Greerfteca? bee] - fusignynent [exc —ayptematic_( 3.4) 6,3) Jin de. th [posits sm eee) —given—byy tb) 4 (0) —aeapectively, —__ oo _ to 1] Peo tee i [ee 18 19 [t_1_of Poe ti» 4 cB) o 1 1 S a () Sind all the pewible valid cade” vectors (8) Drow the _cevrespendi eyneedt ee (co) A aingle exe hos ed _in each sf this receive vectow. Detect and _caryect these _ev16"s Ba? [110010] Pu = [10100 00} Pee*forti1 0) ‘of i i tt. @) Draw £ p= 1 oO I o I 1 ft of (6,3) = (nk) =? 26 § k=3 [000,001,. «- us] (aX) = a* = 8 7 (c] = (ola) (4) = [t}P) , — identity media (6) = Fi oo 104 fo 1! 0 © 1a 039.0. 1_o}Too -[oortto] on 2 o 10° wij tI, =fo. riot}. | oa Pet = eer e vere nae ce es ee Z (de Name Mag veclon fo} 000 | 200000 fb 7 001 SOi)10 Ce 810 loolee) - OE nw T a : | a Cito | 100 _lootot | lol lolort | 110 llolto | wt Lileoo [10 | Gonsespending Encoding cfreutt 7 [ar as d3 (ditas) (dards) (dit dad] +— _ ; — ———<,- & — Commutotey Cy __—_} ——c, i a : Fi r | re 1] 4 (©) Pa =[itoo 10]. z[! 2 U ~ ir [° tl 7 P =lo at 4 Lit od | ; (ols [rf ta] ape | , a c az Ie 1#0: = fetes | 0 v1) 1-0 b-0 My | bot 0 10-0 I]CSF peition itt [rreeie] = [110110 (®) Syndreme Calculation ciscuit let R Lb, ty 6 re] beT S = wer os = [ty % xy 5 Ye) | O14 = [Gr fe Crt at %5) Cyargt reey pare) _ See Ys | %y | ¥, |v, | L T pi 1 G4) => (v,%) => nea § key ! (osoostle. sn] © = (ei) ¢ £44 = Oi t pF = I ° oO ° 1 1 1 y ° 1 ° fo} ' 1 ° 7 ° ° 1 ol oO I oO oO ° ' ° 1 ! fey = [a 4, oy i weve yl a hed 41} 9 1 © O Tt 1 0 * eo 0 1 ot oO 1 Lo o ot eo 1 I Gedy dy (site dy) (dyrde ty) (oe dat eed] da dy ° o oT :Code vector ; 900000 ee CG e001 ~0o10lt LOOl tog C co1o | coloros | cq | oor | sortie P Ce Oloo D100 110 HOCoo) a _ xen Clot | o1onte)} +Heterg — f9_ O11 olooll 1Ueipo | : Gt Olt o1looo uy | | The enceding -d;_¢ cixeuit which vequixes oO He |_ 3 medule - 3 addew and a 7 Cainer) (ayrdatee) Coir ayaa] it shift ve neg. ment. commutater. Posity check motata_ (a7 = rt_ ee Given R= [roroooo] T + 1 ° +t o ° 7 7 7 Rye [rococo olf, ra * ‘ 1 a Lo ot 14 a fo 1 | 6 © 0 i dave ae efter 1 ii) = foo) F (o 0 oJ = [coovero] pm : : c= Ry te, = [to1ocoe] + [ocovoro] i ¢ =[to10010J a a a Given Roa = Lotto] — 1 fi rt a 2 “| = PR,H = forrttro rt oj]? a 3 ba [ i: ta — ot =, | 1.0 0 _ o 10 s Sa - aaa Thx ——}— =f pratt} = [1 1 oJ F [0 09) — <_<Ss = [ora (44% 4 wt Ye) (at sy¢ tut) | Fast _ Syndrome Caleulotion Greuit —@_| tora _[s,1,2) convdutional code with _« and gale tt —(a)|| Construct the black dfagiam ¢ er (b) fa toni ae T (ey ttt ne cexepending te information septs C101) using time domain % trans}en demain_appreath— lenis| eel Given (0, k,™) = G, ' a) __ ns number meduto-9 adder x) outputs = _ tk = Number a inputs = ) —— —fipfleps = 2 __@ “Top pdder ! t a | TH Tnpatt pe re} ft ae ' rt — Theat FF]—~ gia oa ~ { Adder pa YY Bottom adden Convolution Encoder @) | For tep adder 9 = [gr ga? gf? J = (9) F 4 — middle exden Pe rs a g? 92] = Cred Betton orden ges C2 oo) paaES (i) Generation motrix [4] the od Lxn(erm) i cs, yous = LF 5 Vena columns = 1 (Lim) 3(5+.2) = 3(a) = al columns fq 37 rae By ty oo eet Gg 98 95.98 teresa Gg a0 0 tS 45 (3)ou Tit tol 7 “900 000 iit tol Ott O00 00d : reso 00. -o0"stt_ «TOT —-OTL_000 [ c00 000 ooo coo Wt 101 onl] | (eJ= [111 ofe 001 110 100 401 on] Transform demain oppreact PUD = did Ge) gyn $8, 3 The output _pelynomi a c_eutput polynomial fox the three adders one gine Tep_odder j=): (x) = dix) 4? Ux)ru tooo PAGE No. DATE} eas 7 Ux) = (14 x4 xt x") ex) : 7 ata aed ; x4 x°+ x3 nt x® CU) = 4 Pt xt x8 Middle adden(j= a): Cx) = duo 90) elit xtx?t x") Cit) > CEO) = beg Pe xt Pt Pe xt xh = txt xit x Bottom adden (j+3): ¢°(x) = dix) g (x) Flext ed x) (it x a) Sete te ttt te Oe x4 8d xt XE Col) = ta xt PH xe The eutput the encaden is afve cls = (OMe x COM + CFO) ev = 3 el) = cle) xP (e+ 2 U2) Clix) = ptt at xe x8 => C108) = texts xP a x? lx) = texte xe => C(x?) = pt x24 xt4 x? = Is 1s (x) = pt x4 St xo =? c?( x?) = 14 Pt xP4 x Le (x)= 14 xt+ x! “na *e x (axe x84 x8)4 28 Ut xf! +x a et xt4 x” Pe xaxttx®s x! te tents x2 ea Ly cle) 2 ex whe xt xP a xt xi xls x! S4 xx x! The eutp at sf the encaden is = [111 010 ool 110 100 jor oll]Comsiden the__convelut fen Tht aystemodic— (a) |Draw the _stote faq am (6) || Draw the cede _tree — (© || Sind the _eutlpet_pre duced by_message Sd: || Given (21,19 Conveludieral encoder im 1 eee . 4 State table: Srnee theve fs only ene fp -fler soe have aj i - || _enly the _ataten Let the tee states be represented by S20 and $71 2 2 = - _ o \t ea Sigh tronsition table: 7 alate toe _ ee La The output q the encoder an A i i ] . ve given buyEe* mal - DE in —— |] state Tronsition table: —— | 7 " fH Precent {Binoy “Trpat | Next Binong 3 — atode igtion state | dexription & eet ——T 7 ° 8, ° oo aa So 1 <1Si ! eo are ; ° So ° Qrtimobseil — | : 1 S, 1 [hire] + ——F - State diagram ; 1) aE atl en ~< Le — Ge} Sid Tilo) aes ott Code tree: en mnemeoge s toitlExam ple. santo Homming eight t Hemming height. ea code _vestor py __ @ Explain “the fete sin “with (ad men =3e78- AA 7 \ defined as ‘the number c= oofoollo , then hamming. eight = 3. a feiteen distance "Hamm “distance beliseen any suse code Mtalgy os Cand Cy ia_defined ea ieee bohich they. differ. - — — Ex: Let oofowwo if EL OONIO mele [the tnde_vestors _¢, ancl_% differ Se tad, “uth andl positions, Theselore , the hermming —distem.ce__hetiaeer cy cine G E i. aid tp be 4. Se 2 _ (©) | Minimum distance (dnin)t Mininnun distance oa_the smallest -Heraming distance betiseen mys tise cae | ||_vectoxs in accede a ae —6 foaiga cm k ing cad bith dmin = 3 and menage _ Jeng th ef 4 bits. ela Cee Sd: Ginen Se kee ey a thd _-4 ‘cade tength— ae ns ee nat (3) to_satialy it Such_a_code s__codted (3,4) Hamming. _cede, Shen a a given by [sf —q Ee] a | fa panty mettaix (@] which hoo 4 snsa_and columns to be hoesen. ‘The pes ae eee — an |_(p}_matsix are: | 47 should net__centain a_x93_ef ola oa tht cvepsenerts = | the — sundyeme a me ve oe xe alae pome, i@, olf the A ves gq _' oust __be tad — 7 > n-k gtd = gis el bined P ____|| Shene one totally 8 ae) orm bin Lora_of Sita || number Now het sas —chaahe—a. parity sradnix 1 (PJ = 1 Oo 1 1 1 0 ete 104 TE a) 4 + 100 oo! oe ad rr 7 . 1 The__porttay check _mataix —H alse collec! tammfng_met aia given bep o1rrstool _ _ q d H= {tb ortoto.o By comparing we ge rr ole ol] din = 3 The genexochor matrix (4) i» given by = (y= Cm fe — [roootord 1 ee Nl (4) oO 1 6 0. ek O21 OO seDahe tet 0: _| _ om Orie tASe various _code_veetow con. be frond using [ sapien eats (143 teeo aes ‘esomple tet D= [1910 7 L- me (ch. = Tees Simidorty the xemoining 2" > a'= 16 _pessible code vecten —Ptom be Yound end in tinted inthe table de c tq veclor(D) | Cadevection (C) | 0000 _| oecceon0 food | lovooll |i econ, oooliidt | -toot Jooi1oo | oo10 | Oololio | lolo to1o sot | OO11 Oolrool | toil loi1ol1o 0100 oloclo 1 1100 oollo lol O1ojo10 {tot LO1001 Ollo | viedo iy tito LL0000 Loi Olio 90 “ iit) Liritit — arta aes aT ae cone ett —copability af thia cade ts t= | (a, 9) Mammy sade, a8_ nme —ia_a see code _—_—— Let the recefved vector wit gz fumec Shen _Symdyerne _S = RBT -| — — | ° a : pence _E = [001 0000] cf Rte 7 put = (titroci) + [oc1oooo) 7 (cJ =frrotocor) @_| Construct the standard orsoy ex (6,3) cede _and (ay) Jineon black cade ond _constaust the | co m| cevrvectin cixcuit fer th ayy) Ube s oat { Syncvome feaden = fesse Pee ey 000 900000 | 901110 o1ool1 | O10 1 | toot [toloty | Lote | tHtoce to} 10.0000 |1oipolWo0 Lt} 11110 1} ooo1o1 ooo OLo Nolo Looe! Olt O10000| ONY Oooo! |oouol| Mora} LOL 190 110 | 101000. _ 110. 0 Loooec0l0/Olloll CLorol} toro |toooll| Ltr 1 La00¢ loo onl 001001010] O10 OLLo0 || 10000} | tolboy {10010} 00 | O10 000010 | 001g) 01000) }0 11111 | Loot) to1oo I Wolo 11010 OoL Oooo || gor} 010010 OLLLOo too100| 10 Lolo} WOILL {111081 Ht Jo oor oltonoo| toool Lirrtlooorsooioo) 10.1000} 011010 See eeceatenoeeagietaen eth eesole |_—_____L- | - | —T 7 con006 |boo10M | O11 Ol | OOO | OLO01LO ,OLOHOL | s-.L yn, j | | | oco0ce|j{oololl | ololol | lOO HEoLLO_\LoLtoL | I 110 |olod000 O1o1al} | OL, 0101 OL O | eet | 101 | 00100001 co1to11 | eooo101} o0011 10 | OLL0110 OIL Oj OL | Qo01000 oo00011 JOVILL01 | OO1ONO | O1 01110 LO1O10}|+ Liou) too | 0000 toal poati11 |ooiooo! LoniioLo | 0100010010101)... 4am O1.0_ 0000010! dopo! |Oa1oLIt | O 11.00 | Cloo160_olo1tu | 001 | d000001 Inomoro lootdi00 Joortttt lotoait io1olroo Standard age fer (4) cede : ae Srom this table the ener bits corresponding te_the co-aet _fleader__can__be _expaessed —in_teana_ef_ayndaeme bits Ax given Sei belpiay cs Shree ee ee ee @, = S Sa $5 &s = SS, 83 e, = 3538; cig 8, By Sy €q = 3, 5,53 he 5 Stag hi Atle ey | RK rralReceived veclor Buller Register x, % op Exvex Pottern Detecting Civeuit os _ a) a oa i % ™ QD BG) GY Gena desing —— ¢ ci lon ctrosid (yt) WEeg f Aer gxample the _ Aundsome are —, 8385) = [Opt rg9 9495) "Cop tot et te) Gy “town | 7 Abit ahift register __ {oti J Hours Rectey tow vector thous] __— Jinnou| ne ia —— @_|| Prove Ct Considen the = tex dlement py | _ Py | rs Oo [Rap element 5 = - [ts : ak = Py thy = PjUty = Plo) q gij! 20 —* Uhia eq” is tie for every sale : i_and j ond hence in matrix form be have (6) f+" = © : : Pre Muttiptying [0] beth siden ne get —— 7 (a}CaChs” = (2)CoJ iz But_c = (2) (q) es ceycuy" =O ; soos ~[eaT=3 fence the prog. nies hesJ ___-90= 14-414 “ACIS, 5s) Linco oe code hes, a o (x) =F Me xt (a) iz Aran the block -diagrena 4 an seed adapts, “coleulation for this “code. || sind See 4px the _ ena plynnnil a eatin -pelymonal j b xSP 4 > 2p —pptemallic_fermn | the generat ©. x) = lt gl 2 V(x) = it xt oS + x2! x!" a code psiyaanit. =. y i fiby ola ee dyn neo! 4 J xtc att xp xP x'9 - = coetticie La | nts are given “Ay A soe es got gs=0, qual, qs* q 93 1 9q 20) 90+ Hence _the cineuit weqpiive 10. fippor teins 6 medulo -2 addonsPT 2TH Bey (b) || For a message input gf OC) = 14 xe+ xt — 1010) — the contents ahift register with every bgt ty isted a» belo. ae Ry Py Re Q 0 O_O 1 ot t 0 = LvO iy ~ i roe ¢ Lot ooo | knowing the. coeffi cients ef genvioter _palymomiial, the aynctne Coleulater civeuit is shemn belles 4 mane [eve-] no ‘ ied ; Syodrome Coleulater py (15,5) cyclic code “Epis co |Ls LZ} v0 a cede pelynemioll, then ‘t_ahoutd be poy — divisible by the ge lyn 4 the vemoinden i net gore, Ne con cenchuce that the ——~ 2"iven polynomial Ls net 0. cnde — | is. eet os__belon. = : a 1, La oct lt ob + 084 ott x74 2? 70 aster : op oe xt x84 x8 oct y 234 x 4 7 eee ee xy zien = “The _remoinden _palyromtat R(x) je a omy pen | Hence_the_g en__pelipnemi ol ts _ ret ea, lL cade ia ayrnmetric. Ta is | ee Corstxucl the _ tanvelutional_encader _ahown in: gee. g | Quon the” state “diagram (! 9 i)|| Dron the cece tree _ Jind the enced en output _preduced by the message. te WON Mepicesveste aa aed SE ei _the a Bittern adder e (ah? 18) Conyelulfonal Encod enThere ane = fiip}lops inthe abit segiatey fe [hence “thae axe 2° 4 states. Let the stodea be 8). | Sa_ond $, _vepresented as hoon In belos table State So | $, [Sa _|$ = — 7 ta eee Binaay | oo Lio Jor | u deseviption J es _|| State Transition table: i = “| top ba oy " _ Bettorn = 7 spaleg EI Sede olen) age eae th From the abeve figure , the audputa A) then mmedulo-2 d? and _c® con be repreaented — _addex [Tap ond bettem adden) 7 os oulput sequence by = = yt dys t dyag - fer top adden ~ Os dat dy = 4px betttam aclefen Present _| Binary Typut | Next Alote | description stole S| 00 o | % : L ! SGreen boot? Ee ] ner eo | 1 oe [ 1 1 oO ° I | sear a se tz cel eee eat a jy oo | Oo 4 jy jf o 1 4 ron ps a os a a a ee forien ) ee _0(00) Sr 1(10) o(t) {Sa} 0(01) | Code Tree: ‘The tate diagram can be ae i dvent cea a code tree s > Stont with _atote So Ber Ruler ? put = 0 move up the —_tsee __________— =D il ats =|__-meve don the d_tree. | Verttcat Sine “—>" moves to node. horizontal Sing “+0 branch! — Jor. every tranaition Cones pending to i bit, the stertes | axe seprrsented o> — vertical Lines_(modes) anc corresponding _ witoct Sines (branch) “bit ane _paitten ox he 4 givenfd) = 10111 2 tos nny s — 4 Sp nts 5, > Sa te SP Sa Sa? SG So ie as q s : Lo ol ul -}+—__||_ cade tength 12 (ttm) = 9(542) = 14 bits eecu EBS ESEaaeeS 3 additio be vith axsime c]_= (11 10 00 o1 10 oF uw) — [PAGE No. DATE) to gl he complete code, 2008 _to_che on thi - 7 yj —_ 10 og 1 oto al uu — q % > 8 > Ss 7 SP Ss Ss ae Sa PS = 4 = $ I st $ + ' ° a t 1 _o © discard Saat Deeeded bit tm [ro] “eo big Decoding epercdten 18 done be(u110 00 oF 40 |Time demain oppreach. + Fox top adden ® 7]. + for _bettom acter: J g enocttor_matate_ef the oden Lxfn (erm) a L= mea bits In menage Sequence = 5 oe x(n(c+m) = 6 x(a(5ta)] = 5 x jy & 4 + ens calumns — G = 11 10 U 06 ©0 00 00 : oo tl 10 tl 00 00 00 00 00 fl 10 tI! 00 00 : oo oo 00 tl 10 U 00 00 09 00 oo Ut 10. wy The 6 oct i [10 Ut 00 00 06 o0|— (¢) = (2) C4] = [ ott} ] oo t to U 00 66 0 oo oo 1 to UV oo OP 00 09 00 tl 10 It OO} [00 00 00 Oo II 10 Wj— C211 10 00 of 10 of WW) \