AIR UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING
EXPERIMENT NO 4
Lab Title: Introducction to Z transform
GROUP MEMBERS: USMAN RAZA 200738
MUHAMMAD SALLAL 200778
WALI MUHAMMAD 200750
Talha Naeem 200706
Objective: Familiarizing students with Z-transform and
inverse Z -transform
ASSESSMENT:
Excellent Good Average Satisfactory Unsatisfactory
Attributes (5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
Ability to Conduct
Experiment
Ability to assimilate the
results
Effective use of lab
equipment and follows
the lab safety rules
Total Marks: Obtained Marks:
LAB REPORT ASSESSMENT:
Excellent Good Average Satisfactory Unsatisfactory
Attributes
(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
Data presentation
Experimental results
Conclusion
Total Marks: Obtained Marks:
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Experiment 04
Introduction to Z-Transform
Objectives:
Familiarizing students with Z-transform and inverse Z -transform
Familiarize students with poles and zeros plot in MATLAB
Equipment required:
MATLAB installed on PCs
Background Knowledge:
Z -transform is useful for the manipulation of discrete data sequences and has acquired a new
significance in formulation and analysis of discrete-time systems. Z -transform is an extension of
discrete-time Fourier Transform in discrete-time domain. In mathematics and signal processing, the
Z-transform converts a discrete time-domain signal, which is a sequence of real or complex numbers,
into a complex frequency-domain representation. The Z-transform, like many other integral
transforms, can be defined as either a one-sided (unilateral) or two-sided (bilateral) transform.
Bilateral Z-Transform:
The bilateral or two-sided Z-transform of a discrete-time signal x[n] is defined as:
where z is a complex variable.
Unilateral Z-Transform:
Alternatively, in cases where x[n] is defined only for n ≥ 0, the single-sided or unilateral Z-transform
is defined as:
The z-transform maps a signal in time domain to a power series in complex (frequency) domain.
Region of Convergence (ROC):
The set of z values for which X(z) exists is called the region of convergence (ROC) and is given by:
for some non-negative numbers Rx- and Rx+.
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Lab Tasks:
1. Find Z-transform of the following signal:
𝑥[𝑛] = (−1)𝑛(2)−𝑛𝑢[𝑛]
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Express the following Z-transform in factorized form and plot its poles and zeros.
2𝑧4 + 16𝑧3 + 44𝑧2 + 56𝑧 + 32
𝐻(𝑧) =
3𝑧4 + 3𝑧3 − 15𝑧2 + 18𝑧 – 12
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Conclusion:
We have learned about the Z -transform in this lab which is useful for the manipulation of discrete
data sequences and has acquired a new significance in formulation and analysis of discrete-time
systems. Else taking out its poles and zeros by the help of MATLAB and plotting it.