MODULE 2:
Atomic Theory
And Periodic
Table
GROUP 5
GROUP 1 MEMBERS
Diana Lebaquin Janine Eda Marielle Luntao
CouRSE
OBJECTIVES:
After successful completion of this module,
you should be able to:
1.define an atom;
2.solve for the number of subparticles in an
atom;
3.solve for the molecular mass of the
compounds and
4. describe the periodic table of elements.
2.1. Atom and its
Particles
An atom is the smallest particle of matter. It has subparticles and they are protons,
electrons and neutrons. These subparticles have the following characteristics and they are:
2.1. Atom and its
Particles
The presence of the sub particle determines the overall charge of an atom. The
relative atomic
mass of an atom has a value expressed in atomic mass unit or amu like the hydrogen
with a relative mass unit equal to 1 amu.
John Dalton stated that matter is made up of small particles called atom. Dalton’s
Atomic Theory states that matter is made up of smallest particle called atom. Other
chemists also
proved that an atom has particles and the positions of the particles differ based on
specific
chemist. The electrons were proven present in an atom after J.J. Thompson
discovered them after an experiment.
2.2 Formula Unit and Molecular Weight
The atoms make up a molecule which may consist of either ions(ionic
compounds) or molecules (molecular or covalent compounds).
An Ion is an atom that lost (cation) or gained 1 or more electrons(anion). If a salt
has a chemical formula of NaCl which has 1 sodium atom and
1 chlorine atom and this represents the formula unit.
A molecule is composed of two or more elements and its formula weight (or
molecular
weight) can be computed using the number of atoms in each element multiplied
to the atomic
weight of the respective element.
Example:
Problem: Find the molecular weight of Ca1(O2H2)
Solution: Ca has 1atom x its atomic mass is 40.1 and
the O has 2 atoms x its atomic mass of 16.0 and
H has 2 atoms x its atomic mass of 1.01,
= (1x40.1) + (2x16.0) + 2x1.01)
thus its molecular weight is = 74. 12 amu
2.3.Atomic Structure, Electronic
Configurations and Box notation
An atom can be shown using a model following Neil Bohr model where the electrons
occupy various energy levels in an electron cloud around the nucleus. The arrangement of the
electrons are based in the increasing energy levels and this is illustrated using the mneumonic
device:
2.3.Atomic Structure, Electronic
Configurations and Box notation
Electronic configuration is the distribution of the electrons using the spdf configuration.
ADDITIONAL EXAMPLES
When we take a look at periodic table, we will see that Oxygen has 8
electrons, those 8 electrons would fill the following : 1s, 2s, 2p. So
oxygens electron configuration would be
1s2, 2s2, 2p4.
Iron has 26 electrons so its normal electron configuration would be:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d6.
Internet Research
1.Find the other subparticle in an atom and state its characteristics.
2.Cite other physical and chemical properties of matter..
Laboratory
1. What are the precautionary measures during laboratory class?
2. If a 50 g object has a volume of 20 mg., what is its properties?
3. Convert
A. 500 L = cl
B. 100 oC = oF
4. How do we measure the volume of a substance?.
5. What are the other laboratory techniques?
6. In this pandemic time, what safety measures must a student do?
QUESTION AND
ANSWER
SESSION
References:
journeyoflight179.wordpress.com
www.periodic-table.org
https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-molecular-weight-605369
THANK YOU!!
