Bangladesh University of Business and Technology
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering
Project Report
On
Isometric, Orthographic and sectional views and details of solar
panel setup.
Submitted by
1 Riaz Hossain 19201208023 28th Intake
2 Touhidul Islam 19201208017 28th Intake
3 Proname Saha Bristy 19201208010 28th Intake
4 Sohel Mia 19201208030 28th Intake
5 Mahmudol Hassan 19201208004 28th Intake
Submitted to
Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman Khan
Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering
Department of Textile Engineering, BUBT
December 2, 2022
Dedicated to
Our Parents
and
Honorable Teacher
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We are highly thankful to THE ALMIGHTY, who has given us the courage and wisdom
throughout this whole journey. We express our gratitude and sincere thanks to our teacher
Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman Khan, Department of Textile Engineering for his gracious
efforts and keen pursuit, which has remained as a valuable asset for the successful of our project
report. His dynamism and diligent enthusiasm have been highly instrumental in keeping our spirits
high.
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Table of Content
CHAPTER 1 .................................................................................................................................................... 1
INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Description ............................................................................................................................................. 1
CHAPTER 2 .................................................................................................................................................... 2
BACKGROUND ......................................................................................................................................... 2
2.1 Isometric View ....................................................................................................................................... 2
2.2 Orthographic View ............................................................................................................................... 3
2.3 Sectional View ....................................................................................................................................... 3
CHAPTER 3 .................................................................................................................................................... 3
MOTIVATION ........................................................................................................................................... 3
3.1 Importance of Engineering Drawing................................................................................................. 3
3.2 Importance of Engineering Drawing for EEE Engineer .................................................................. 4
3.3 Reasons for selecting Solar panel ....................................................................................................... 4
3.4 Objectives............................................................................................................................................... 4
CHAPTER 4 .................................................................................................................................................... 5
LITERATURE REVIEW .......................................................................................................................... 5
CHAPTER 5 .................................................................................................................................................... 6
5.1 Required Tools ...................................................................................................................................... 6
5.2 Isometric View ....................................................................................................................................... 6
5.3 Orthographic View ............................................................................................................................... 6
5.4 Sectional View ....................................................................................................................................... 6
CHAPTER 6 .................................................................................................................................................... 7
DRAWING .................................................................................................................................................. 7
6.1 Isometric View ....................................................................................................................................... 7
6.2 Orthographic Views .............................................................................................................................. 8
6.3 Sectional Views ...................................................................................................................................... 8
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CHAPTER 7 .................................................................................................................................................... 9
DISCUSSION .............................................................................................................................................. 9
CHAPTER 8 .................................................................................................................................................... 9
CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................................... 9
REFERENCE .................................................................................................................................................. 10
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ABSTRACT
It is mandatory in Bangladesh to install solar panel on the rooftop of a newly build apartment or
factory in order to get utility connection from the service provider. The most cost-effective and
efficient way of producing energy using solar panel is to connect the panels to the utility grid
through Grid Tie Inverter (GTI). GTI is one of the most important components of the grid tie solar
system that basically converts dc power from the solar panel into ac power; synchronizing the
phase, frequency and voltage of the utility grid. Renewable energy is gaining much global attention
due to the recent energy demand scenario. Solar energy being the major contributor for this has
lots of investigations going on to improve the efficiency of the solar panels. We are draw here
solar panel Isometric, Orthographic, Sectional views. And we discuss here three types of views of
Solar panel setup.
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Description
An engineering drawing is a type of technical drawing that is used to convey information about an
object. A common use is to specify the geometry necessary for the construction of a component
and is called a detail drawing. [1]
Engineering drawings provide the complete information of a component on its designing aspects.
This will be very useful for the engineers to understand the components properly. Drawing gives
perfect design on paper with proper dimensions. [2]
We choose solar panel because of we get Renewable Energy from here. At the present time solar
panel is most important for produce energy in power sector. This is less costly, environment
friendly. Renewable energy has brought a great evolution in the power sector in the present time
behind which solar panel is playing a very important role.
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CHAPTER 2
BACKGROUND
A number of drawings are necessary to completely specify even a simple component. The
drawings are linked together by a master drawing or assembly drawing which gives the drawing
numbers of the subsequent detailed components, quantities required, construction materials and
possibly 3D images that can be used to locate individual items. The process of producing
engineering drawings is often referred to as technical drawing or drafting. Drawings basically
contain multiple views of a component, although additional scratch views may be added of details
for further explanation. Only the information that is a requirement is typically specified. Key
information such as dimensions is usually only specified in one place on a drawing, avoiding
redundancy and the possibility of inconsistency. Suitable tolerances are given for critical
dimensions to allow the component to be manufactured and function. More detailed production
drawings may be produced based on the information given in an engineering drawing.
Technical drawing has existed since ancient times. Complex technical drawings were made in
renaissance times, such as the drawings of Leonardo da Vinci. Modern engineering drawing, with
its precise conventions of orthographic projection and scale, arose in France at a time when the
Industrial Revolution was in its infancy. L. T. C. Rolt's biography of Isambard Kingdom Brunel
says of his father, Marc Isambard Brunel, that "It seems fairly certain that Marc's drawings of his
block-making machinery (in 1799) made a contribution to British engineering technique much
greater than the machines they represented. For it is safe to assume that he had mastered the art of
presenting three-dimensional objects in a two-dimensional plane which we now call mechanical
drawing. It had been evolved by Gaspard Monge of Mezieres in 1765 but had remained a military
secret until 1794 and was therefore unknown in England. [1]
We learn 3 types of Engineering drawing:
2.1 Isometric View
The isometric projection is the basis for a three-dimensional engineering sketch. The three axes of
the isometric drawing form 120° angles with each other. Isometric grids are a convenient aid in
sketching isometric drawings with both straight edges and circular features.
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2.2 Orthographic View
Orthographic drawings are commonly used in engineering because they contain multi-view
images. In an orthographic drawing, the object appears to be placed inside a “glass box” with each
face of the object projected onto its side of the box. Only three views (front, top, and right side)
are needed to convey the geometric data of the object.
2.3 Sectional View
A sectional view represents the part of an object remaining after a portion is assumed to have been
cut and removed. The exposed cut surface is then indicated by section lines. Hidden features
behind the cutting plane are omitted, unless required for dimensioning or for definition of the
part. [4]
CHAPTER 3
MOTIVATION
3.1 Importance of Engineering Drawing
The purpose of engineering drawings is to document and communicate the work created by
engineers and designers. The drawings show all technical aspects and details of a design, machine,
structure or other engineering project, so that knowledgeable people can build it or understand its
function. To understand a technical drawing, you need knowledge of exactly what the drawing
represents. Even if you are not an engineer, you need to know about structural steel construction,
mechanical design, electrical components or other relevant technical details. There are many
different types of drawing for various purposes, such as detail, assembly, general arrangement,
layout, installation, schematic, wiring and more. [4]
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3.2 Importance of Engineering Drawing for EEE Engineer
The ability to read and understand information contained on drawings is essential to perform most
engineering-related jobs. Engineering drawings are the industry is means of communicating
detailed and accurate information on how to fabricate, assemble, troubleshoot, repair, and operate
a piece of equipment or a system. [5]
3.3 Reasons for selecting Solar panel
Solar energy is the most abundant of all energy resources and can even be harnessed in cloudy
weather. The rate at which solar energy is intercepted by the Earth is about 10,000 times greater
than the rate at which humankind consumes energy. Solar technologies can deliver heat, cooling,
natural lighting, electricity, and fuels for a host of applications. Solar technologies convert sunlight
into electrical energy either through photovoltaic panels or through mirrors that concentrate solar
radiation. Although not all countries are equally endowed with solar energy, a significant
contribution to the energy mix from direct solar energy is possible for every country. The cost of
manufacturing solar panels has plummeted dramatically in the last decade, making them not only
affordable but often the cheapest form of electricity. Solar panels have a lifespan of roughly 30
years, and come in variety of shades depending on the type of material used in manufacturing [6] .
Renewable energy has brought a great evolution in the power sector in the present time behind
which solar panel is playing a very important role. That’s why we choose solar panel setup project.
3.4 Objectives
1. To draw the Isometric views of solar panel setup.
2. To draw the Orthographic views of solar panel setup.
3. To draw the Sectional views of solar panel setup.
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CHAPTER 4
LITERATURE REVIEW
In an urban area, the roof is the only available surface that can be utilized for installing solar
Photovoltaics (PV), and the active surface area depends on the type of roof. Shadows on a solar
panel can be caused by nearby tall buildings, construction materials such as water tanks, or the
roof configuration itself [8] . The position of the panels installed on the roof of the building is based
on an angle of 90 degrees with a position of ±255m. The advantages obtained when placed on the
roof of the building are due to the minimum impact of shadow effects and environmental
disturbances. Data retrieval using DC current and voltage sensors is then connected to the arduino
Uno microcontroller which is then interfaced in graphic form. The effects of panel chord length,
tilt angle, panel location, panel spacing, and parapet height were examined. Moreover, the
interference effects of arrayed panels were assessed by comparison with their isolated counterparts
[9]
. The efficient use of solar energy is an essential path which can deal with electricity crises.
Even it has some problems, like aggregation of dirt and dust on the surface of the solar PV panel
decreases the quantity of sunlight to penetrate and reach the solar cells, thereby shrinking the
efficiency of PV panel. There are various techniques like manual cleaning, vacuum cleaning,
electrostatic precipitator cleaning etc. With this cleaning mechanism, there can be an increase in
the efficiency of the panel to about 15–20% [10] .
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CHAPTER 5
METHODOLOGY
5.1 Required Tools
We have used some tools to draw the image:
1. Pencil
2. Erasure
3. Pencil cutter
4. T-scale
5. Set squares
6. Drawing board
7. Drawing tape
8. Drawing paper
5.2 Isometric View
We first took the isometric picture of the solar panel. Which we can also call 3D image. We have
shown the solar panel setup on a wooden board whose length, width and height are 120mm,
100mm, 15mm respectively. We have placed a circuit on the board whose length, width, height
are 30mm, 60mm, 10mm respectively. From above the board we mounted the solar panel with the
help of a stand. The height of the stand is 85mm. And length, width, height of solar panel are
90mm, 45mm, 10mm respectively.
5.3 Orthographic View
In orthographic view we basically show three views, Front view, Right side view and Top view.
We keep the dimensions of these three views the same as the isometric view. We basically show
what a 3D image looks like when viewed from three sides.
5.4 Sectional View
In sectional view we show two views, top view and front sectional view. We basically use these
views to see what's inside an object. The top view shows how we cut the object through the cutting
plane line. Cutting plane line size rule 20mm line, 2mm gap, 4mm line, 2mm gap, 4mm line. And
in the front sectional view, after cutting the material, I have chosen how it will look from the front.
The size of these views is the same orthographic view.
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CHAPTER 6
DRAWING
6.1 Isometric View
Figure 6.1: Isometric view
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6.2 Orthographic Views
Figure 6.2: Orthographic views
6.3 Sectional Views
Figure 6.3: Sectional views
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CHAPTER 7
DISCUSSION
We have drawn three types of picture here. Isometric view, orthographic view and sectional view.
We encountered some problems while drawing these pictures. When we draw the orthographic
view, we could not determine the angle of the solar panels in the front view, as a result we could
not draw the exact drawing. Here top view is horizontal and the right side view is vertical.
CHAPTER 8
CONCLUSION
Here we learn lot of things about engineering drawing. We learn how to draw isometric,
orthographic and sectional view of an object. Here we draw solar panel setup and how to draw
2D, 3D and sectional view of solar panel setup. Through 3D view we get to know how the
object will look like. Through 2D view, we get to know how the object will look from three
sides. And through sectional view we get to know about what is inside the object. We
gained knowledge about technical drawing by doing this drawing and understood the
importance and significance of engineering drawing. Which will play an important role in
the engineering sector in the future.
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REFERENCE
1. “Thomas Ewing French”. “https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering_drawing”.
“Wikipedia”. November 15, 2022.
2. “Zeal Cads”. https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-use-of-engineering-drawing-in-
electrical-engineering. “Quara”. November 15, 2022.
3. “Philip Kosky, George Wise”
“https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/engineering-
drawing#:~:text=What%20are%20%E2%80%9Cengineering%20drawings%E2%80
%9D%20and,professionals%20throughout%20the%20design%20process”.
“ScienceDirect”. November 16, 2022.
4. “John Rauch”. “https://www.quora.com/Why-should-every-Engineering-student-
learn-Drawing”. “Quara”. November 16, 2022.
5. “Philip Kosky, George Wise”
“https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/engineering-
drawing#:~:text=Engineering%20drawings%20are%20used%20to,by%20a%20proce
ss%20called%20projection”. “ScienceDirect”. November 16, 2022.
6. “United Nations”. “https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/what-is-renewable-
energy?gclid=Cj0KCQiAyMKbBhD1ARIsANs7rEHHXyMd9xxANNokVMEH95S
YOZruUorOwyrwb7_Clh3krgFQTZTyKr4aAsgzEALw_wcB”. “United Nations”.
November 17, 2022.
7. “Sarawut Ninsawat, Mohammad Dalower Hossain”. “https://www.mdpi.com/2071-
1050/8/10/1068”. “MDPI”. November 17, 2022.
8. “H.Y.PengS.S.SongH.J.LiuS.F.DaiF.L.Zhang”.
“https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2213138822008487”.
“ScienceDirect”. November 17, 2022.
9. “K.Jaiganesh, K.Bharath Simha Reddy, B.K.D.Shobhitha, B.Dhanush Goud”
“https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214785321041924”.
“ScienceDirect”. November 17, 2022.
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