USEFUL TABLES
Conversion Table
MULTIPLY
BY
TO OBTAIN
Acres ...................................................43,560 ...................Square feet
Acre-feet ..............................................43,560 ...................Cubic feet
Acre-feet ............................................325,851 ...................Gallons
Atmospheres ...........................................76.0 ...................Cms of mercury
Atmospheres .........................................29.92 ...................Inches of mercury
Atmospheres .........................................33.90 ...................Feet of water
Atmospheres .........................................14.70 ...................Pounds/square inch
Btu/minute .............................................12.96 ...................Foot-Pounds/second
Btu/minute .........................................0.02356 ...................Horse-power
Centimeters .........................................0.3937 ...................Inches
Centimeters of mercury .....................0.01316 ...................Atmospheres
Centimeters of mercury .......................0.4461 ...................Feet of water
Centimeters of mercury .........................27.85 ...................Pounds/square feet
Centimeters of mercury .......................0.1934 ...................Pounds/square inch
Cubic feet ...............................................1728 ...................Cubic inches
Cubic feet ..........................................0.03704 ...................Cubic yards
Cubic feet ..........................................7.48052 ...................Gallons
Cubic feet ..............................................29.92 ...................Quarts (liquid)
Cubic feet/minute ..................................472.0 ...................Cubic cms/second
Cubic feet/minute ................................0.1247 ...................Gallons/second
Cubic feet/minute ..................................62.43 ...................Pounds of water/minute
Cubic feet/second..........................0.0646317 ...................Million gallons/day
Cubic feet/second..............................448.831 ...................Gallons/minute
Cubic yards ................................................27 ...................Cubic feet
Cubic yards ...........................................202.0 ...................Gallons
Feet of water .................................... 0.02950 ...................Atmospheres
Feet of water .......................................0.8826 ...................Inches of mercury
Feet of water .........................................62.43 ...................Pounds/square feet
Feet of water .......................................0.4335 ...................Pounds/square inch
Feet/minute .......................................0.01667 ...................Feet/second
Feet/minute .......................................0.01136 ...................Miles/hour
Feet/second.........................................0.6818 ...................Miles/hour
Feet/second.......................................0.01136 ...................Miles/minute
Gallons ...................................................3785 ...................Cubic centimeters
Gallons ................................................0.1337 ...................Cubic feet
Gallons .....................................................231 ...................Cubic inches
Gallons .........................................................4 ...................Quarts (liquid)
Gallons water ......................................8.3453 ...................Pounds of water
Gallons/minute ................................0.002228 ...................Cubic feet/second
345
UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE
MULTIPLY
BY
TO OBTAIN
Gallons/minute ....................................8.0208 ...................Cubic feet/hour
Gallons water/minute...........................6.0086 ...................Tons of water/24 hours
Inches ....................................................2.540 ...................Centimeters
Inches of mercury ..............................0.03342 ...................Atmospheres
Inches of mercury ..................................1.133 ...................Feet of water
Inches of mercury ................................0.4912 ...................Pounds/square inch
Inches of water ................................0.002458 ...................Atmospheres
Inches of water ..................................0.07355 ...................Inches of mercury
Inches of water ......................................5.202 ...................Pounds/square feet
Inches of water ..................................0.03613 ...................Pounds/square inch
Liters.......................................................1000 ...................Cubic centimeters
Liters......................................................61.02 ...................Cubic inches
Liters....................................................0.2642 ...................Gallons
Miles .......................................................5280 ...................Feet
Miles/hour ...................................................88 ...................Feet/minute
Miles/hour ..............................................1.467 ...................Feet/second
Millimeters .................................................0.1 ...................Centimeters
Millimeters .........................................0.03937 ...................Inches
Million gallon/day ...............................1.54723 ...................Cubic feet/second
Pounds of water ................................0.01602 ...................Cubic feet
Pounds of water ....................................27.68 ...................Cubic inches
Pounds of water ................................. 0.1198 ...................Gallons
Pounds/cubic inch ..................................1728 ...................Pounds/cubic feet
Pounds/square foot ...........................0.01602 ...................Feet of water
Pounds/square inch...........................0.06804 ...................Atmospheres
Pounds/square inch...............................2.307 ...................Feet of water
Pounds/square inch...............................2.036 ...................Inches of mercury
Quarts (dry) ...........................................67.20 ...................Cubic inches
Quarts (liquid) ........................................57.75 ...................Cubic inches
Square feet ...............................................144 ...................Square inches
Square miles ............................................640 ...................Acres
Square yards ................................................9 ...................Square feet
Temperature (C) + 273 ...............................1 ...................Abs. temperature (C)
Temperature (C) + 17.28 .........................1.8 ...................Temperature (F)
Temperature (F) + 460................................1 ...................Abs. temperature (F)
Temperature (F) - 32................................5/9 ...................Temperature (C)
Tons (short) ............................................2000 ...................Pounds
Tons of water/24 hours........................83.333 ...................Pounds water/hour
Tons of water/24 hours......................0.16643 ...................Gallons/minute
Tons of water/24 hours........................1.3349 ...................Cubic feet/hour
346
USEFUL TABLES
AREAS AND CIRCUMFERENCE OF CIRCLES
Diameter
Inches
1/8
1/4
3/8
1/2
3/4
1
1-1/4
1-1/2
2
2-1/2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Circumference
mm
6
8
10
15
20
25
32
40
50
65
80
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
Area
Inches
mm
Inches2
0.40
0.79
1.18
1.57
2.36
3.14
3.93
4.71
6.28
7.85
9.43
12.55
15.71
18.85
21.99
25.13
28.27
31.42
10
20
30
40
60
80
100
120
160
200
240
320
400
480
560
640
720
800
0.01227
0.04909
0.11045
0.19635
0.44179
0.7854
1.2272
1.7671
3.1416
4.9087
7.0686
12.566
19.635
28.274
38.485
50.265
63.617
78.540
mm2
8.0
31.7
71.3
126.7
285.0
506.7
791.7
1140.1
2026.8
3166.9
4560.4
8107.1
12,667.7
18,241.3
24,828.9
32,428.9
41,043.1
50,670.9
EQUAL PERIPHERIES
S = 0.8862 D
S = 0.7854 D
D = 1.1284 S
D = 1.2732 S
S = 0.2821 C
S
C
EQUAL AREAS
Area of square (S') =
1.2732 x area of circle
S'
Area of square (S) =
0.6366 x area of circle
C =D = 2R
C = 3.5446 area
D
R
D = 0.3183 C = 2R
D = 1.1283 area
Area =R2 = 0.7854 D2
Area = 0.07958 C2 =D2
4
= 3.1416
347
UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE
Flow in Partly Filled (One-Half Full) Pipes
(Based on Mannings Formula with n = .012)
0.1
0.08
0.09
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.008
0.009
0.01
0.007
0.006
0.005
0.004
0.003
0.002
10,000
9,000
8,000
7,000
0.001
gpm x 6.31 = L/s
ft/sec x .305 = m/s
in. x 25.4 = mm
10,000
For 3/4 Full
Multiply Q x 1.9
V x 1.15
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
.
ec
/S
Ft.
10
.
ec
ec
t./S
7F
ec
t./S
6F
ec
t./S
5F
ec
in.
1,000
4F
15
3F
ec
t./S
1,000
900
800
700
t./S
9F
t./S
8F
2,000
t./S
12
in.
cit
lo
Ve
500
10
y=
400
Flow in Gallons per Minute
ec
600
in.
t./S
2F
.
ec
300
8 in
200
.
6 in
5 in
100
90
80
70
100
4 in
60
50
40
3 in
30
20
.
2 in
e =
e
Pip
Siz
10
SLOPE (FT./FT.)
348
0.1
0.01
0.001
10
USEFUL TABLES
Flow in Partly Filled (Full) Pipes
(Based on Mannings Formula with n = .012)
0.1
0.08
0.09
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.008
0.009
0.01
0.007
0.006
0.005
0.004
0.003
0.002
10,000
9,000
8,000
7,000
0.001
gpm x 6.31 = L/s
ft/sec x .305 = m/s
in. x 25.4 = mm
10,000
6,000
/S
Ft.
10
5,000
.
ec
t./S
9F
.
ec
.
ec
.
ec
.
ec
in.
t./S
7F
.
ec
t./S
5F
15
t./S
4F
2,000
t./S
6F
3,000
t./S
8F
4,000
ec
.
ec
t./S
3F
.
12
in.
lo
Ve
1,000
y=
cit
1,000
900
800
700
10
in.
t./S
2F
500
.
8 in
Flow in Gallons per Minute
ec
600
400
.
300
6 in
5 in
200
4 in
100
100
90
80
70
3 in
60
50
40
ize
in
= 2
S
ipe
30
P
20
10
0.1
0.01
0.001
10
SLOPE (FT./FT.)
349
UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE
METRIC SYSTEM
(INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS SI)
For the users of this Code, we are including a short explanation and some conversion tables to aid in the
conversion of our familiar English units to the forthcoming SI units.
This is written with the Code users in mind, and will detail only those measurements used in everyday work
and calculations. For the scientific units, we recommend the use of ANSI Z210.1, "Metric Practice Guide."
GENERAL COMMENTS
Our present system of measuring involves the three dimensions of force, length and time. The SI units involve
mass, length and time. The change of force to mass has meaning in scientific and engineering work, but for
practical use in ordinary construction, we will show kilogram to pounds conversion values, although an exact
conversion would be pounds force divided by the acceleration due to gravity to mass units.
In the same manner, the SI units for temperature expressed in Kelvins and based on absolute zero will be
given as degrees Celsius, which is the more familiar and practical Centigrade degrees.
The SI system measures angles in radians where there are 2 pi radians in a circle, but using a 1.5708 bend
to change from a vertical stack to a horizontal house drain is not as easy as calling out a 1/4 bend or an ell for
water piping.
The foregoing notes are intended to show that in making conversions from one unit system to another, a little
common sense must be used and the degree of accuracy needed to do the job at hand.
The following tables are set up using this approach and using the preferred SI units.
350
USEFUL TABLES
METRIC SYSTEM
(INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS SI)
TO CONVERT
INTO
MULTIPLY BY
Atmospheres
Cms of mercury
76.0
Btu
Joules
1,054.8
Btu/hour
Watts
0.2931
Btu/minute
Kilowatts
0.01757
Btu/minute
Watts
17.57
Centigrade
Fahrenheit
(C x 9/5) + 32
Circumference
Radians
6.283
Cubic centimeters
Cubic inches
0.06102
Cubic feet
Cubic meters
0.02832
Cubic feet
Liters
28.32
Cubic feet/minute
Cubic cms/second
472.0
Cubic inches
Cubic cms
16.39
Cubic inches
Liters
0.01639
Cubic meters
Gallons (U.S. liquid)
264.2
Feet
Centimeters
30.48
Feet
Meters
0.3048
Feet
Millimeters
304.8
Feet of water
Kgs/square cm
0.03048
Foot-Pounds
Joules
1.356
Foot-pounds/minute
Kilowatts
Foot-pounds/second
Kilowatts
2.260 x10-5
1.356 x10-3
Gallons
Liters
3.785
Horsepower
Watts
745.7
Horsepower-hours
Joules
2.684 x106
Horsepower-hours
Kilowatt-hours
0.7457
Joules
Btu
9.480 x 10-4
Joules
Foot-pounds
0.7376
Joules
Watt-hours
2.778 x 10-4
Kilograms
Pounds
2.205
Kilograms
Tons (short)
1.102 x 10-3
Kilometers
Miles
0.6214
Kilometers/hour
Miles/hour
0.6214
Kilowatts
Horsepower
1.341
Kilowatt-hours
Btu
3,413
Kilowatt-hours
Foot-pounds
Kilowatt-hours
Joules
2.655 x 106
3.6 x 106
Liters
Cubic feet
0.03531
351
UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE
METRIC SYSTEM
(INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS SI)
(Continued)
TO CONVERT
INTO
MULTIPLY BY
Liters
Gallons (U.S. liquid)
0.2642
Meters
Feet
3.281
Meters
Inches
39.37
Meters
Yards
1.094
Meters/second
Feet/second
3.281
Meters/second
Miles/hr
2.237
Miles (statute)
Kilometers
1.609
Miles/hour
Meters/minute
26.82
Millimeters
Inches
0.03937
Ounces (fluid)
Liters
0.02957
Pints (liquid)
Cubic centimeters
473.2
Pounds
Kilograms
0.4536
PSI
Pascals
6,895
Quarts (liquid)
Liters
0.9463
Radians
Degrees
57.30
Square inches
Square millimeters
645.2
Square meters
Square inches
1,550
Square millimeters
Square inches
1.550 x 10-3
Watts
Btu/hour
3.4129
Watts
Btu/minute
0.05688
Watts
Foot-pounds/second
0.7378
Watts
Horsepower
1.341 x 10-3
When the plumbing industry, including plumbers, suppliers and manufacturers, actually begins the metric
conversion program, it will undoubtedly follow the guidelines of committees selected from all phases of the
construction industry as set up under the American National Metric Council.
The final preferred units used will be those that apply to our industry and will be of the magnitude to simplify
and ease job calculations and avoid confusion and ambiguity.
The conversion looks complex and confusing, but when the metric system was first proposed in France, an
attempt was made to include a ten hour day, a ten day week and ten months to the year, but cooler heads
prevailed and our time still follows the sun and seasons. Likewise, assigning new units or numbers to the
quantities we must work with cannot change the basic hydraulic principles that plumbers have worked with
throughout history.
Information on conversion factors is provided by ANSI, the American National Metric Council, and the
Division of Designatronics, Inc.
352
