less than step height E > 𝑉0. The amplitudes B and C for such a particle is
given as
𝑘 −𝑘 2𝑘1
A. 𝐵 = 𝑘1 +𝑘2 𝐴 and 𝐶 = 𝑘 𝐴
1 2 1 +𝑘2

𝑘 +𝑘 2𝑘1
B. 𝐵 = 𝑘1 +𝑘2 𝐴 and 𝐶 = 𝑘 𝐴
1 2 1 +𝑘2

𝑘 −𝑘 𝑘1
C. 𝐵 = 𝑘1 −𝑘2 𝐴 and 𝐶 = 𝑘 𝐴
1 2 1 +𝑘2

𝑘 −𝑘 2
D. 𝐵 = 𝑘1 +𝑘2 𝐴 and 𝐶 = 𝑘 𝐴
1 2 1 +𝑘2

16
61. For E > 𝑉0 the reflection coefficient is defined as

𝑘 −𝑘 2
I. 𝑅 = (𝑘1 +𝑘2)
1 2

II. 𝑅<1
III. 𝑅=1
A. I only
B. I and II only
C. I, II and III

62. The probability that a particle will be transmitted past the potential step from the region 𝑥 > 0 is defined as

A. Transmission coefficient T
B. reflection coefficient
C. Tunneling
D. Superconductivity

63. The expression for transmission coefficient T is slightly different from Reflection coefficient because

A. the velocity in the two regions is similar

B. the velocity in the two regions is different.
C. the velocity in the two regions is indeterminate
D. None of the above

64. Transmission and reflection coefficients are actually defined in terms of the ratio of the

A. Probability densities
B. Probability functions
C. Amplitudes
D. Probability fluxes.

17
65. The probability per second that a particle will be found crossing some reference point traveling in a particular
direction is defined as.

A. Tunneling
B. Probability functions
C. Amplitudes
D. Probability flux

66. Transmission coefficients is defined as

𝐵∗ 𝐵
I. T= 𝐴∗ 𝐴

𝑉 2𝑘1 2
II. 𝑇 = 𝑉2 (𝑘 )
1 1 +𝑘2

4𝑘1 𝑘2
III. 𝑇 = (𝑘 2
1 +𝑘2 )

IV. 𝑇 =1−𝑅
A. I only
B. I, II, III
C. II, III, IV
D. All of the above

67. The probability flux incident upon the potential step has an absorbance equals

A. zero
B. one
C. two
D. three

68. The probability of the particle either transmitted or reflected equals

A. zero
B. one
C. two
D. three

18
69. When a neutron enters a nucleus, it experiences a potential energy which drops at the nuclear surface very
rapidly from a constant internal value of about V=-50MeV.The decrease in potential is what makes it possible for a
neutron to be bound in a nucleus. Consider a neutron incident with incident with external kinetic energy of
V=5MeV, which is typical for a neutron that has just been emitted form a nuclear fusion. Estimate the probability
that the neutron will be reflected at the nuclear surface.

A. 0.39
B. 0.19
C. 0.20
D. 0.29

0 0<𝑥<𝑙
70. Given that 𝑉(𝑥) = {
∞ 𝑥 < 0, 𝑥 > 𝑙

This potential is that for

A. Step potential, E < 𝑉𝑂

B. Step potential, E > 𝑉𝑂
C. Harmonic oscillator
D. Particle in an infinite square well

𝑛2 ℎ 2
71. For a particle in a one dimensional rigid box, the total energy is given as by𝐸 = 8𝑚𝑙2 where

A. n = 0, 1, 2……
B. n = 1, 2, 3……
C. n =2, 3, 4……
D. n = 3, 4, 5……

72. In deducing the energy of a particle in a one dimensional rigid box, the sine is zero for angles

A. 𝜋, 2𝜋, 3𝜋
B. 0, 𝜋, 2𝜋, 3𝜋
1 3
C. 0, 𝜋, 𝜋, 𝜋
2 2

D. None of the above

19
73. Which of the following statement is true?

I. For a particle in a rigid box, the separation between the energy states are the same whereas for a
harmonic oscillator, the separation between the energy states are farther apart.
II. For a particle in a rigid box, the separation between the energy states are farther apart whereas for a
harmonic oscillator, the separation between the energy states are the same
A. I only
B. II only
C. Either I or II
D. None of these

74. At absolute zero (0K), quantum mechanics predicts that the particle in a box would not rest but would have

A. a zero-point energy.
B. finite energy
C. Infinite energy
D. None of these

75. Which of the following statement about a particle in a rigid box is true?

A. the smaller the width the larger the momentum and energy
B. the larger the width the larger the momentum and energy
C. the smaller the width the smaller the momentum and energy
D. the larger the width the smaller the momentum and energy

76. Using normalization condition, find the value of l from the wave function equation
𝑛𝜋
ѱ𝑛 = 𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥)
𝑙

1
A. √
𝑙

2
B. √
𝑙

3
C. √
𝑙

20
 1
D. √
2𝑙

Use the information below to answer questions 77-79

An electron is trapped in an infinitely deep square well potential of length 𝑙 = 1.0 × 10−10 𝑚.

77. Calculate the energy at the first excited state level.

A. 150.8 eV
B. 37.7 eV
C. 339.3 eV
D. 39.3 eV

78. Calculate the energy at the second excited state level.

A. 150.8 eV
B. 37.7 eV
C. 339.3 eV
D. 39.3 eV

79. If a photon were emitted when an electron jumps from the 𝑛 = 2 state to 𝑛 = 1 state, what would be its
wavelength?

A. 10.69 𝑛𝑚
B. 10.96 𝑛𝑚
C. 1096 𝑛𝑚
D. 1069 𝑛𝑚

80. If the𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡, 𝑇 = 0.04, then what is the value of the 𝑅𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡, 𝑅

A. 𝑅 = 0.96
B. 𝑅 = 0.86
C. 𝑅 = 0.76
D. 𝑅 = 0.56

21
81. Which of the following about tunneling is true?

A. The probability of an electron to tunnel through decreases with increasing length, l

B. The probability of an electron to tunnel through increases with increasing length, l
C. The probability of an electron to tunnel through increases with decreasing length, l
D. None of these

82. An 50 𝑒𝑉 electron approaches a square barrier 70 𝑒𝑉 high and 1.0 𝑛𝑚 thick. What is the probability that the
electron will tunnel through?

A. 1 × 10−24
B. 1 × 10−23
C. 1 × 10−22
D. 1 × 10−21
E. 1 × 10−20

83. An 50 𝑒𝑉 electron approaches a square barrier 70 𝑒𝑉 high and 1.0 𝑛𝑚 thick. What is the value of the constant,
G?

A. 2.29 × 10−24
B. 2.29 × 10−23
C. 1.29 × 10−22
D. 2.29 × 10−20
E. 2.29 × 10−10

84. Tunneling is applicable in the following areas except?

A. Tunnel diode
B. Scanning tunneling microscope
C. Radioactive decay
D. Atomic force microscope
E. Super fluidity

22
85. Metals and semiconductors which when current flows through them behave as if there is no resistance to the
flow of current at very low temperatures are called?

A. Superconductors
B. Cooper pairs
C. Semiconductors
D. Super fluids

86. The initial drop in resistance as temperature decreases till a point is reached when a graph of resistance is
plotted against temperature is called the critical temperature where the resistance drops

A. to zero
B. to one
C. remains the same
D. increases

87. The S. I unit for angular momentum is

A. 𝑘𝑔𝑚2 𝑠 −1
B. 𝑘𝑔𝑚2 𝑠 2
C. Joule
D. 𝑁𝑚

88. An electron of mass m, and charge (-e) in a circular pole of radius r, orbiting with a velocity v. The charge
circulating current in the loop is given as

𝑒
A. 𝑖 = 2𝜋𝑟
𝑣
B. 𝑖 = 2𝜋𝑟
𝑒𝑣
C. 𝑖 = 2𝑟
𝑒𝑣
D. 𝑖 = 2𝜋𝑟

23
89. The unit of orbital magnetic dipole is given by;

A. 𝐽𝑠
B. 𝐴𝑚2
C. 𝐼𝑚−2
D. 𝐴𝑚−2

90. Bohr magneton is defined as

𝑒ћ
A. µ𝑏 = 2𝑚
ћ
A. µ𝑏 = 2𝑚
𝑒
B. µ𝑏 = 2𝑚
𝑒ћ
C. µ𝑏 = 2

91. The value of Bohr magneton is

A. µ𝑏 = 0.927× 10−23 𝐴𝑚−2

B. µ𝑏 = 0.0927× 10−23 𝐴𝑚−2
C. µ𝑏 = 0.9327× 10−23 𝐴𝑚
D. µ𝑏 = 0.9227× 10−23 𝐴𝑚2

92. When a magnetic dipole moment is placed in an applied magnetic field B, it experiences

A. a torque
B. an energy
C. Field strength
D. None of these

24
93. From the Stern-Gerlach Experiment, the results could only be explained by postulating that an electron has an
intrinsic magnetic dipole moment µ𝑠 and posses an intrinsic angular momentum called

A. Spin
B. magnetic dipole moment
C. Force
D. Principal quantum number

94. Which of these statements is true?

I. spin g factor 𝑔𝑠 = 2, whereas orbital magnetic ratio 𝑔𝑙 = 1

II. spin g factor 𝑔𝑠 = 1, whereas orbital magnetic ratio 𝑔𝑙 = 2
1
III. Spin quantum number has a value of 𝑠 = 2 and spin magnetic quantum number 𝑚𝑠 = ± 1⁄2
1
IV. Spin quantum number has a value of 𝑠 = ± 2 and spin magnetic quantum number 𝑚𝑠 = 1⁄2

A. I and II only
B. II and III only
C. I and III only
D. IV only

95. When a magnetic dipole moment is placed in an applied magnetic field B, the transverse force FZ experience the
atoms in z direction is given by;

𝜕𝐵
A. 𝐹 = µ𝐵 𝜕𝑍
𝜕𝐵
B. 𝐹 = 𝜕𝑍
𝐵
C. 𝐹 = µ𝐵 𝜕𝑍
𝜕𝐵
D. 𝐹 = µ𝐵 𝜕𝑥

25
96. The only possible precise values for the magnitude of orbital angular momentum are given by;

L=√𝑙(𝑙 + 1) ћ where

A. l = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4……
B. l = 1, 2, 3, 4……
C. l = 0, 1, 2, 3
D. l = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4

97. How many possible outcomes are given when the orbital angular momentum is chosen in the z direction?

A. 3l+1
B. l+1
C. 2l+1
D. 2l−1

98. What are the possible values for 𝑗 in the 3𝑑 state of a hydrogen?

1 3
A. 𝑗 = 2 , 2
3 1
B. 𝑗 = 2 , 2
5 3
C. 𝑗 = 2 , 2
3 1
D. 𝑗 = 2 , 4

99. When a magnetic dipole µ

⃗ is placed in a magnetic field exerts a torque 𝜏 = µ × 𝐵 on the dipole. The potential
energy associated with this interaction is given by

𝑒ћ
A. 𝑈 = 2𝑚 𝑚𝑙 𝐵
ћ
B. 𝑈 = 2𝑚 𝑚𝑙 𝐵
𝑒ћ
C. 𝑈 = 𝑚𝑙 𝐵
2
𝑒ћ
D. 𝑈 = 2𝑚 𝐵

26
100. States with the same energy in the absence of magnetic field are called

A. degenerate states
B. Non degenerate states
C. Energy states
D. None of the above

101. States with different energy in the presence of magnetic field are called

A. degenerate states
B. Non degenerate states
C. Energy states
D. None of the above

102. Which of the following about Zeeman Effect is correct?

I. It is the splitting of atomic energy levels and the associated spectra when atoms are placed in a magnetic
field.
II. It confirms space quantization
III. One application of Zeeman Effect is splitting of energy levels by a magnetic field which is the basis of
magnetic resonance technique.
A. I only
B. II only
C. II and III
D. I, II, III

103. An analogous effect of spinning orbit interaction occurs in nuclei called nuclear spin-orbit interaction but in
such atoms its reasonable because the internal magnetic fields are strong nucleus of the atom has a magnetic dipole
moment that interacts with the orbital and /or spin magnetic dipole moment of electrons. These effects are called

A. hypo fine structure

B. hyperfine structure
C. Fine structure
D. Smooth structure

27
104. Larmor frequency is defined as

gl µB β
A. 𝑤 = ћ
µB β
B. 𝑤 = ћ
gl β
C. 𝑤 = ћ
gl µB β
D. 𝑤 = − ћ

Use the information below to answer questions 105-106

Consider an electron in hydrogen having total energy -0.5440 eV.

105. What is the highest possible values of its orbital angular momentum (in terms of ћ)?

A. √20ћ
B. √12ћ
C. √6ћ
D. √2ћ

106. What wavelength of light would it take to excite this electron to the next higher shell?

A. 7.84 𝑛𝑚
B. 74.84 𝑛𝑚
C. 7484 𝑛𝑚
D. 7.8094 𝑛𝑚

107. A quantum state is four fold degenerate. If 𝒏 = 𝟐 and|𝒏 𝒍 𝒎 > is used. If 𝒏 is the principal quantum number, 𝒍
orbital quantum number and 𝒎 magnetic quantum number. What are the degenerate states?

I. |2 0 0 >
II. |2 1 1 >
III. |2 1 0 >
IV. |2 1 − 1 >

28
 A. I, II, III only
B. II, III, IV only
C. I and III only
D. I, II, III IV

108. How many different states are possible for an electron whose principal quantum number is 𝒏 = 𝟑?

A. 9
B. 18
C. 24
D. 15

109. Evaluate [𝑱+ , 𝑱𝒚 ]

A. 𝑖ћ𝐽𝑧
B. +ћ𝐽+
C. 0

D. −ћ𝐽+

110. Evaluate [𝑱𝟐 , 𝑱𝒛 ]

A. 𝑖ћ𝐽𝑧
B. +ћ𝐽+
C. 0

D.−ћ𝐽+

111. Identical particles are truly indistinguishable as a results of

A. Pauli’s principle
B. Fermi principle
C. Uncertainty principle
D. Spin orbit interaction

29
112. All the following are fermions except?

A. Electron
B. Protons
C. Neutrons
D. Deuterium

113. All the following are bosons except?

A. Helium
B. Photons
C. Neutrons
D. Deuterium
E. Phonons

114. Which of the following about asymmetric and antisymmetric total eigenfunction are true?

A. the probability density functions are not changed by the exchange of the particle labels.
B. the probability density functions are increased by the exchange of the particle labels.
C. the probability density functions are decreased by the exchange of the particle labels.
D. None of these

115. Bosom togetherness is also responsible for the super fluidity of liquid helium consisting of weakly interacting
helium at temperature below

A. 2.2 K
B. 4.2 K
C. 8.0 K
A. 10.0 K

30
116. Which of the following about Bose-Einstein condensate is not correct?

A. At low temperatures a considerable fraction of atoms in liquid helium ‘condense’ into the lowest energy state.
They form Bose-Einstein condensate in which are coherent with each other and move collectively without
friction.

B. It occurs in the superconductivity of metals at low temperatures because pairs of electrons act like
indistinguishable bosons.
C. It occurs in the superconductivity of metals at low temperatures because pairs of electrons does not act like
indistinguishable bosons.
D. It also probably occurs when liquid helium-3 becomes a superfluid at very low temperatures.

117. Helium -3 atoms, unlike the normal helium atoms are fermions because

A. 3He has spin half

B. 3He has zero spin
C. 3He has even spin
D. None of the above

118. …………will "creep" along surfaces in order to find its own level—after a short while, the levels in the two
containers will equalize.

A. Helium III
B. Helium II
C. Helium IV
D. Mercury

119. The splitting of the energy levels of the hydrogen atom (or other/atoms) resulting from the application of an
electric field is termed as

A. Starke effect
B. Zeeman’s effect
C. Super fluids

31
 D. Superconductivity

120. What is responsible for electrical conduction in superconductors?

A. Electrons
B. Semiconductors
C. Cooper pairs
D. Holes and Electrons

121. What theory helps to solve more complicated systems?

A. time independence Schrodinger theory

B. time dependence Perturbation theory
C. time independence Perturbation theory
D. Selection rules

Use the information below to answer questions 122-124

The perturbed and unperturbed Hamiltonian are given by

𝐻 = 𝐻0 + 𝜆𝑉 And 𝑯𝟎 |𝒏(𝟎) 〉 = 𝑬𝒏 (𝟎) |𝒏(𝟎) 〉 respectively

122. The perturbation V is a

A. Hermitian
B. Complex variable
C. Probability density
D. Wave function

123. The dimensionless parameter 𝝀 ranges from

A. 0 to 2
B. 1 to 0
C. 0 to 1
D. 00 to 11

32
124. What are the possible values of n?

A. 𝑛 = 0,1,2,3, …
B. 𝑛 = 1,2,3, …
C. 𝑛 = 1,2,3
D. 𝑛 = 0,1,2,3

125. In treating a complicated system where the concept of perturbation is required. Which of the following is true
for the zeroth-order energy level?

I. |𝒏(𝟏) 〉 is proportional to 〈𝒌(𝟎) |𝑽|𝒏(𝟎) 〉

II. |𝒏(𝟏) 〉 is inversely proportional to the energy difference between Eigen states k and n.
III. The perturbation deforms the Eigen state to greater extent if there are more Eigen states at nearby
energies.
A. I, II only
B. II, III only
C. I and III only
D. I, II, III

126. In a metal at 0K, the Fermi energy is:

A. the highest energy of any electron

B. the lowest energy of any electron
C. the mean thermal energy of the electrons
D. the energy of the top of the valence band
E. the energy at the bottom of the conduction band

127. The Fermi-Dirac occupancy probability P (E) varies between:

A. 0 and 1
B. 0 and infinity
C. 1 and infinity
D. −1 and 1
E. 0 and EF

33
128. Which of the following subshells cannot exist?
A. 3p
B. 2p
C. 4d
D. 3d
E. 2d

129. Which of the following (n, l, ml, ms) combinations is impossible for an electron in an atom?
A. 3, 1, 1, −1/2
B. 6, 2, 0, 1/2
C. 3, 2, −2, −1/2
D. 3, 1, −2, 1/2
E. 1, 0, 0, −1/2

130. The Pauli Exclusion Principle is obeyed by:

A. all particles
B. all charged particles
C. all particles with spin quantum numbers of 1/2
D. all particles with spin quantum numbers of 1
E. all particles with mass

131. The force exerted on a magnetic dipole as it moves with velocity v through a Stern-Gerlach apparatus is:
A. proportional to v
B. proportional to 1/v
C. zero
D. proportional to v2
E. independent of v

132. The total number of electron states with n = 2 and 𝑙 = 1 for an atom is:
A. two
B. four
C. six

34
 D. eight
E. ten

133. The possible values for the magnetic quantum number ms of an electron in an atom:

A. depend on n
B. depend on 𝑙
C. depend on both n and 𝑙
D. depend on whether there is an external magnetic field present
E. are ±1/2

134. The electron states that constitute a single shell for an atom all have:
A. the same value of n
B. the same value of 𝑙
C. the same value of n and the same value of 𝑙
D. the same value of 𝑙 and the same value of 𝑚𝑙
E. the same set of all four quantum numbers

135. An electron in an atom is in a state with principal quantum number n = 4. The possible values of the orbital
quantum number 𝑙 are:
A. 1, 2, 3
B. 1, 2, 3, 4
C. −3, −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3
D. 0, 1, 2, 3
E. 0, 1, 2
136. The reflection coefficient, R for a certain barrier tunnelling problem is 0.80. The corresponding transmission
coefficient is

A. 0.80
B. 0.60
C. 0.20
D. 0.10
35
137. An electron with energy E is incident on a potential barrier of height Epot > 𝐸 and thickness l. The
transmission coefficient

A. increases without any other changes

B. decreases exponentially with l
C. increases exponentially with l
D. decreases without any other changes

138. In order to tunnel through a potential barrier, a particle must

A. Have energy greater than the barrier height

B. Have spin
C. be massive
D. Have wavelength greater than the barrier
E. None of the above

139. Identical particles each with energy 𝐸 are incident on the following four potential energy

1 barrier height = 5E, w = 2l

2 barrier height = 10E, w = l

𝑙
3 barrier height = 17E, w = 2

𝑙
4 barrier height = 20E, w = 3

Rank the barrier in terms of probability that the particle tunnel through them from the least to the greatest
probability.

A. 1, 2, 3, 4
B. 4, 3, 2, 1
C. 1, 2 then 3 and 4
D. 2, then 1 and 3, then 4

36
140. If a wave function Ψ for a particle moving along the x-axis is normalized, then

A. ∫|𝜓|2 dt = 1

B. ∫|𝜓|2 dx = 1

𝑑𝜓
C. =1
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝜓
D. =1
𝑑𝑡

E. |ψ|2 = 1

141. An electron with energy E is incident on a potential barrier of height Epot and thickness l. The probability of
tunnelling increases if

A. l increases without any other changes

B. l remains the same
C. l decreases without any other changes
D. None of the above

142. The ground state energy of an electron in a one dimensional trap with zero potential energy in the interior and
infinite potentials at the walls

A. is zero
B. decreases with temperature
C. increases with temperature
D. independent on temperature

37
143. An electron in one dimensional trap with zero potential energy in the interior and infinite potential energy at
the walls. A graph of its wave function 𝜓(𝑥) versus x is shown.

𝜓(𝑥)

The value of quantum number, n is

A. n = 2
B. n = 3
C. n = 4
D. n =5

144. An electron in one dimensional trap with zero potential energy in the interior and infinite potential energy at
the walls. A graph of its probability density 𝑃(𝑥) versus x is shown. The value of quantum number, n is

𝑃(𝑥)

A. n = 1
B. n = 3
C. n = 2
D. n = 4

38
145. A particle is confined by finite potential energy walls in one dimension trap from x = 0 to x= 𝑙. It wave
function in the region x> 𝑙 has the form

A. 𝜓(𝑥) = 𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑘𝑥)
B. 𝜓(𝑥) = 𝐴𝑒 𝑖𝑘𝑥
C. 𝜓(𝑥) = 𝐴𝑒 𝑘𝑥
D. 𝜓(𝑥) = 0
E. 𝜓(𝑥) = 𝐴𝑒 −𝑘𝑥

146. An electron is trapped in a deep well with a width of 0.3nm. If it in the state of quantum number, n = 3, It’s

Kinetic energy is

A. 6.0 × 10−28 J
B. 1.8 × 10−27 J
C. 6.7 × 10−19 J
D. 2.0 × 10−28 J
E. 6.0 × 10−18 J

Use the information below to answer questions 147 – 148

An electron with energy, E = 6.3 eV is in free space.

147. Find the wavelength

A. 0.489 nm
B. 489 nm
C. 0.0489 nm
D. 0.00489 nm

148. Find the wave function 𝜓 of the electron, assuming B = 0

A. 𝜓(𝑥) = 𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛[1.28504 × 1010 ]𝑥

B. 𝜓(𝑥) = 𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛[2.28504 × 1010 ]𝑥
C. 𝜓(𝑥) = 𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠[1.28504 × 1010 ]𝑥
D. 𝜓(𝑥) = 𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠[2.28504 × 1010 ]𝑥

39
149. ---------- are formed when two Josephson’s junctions are connected to each other in parallel.

A. Cooper pairs
A. B.QUBITS
B. SQUIDS
C. Hyperfine states

150. Probabilities in quantum mechanics does not depend on amplitudes but rather intensities because

A. Amplitude is a complex variable

B. Amplitude is an isolated variable
C. Amplitude is a real measurable quantity
D. Amplitude has a probability density function equal’s one

151. If n=3 and l=2 and ms=1/2. How many states do we have?

A. four
B. five
C. nine
D. eighteen

Use the information below to answer questions 152-154

A hydrogen like atom has Z=4 and principal quantum number, n = 4

152. What is the energy of the n=4 state?

A. −13.6𝑒𝑉
B. −0.85𝑒𝑉
C. 13.6𝑒𝑉
D. −3.4𝑒𝑉

40
153. If an electron on this state emits a photon and gets to the next available energy level, what is the wavelength of
the photon emitted in the process?

A. 117.5nm
A. 0.117nm
B. 0.1175nm
C. 0.1745nm

154. In which part of the EM spectrum does such a wavelength fall?

A. Visible
B. Ultraviolet
C. X-rays
D. Infrared

155. What is the lowest possible energy (eV) of an electron in hydrogen if its orbital angular momentum is√𝟏𝟐 ћ?

A. −13.6𝑒𝑉
B. −0.85𝑒𝑉
C. 13.6𝑒𝑉
D. 0.00𝑒𝑉

156. What is the smallest value of the Z-component of the orbital angular momentum (in terms of ћ) for the
electron in 155 above?

A. −3ћ
B. −ћ
C. −2ћ
D. 3ћ

41
157. What is the largest values of the spin angular momentum (in terms of ћ) for the electron in 155 above?

A. 3ћ
1
B. ћ
2
1
C. − 2 ћ

D. −3ћ

158. What is the largest values of the orbital angular momentum (in terms of ћ) for an electron in the M shell of
hydrogen?

A. −3ћ
B. −ћ
C. √6 ћ
D. √3 ћ

Consider an electron in hydrogen having total energy of −0.5440 eV.

159. What is the highest value of its orbital angular momentum (in terms of ћ)?

A. 2√5 ћ
B. 2√3 ћ
C. √6 ћ
D. √15 ћ

160. Which part of the EM spectrum does it lie if this electron excites to the next higher shell?

A. Visible
B. Ultraviolet
C. X-rays
D. Infrared

42
161. When treating systems with energy less than step height E< 𝑉0. Which of these most describe the assume
solution for the particle’s transmission?

A. A . 𝜓(𝑥) = 𝐶𝑒 𝑘2 𝑥 + 𝐷𝑒 −𝑘2 𝑥
B. B. 𝜓(𝑥) = 𝐶𝑒 𝑘2 𝑥 − 𝐷𝑒 −𝑘2 𝑥
C. 𝜓(𝑥) = ∞
D. 𝜓(𝑥) = 𝐷𝑒 −𝑘2 𝑥

162. The S. I unit for angular momentum is

A. 𝐽𝑠 −1
B. 𝐽𝑠
C. Joule
D. 𝑁𝑚

163. Evaluate [𝑱𝒛 , 𝑱+ ]

A. 𝑖ћ𝐽𝑧
B. +ћ𝐽+
C. 0
A. D.−ћ𝐽+

164. Which of the following about selection rules is correct?

I. ∆𝑙 = ±1
II. ∆𝑚𝑙 = 0, ±1
III. ∆𝑙 = 1
IV. ∆𝑚𝑙 = 0,1
A. I, II only
B. II, III, IV only
C. I and III only
D. I, II, III IV

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165. Evaluate [𝐿2 , 𝐿± ]

A. 0
B. ±𝐿±
C. 𝐿±

D.−ћ𝐽+

166. Evaluate [𝐿𝑧 , 𝐿± ]

A. 0
B. ±𝐿±
C. 𝐿±

D. 2ћ𝐿𝑧

167. Evaluate [𝐿+ , 𝐿− ]

A. 0
B. ±𝐿±
C. 𝐿±
D. 2ћ𝐿𝑧

168. Evaluate [𝑱𝟐 , 𝑱𝑥 ]

A. 𝑖ћ𝐽𝑧
B. +ћ𝐽+
C. 0

D.−ћ𝐽+

169. Evaluate [𝑱𝟐 , 𝑱𝒚 ]

A. 𝑖ћ𝐽𝑧
B. +ћ𝐽+
C. 0
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 D.−ћ𝐽+

170. Evaluate [𝑱𝟐 , 𝑱𝒛 ]

A. 𝑖ћ𝐽𝑧
B. +ћ𝐽+
C. 0

D.−ћ𝐽+

PREPARED BY:

PROFESSOR FUAKYE ERIC GYABENG

−ћ2
1. ( 2𝑚 𝑣̅ 2 + 𝑣(𝑟)) 𝜓(𝑟) = 𝐸𝜓
2015/2016: BSC. PHYSICS (KNUST)
𝐵∗𝐵 (1−𝑖𝑘 ⁄𝑘 )∗ (1−𝑖𝑘 ⁄𝑘 )
2. 𝑅 = = (1+𝑖𝑘2⁄𝑘1 )∗(1+𝑖𝑘2⁄𝑘1 )
𝐴∗𝐴 2 1 2 1
For more information or concern
3. 𝐸𝑛 = (𝑛 + 1⁄2)ћ𝑤
Contact: 0207746514/0501373999/0544295511
2
𝑉
1−√1− 0⁄𝐸 𝐸
OR send mail through: 4. 𝑅 = 1 − 𝑇 = ( ) >1
𝑉 𝑉0
1+√1− 0⁄𝐸

[email protected]

SUCCESS GALORE!!!!!!!

 DON’T RELY ON THIS! LEARN!!

 DON’T RELY ON THIS! LEARN!!

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