Anual UNI Práctica dirigida de Filosofía

SEMANA

09
INGLÉS
ANUAL UNI
Present Perfect II
Form
Simple Past Present Perfect Simple

irregular verbs: see 2nd column of irregular verbs irregular verbs: form of ‘have’ + 3rd column of
irregular verbs
Example:
Example:
I spoke
I / you / we / they have spoken
he / she / it has spoken

regular verbs: infinitive + ed regular verbs: form of ‘have’ + infinitive + ed

Example: Example:

I worked I / you / we / they have worked

he / she / it has worked

Exceptions
Exceptions when adding ‘ed’:
• when the final letter is e, only add d
Example:
love - loved

• after a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled

Example:
admit - admitted

• final l is always doubled in British English (not in American English)

Example:
travel - travelled

• after a consonant, final y becomes i (but: not after a vowel)

Example:
worry - worried
but: play - played

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Use
In British English, the use of Simple Past and Present Perfect is quite strict. As soon as a time expression in
the past is given, you have to use Simple Past. If there are no signal words, you must decide if we just talk
about an action in the past or if its consequence in the present is important.

Note that the following explanations and exercises refer to British English only. In American English, you
can normally use Simple Past instead of Present Perfect. We cannot accept this in our exercises, however,
as this would lead to confusions amongst those who have to learn the differences.

Certain time in the past or just / already / yet?

Do you want to express that an action happened at a certain time in the past (even if it was just a few se-
conds ago) or that an action has just / already / not yet happened?
Simple Past Present Perfect Simple

certain time in the past

just / already / not yet
Example:
Example:
I phoned Mary 2 minutes ago.
I have just phoned Mary.

Certain event in the past or how often so far?

Do you want to express when a certain action took place or whether / how often an action has happened
till now?
Simple Past Present Perfect Simple

certain event in the past whether / how often till now

Example:
Example: Have you ever been to Canada? / I have been to
He went to Canada last summer. Canada twice.

Emphasis on action or result?

Do you just want to express what happened in the past? Or do you want to emphasize the result (a past
action’s consequence in the present)?
Simple Past Present Perfect Simple

Emphasis on result
Emphasis on action
Example:
Example:
I have bought a new bike. (With this sentence I ac-
I bought a new bike. (just telling what I did in the
tually want to express that I have a new bike now.)
past.)

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Signal Words
Simple Past Present Perfect Simple

• just
• yesterday • already
• ... ago • up to now
• in 1990 • until now / till now
• the other day • ever
• last ... • (not) yet
• so far
• lately / recently

What’s the difference? Present Perfect and Past Simple

Present Perfect Past Simple

Unfinished actions that started in the past and con- Finished actions:
tinue to the present:
• I knew Julie for ten years (but then she moved
• I’ve known Julie for ten years (and I still know away and we lost touch).
her).
A finished action in someone’s life (when the per- A finished action in someone’s life (when the per-
son is still alive: life experience): son is dead):

• My brother has been to Mexico three times. • My great-grandmother went to Mexico three
times.
A finished action with a result in the present: A finished action with no result in the present:

• I’ve lost my keys! (The result is that I can’t get • I lost my keys yesterday. It was terrible! (Now
into my house now). there is no result. I got new keys yesterday).
With an unfinished time word (this week, this With a finished time word (last week, last month,
month, today): yesterday):

• I’ve seen John this week. • I saw John last week.

Remember:

1. We use the past simple for past events or actions which have no connection to the present.
2. We use the present perfect for actions which started in the past and are still happening now OR for
finished actions which have a connection to the present.
3. We CAN’T use the present perfect with a finished time word.

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Exercises 7. I ______________ a cake. It’s in the kitchen if

you’d like a piece.
1. I _____________ here since I left school.
A) have made
A) working B) made
B) am work C) am made
C) did worked D) making
D) worked E) am make
E) have worked
8. Where ______________ this morning? I tried to
2. A: How long ______________ in London? call you but your phone was off.
B: For two years. From 2000 - 2002.
A) have you been
A) did you live B) were you
B) have you lived C) you were
C) you live
D) you been
D) do you living
E) you have been
E) are you live

3. I _______________ to Australia when I was a 9. _________________ lunch yet? We’re going to

student. the canteen if you’d like to join us.

A) am go A) Did you have

B) went B) Do you have
C) am going C) Are you having
D) have been D) Have you had
E) going
E) Have you have
4. Oh no! I ____________ my phone. Have you
seen it anywhere? 10. We _______________ twenty years ago.

A) lost A) am married
B) losing B) have married
C) am lost C) got married
D) have lost D) was marry
E) lose
E) getting married
5. I _____________ running twice this week.
11. I’ve been to Europe once. It __________ in 1995.
A) have gone
B) went A) is B) has be C) were
C) have been D) has been E) was
D) am going
E) have go
12. There ______________ an accident in the town
6. A: __________________ to Australia? center and the road is closed to traffic.
B: No, never.
A) was
A) Did you ever go
B) has been
B) Did you went
C) will be
C) Have you went
D) Have you ever be D) were
E) Have you ever been E) has be

01- E 03- B 05- C 07- A 09- D 11- E

4 02- A 04- D 06- E 08- B 10- C 12- B