MME 310
Mechanical Behaviour of Materials
Lecture 15
Plasticity: Single Crystal Deformation
2nd September, 2011
Instructor: Dr. Vivek Verma
Instructor: Dr. Vivek Verma
Book
• George Dieter (Chapter 4)
• Hull and Bacon (Chapter 1)
Instructor: Dr. Vivek Verma
Burgers Vector and Burgers Circuit
• Burger Circuit
– Atom-to-atom path taken in a crystal containing
dislocation which forms a closed loop
Instructor: Dr. Vivek Verma
Burgers Vector and Burgers Circuit
• Burger Circuit: Screw Dislocation
Instructor: Dr. Vivek Verma
Burgers Vector and Burgers Circuit
• Burger Circuit
– Atom-to-atom path taken in a crystal containing
dislocation which forms a closed loop
• Burgers vector
– The vector required to complete the circuit
• Circuit in real crystal must pass through “good”
parts of the crystal
Instructor: Dr. Vivek Verma
Burgers Vector and Burgers Circuit
• Edge: QM normal to • Screw: QM parallel to
dislocation line dislocation line
Instructor: Dr. Vivek Verma
Burgers Vector and Burgers Circuit
• Burgers vector of an edge dislocation is normal
to the line of dislocation
• Burgers vector of a screw dislocation is parallel
to the line of dislocation
• Burgers vector of single dislocation has fixed
length and direction
– Independent of the position and orientation of the
dislocation line
Instructor: Dr. Vivek Verma
Burgers Vector and Burgers Circuit
• Conventions for Burgers circuit construction
1. Looking along dislocation line that makes positive
line sense the circuit is taken in a clockwise fashion
Instructor: Dr. Vivek Verma
Burgers Vector and Burgers Circuit
• Conventions for Burgers circuit construction
1. Looking along dislocation line that makes positive
line sense the circuit is taken in a clockwise fashion
2. Burgers vector is taken to run from the finish to the
start point of the reference circuit in the perfect
crystal
Instructor: Dr. Vivek Verma
Burgers Vector and Burgers Circuit
• Reversing line sense reverses the direction of
Burgers vector
• Dislocations with same line sense but opposite
Burgers vector are physical opposites
– Dislocations that are physical opposites annihilate
and restore perfect crystal Instructor: Dr. Vivek Verma
Burgers Vector and Burgers Circuit
• Burgers vector in above case(simple cubic)
– Shortest lattice translation vectors that join two
points in the lattice
Instructor: Dr. Vivek Verma
Burgers Vector and Burgers Circuit
• Perfect or unit dislocation
– Dislocation whose Burgers vector is lattice
translation vector
• Burgers vector b is described using indices
• For simple cubic:
– Strength (length):
Instructor: Dr. Vivek Verma
MME 310
Mechanical Behaviour of Materials
Movement of Dislocations
Instructor: Dr. Vivek Verma
Instructor: Dr. Vivek Verma
Book
• George Dieter (Chapter 4)
• Hull and Bacon (Chapter 3)
Instructor: Dr. Vivek Verma
Concept of Slip
• Dislocation
– Boundary between slipped and unslipped regions of
the crystal
• Slip plane contain line and Burger vector of
dislocation
Instructor: Dr. Vivek Verma
Concept of Slip
• Dislocation movement by
– Glide (conservative motions)
• Dislocation moves in the surface that contains its line and
Burgers vector
• Dislocation line perpendicular to its length
Instructor: Dr. Vivek Verma
Concept of Slip
• Dislocation movement by
– Glide (conservative motions)
• Dislocation moves in the surface that contains its line and
Burgers vector
• Dislocation line perpendicular to its length
– Climb (non conservative motion)
• Dislocation moves out of the glide surface normal to the
Burgers vector
• Dislocation line moves vertically
– High amount of diffusion of vacancies or atoms
Instructor: Dr. Vivek Verma
Concept of Slip
Instructor: Dr. Vivek Verma
Concept of Slip
• Edge dislocation
– Positive
– Negative
Instructor: Dr. Vivek Verma
Concept of Slip
• Glide of many dislocations result in slip
– Plastic deformation (deck of cards analogy)
– Sliding or successive displacement of one plane of
atoms over another on ‘slip planes’
– Atoms move in integral number of atomic distance
along slip plane
– Slip occurs on close packed planes along close
packed directions
Instructor: Dr. Vivek Verma
Concept of Slip
• Formation of steps on the surface of crystal
Instructor: Dr. Vivek Verma
Concept of Slip
• Slip plane:
– Plane with highest density of atoms
• Slip direction
– Direction in the slip plane where atoms are most
closely spaced
• FCC {111}, <110>
– Twelve slip systems
Instructor: Dr. Vivek Verma
Concept of Slip
z
x
Instructor: Dr. Vivek Verma
Concept of Slip
• Close packed hexagonal (0001),
– Three slip systems
• Higher number of active slip system
Easier deformation
Instructor: Dr. Vivek Verma
Concept of Slip
• BCC: no close packed plane
– {110} highest atomic density
• Not greatly superior to other planes
– <111> close pack direction
• No definite single slip plane
– Slips in <111>
Instructor: Dr. Vivek Verma
Slip by Dislocation Movement
• Dislocation concept
– Due to discrepancy between observed and
theoretical shear strength
• Theory should prove
– Dislocation movement requires less stress than
theoretical shear stress
– Movement of dislocation produces slip, ‘slip band’, at
the free surface
Instructor: Dr. Vivek Verma
Slip by Dislocation Movement
• Perfect lattice
– Atoms above and below the slip plane are in
minimum energy position
– Force in crystal to oppose the movement
Instructor: Dr. Vivek Verma
Slip by Dislocation Movement
Instructor: Dr. Vivek Verma
Slip by Dislocation Movement
Instructor: Dr. Vivek Verma
Slip by Dislocation Movement
• Extra half plane, upon reaching the surface,
results in slip step of one Burger vector
Instructor: Dr. Vivek Verma
