A

Project Report
On

Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana

(DDU-GKY)

ROHIT SHARMA
21014426019

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 Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION

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About The DDU-GKY
DDU-GKY is a scheme initiated by the Ministry of Rural Development, Government of
India, to impart skills to rural youth for enhancing their employability and entrepreneurial
skills. The full form of DDU-GKY is Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana
This scheme aims to transform rural India by skilling rural youth and enabling them to
contribute to the nation's economic growth. The scheme is focused on providing training and
placement opportunities to rural youth in various sectors such as agriculture, healthcare,
tourism, construction, and textiles, among others.
Under the DDU-GKY program, training is provided to youth from economically weaker
sections, aged between 15 and 35 years, through a network of training centers located in rural
areas. The training programs are designed to provide skills that are in demand in the job
market, such as healthcare, hospitality, construction, and retail.
The program also provides placement assistance to the trained candidates, with the aim of
ensuring that they are placed in suitable jobs after completing the training. The DDU-GKY
program is implemented through a network of partners, including NGOs, government
agencies, and private training providers.
DDU-GKY (Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana) is a flagship initiative of
the Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India, aimed at transforming the rural
youth into skilled workforce. The program is implemented by the National Rural Livelihoods
Mission (NRLM) and seeks to address the twin objectives of providing sustainable livelihood
opportunities to rural youth and addressing the shortage of skilled manpower in the industry.
The program was launched on 25th September 2014, on the occasion of the 98th birth
anniversary of Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya, and has since then been implemented across
the country. The program is named after Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya, who was a
philosopher, economist, and social worker, and believed in the concept of ‘Antyodaya’-
uplifting the poorest of the poor.
The primary objective of DDU-GKY is to provide market-oriented vocational training to
rural youth from economically weaker sections (EWS) and enable them to secure gainful
employment in the formal sector. The program is designed to address the problem of
unemployment and underemployment in rural areas by providing skill training to rural youth
in sectors with high demand for skilled workers. The program also aims to provide
employment opportunities to at least 75% of the trained candidates.
DDU-GKY is a demand-driven program, where the training courses are based on the specific
demands of the industry. The program also focuses on the development of soft skills,
entrepreneurship, and financial literacy among the trainees to make them job-ready. The
program offers training in a wide range of sectors such as construction, hospitality,
healthcare, retail, automotive, agriculture, and many more.
DDU-GKY has a target of skilling 10 million youth by 2022, and as of August 2021, around
7.58 lakh candidates have been trained and 4.22 lakh candidates have been placed in various
industries. The program has been implemented in all states and union territories of India.
DDU-GKY operates through a network of Project Implementing Agencies (PIAs) that are
responsible for the identification, mobilization, and training of rural youth. The PIAs can be
government agencies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), private sector entities, or
academic and training institutions. The program provides funding support to the PIAs for the
training and placement of candidates.

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The program has a rigorous selection process, and candidates are selected based on their
socio-economic status, age, educational qualification, and aptitude. The program also has a
provision for special projects for the training of vulnerable and marginalized sections of the
society such as women, SC/ST, and persons with disabilities.
The program has a strong focus on monitoring and evaluation, and a robust Management
Information System (MIS) has been put in place to track the progress of the program. The
program has a dedicated team of professionals who monitor the progress of the training and
placement of candidates and ensure that the program objectives are met.
DDU-GKY has several unique features that set it apart from other skill development
programs in the country. The program provides end-to-end support to the candidates,
including pre-training support, residential training, post-training support, and placement
support. The program also provides a stipend to the candidates during the training period to
support their living expenses. The stipend amount varies based on the location and duration
of the training.
The program also has a provision for the recognition of prior learning (RPL), where
candidates with prior experience in a particular skill can undergo an assessment to receive
certification without undergoing the entire training program.
In conclusion, DDU-GKY is a unique program that aims to provide sustainable livelihood
opportunities to rural youth and address the shortage of skilled manpower
Regenerate response

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Logo of DDU-GKY:

Website ddugky.gov.in

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History of DDU-GKY:
The Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY) was launched by the
Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India, in September 2014, with the aim of
transforming the lives of rural youth through skill training and employment. The program
was named after the famous Indian philosopher and political activist Deen Dayal Upadhyaya,
who dedicated his life to the upliftment of the poor and disadvantaged sections of society.
The DDU-GKY program is an offshoot of the National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM),
which was launched in 2011, with the objective of reducing poverty in rural areas by
promoting self-employment and wage employment opportunities. The NRLM recognized
that skill development and job creation were critical to achieving its objectives, and therefore
launched the DDU-GKY program as a flagship program to focus on these areas.
The DDU-GKY program builds on the experience of various skill development programs
that were implemented by the Ministry of Rural Development over the years, such as the
Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY) and the Rural Self Employment Training
Institutes (RSETIs). These programs provided training and financial support to rural youth
for starting their own businesses or becoming self-employed.
However, these programs had limited success in creating sustainable livelihood opportunities
for the rural youth, as they focused on self-employment and entrepreneurship, which required
a certain level of risk-taking ability and business acumen. The DDU-GKY program, on the
other hand, focuses on wage employment opportunities, which are more readily available in
the job market and require less capital and risk.
The DDU-GKY program is based on the concept of "market-driven skills", which refers to
skills that are in demand in the job market. The program works closely with industry
associations and employers, to identify the skills that are required in their respective sectors,
and design training programs accordingly. This ensures that the rural youth are trained in
skills that are relevant and in demand in the job market, and have a higher chance of finding
employment.
The DDU-GKY program also places a strong emphasis on social inclusion and equity. The
program ensures that at least 50% of the beneficiaries are women, and at least 15% are from
the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. This ensures that the benefits of the program
reach the most marginalized sections of society, who are often left out of the mainstream
development process.
Since its launch in 2014, the DDU-GKY program has trained and placed over 5 lakh rural
youth in various sectors such as healthcare, hospitality, construction, retail, and textiles. The
program has also generated a significant amount of employment opportunities in rural areas,
and has helped to reduce poverty and unemployment in these areas.

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VISION & MISSION

VISION
To be a Centre of Excellence and a global leader for policy design and implementation in
skilling and placement linked skill programs for rural youth of the developing countries.
MISSION
To provide technical services such as monitoring, evaluation, training, content development,
and research for the programs undertaken by Government at national level to enable rural
poor youths including socially disadvantaged groups to secure a better future.

Purpose of DDU-GKY:
The purpose of the Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY) is to
provide market-driven skill training and placement support to the rural youth in India, with
the aim of transforming them into skilled and employable workers. The program is targeted
towards poor rural youth between the ages of 15 and 35 years, who have no or low formal
education, and belong to families with an annual income below the poverty line.
The DDU-GKY program aims to address the twin challenges of poverty and unemployment
in rural areas, by providing sustainable livelihood opportunities to the rural poor. The
program aims to skill and place 10 million rural youth over the next 7 years, by providing
them with market-driven skill training and placement support. The program has a target of
skilling 1.5 million youth annually, through a network of training partners and placement
agencies, with a focus on demand-driven sectors such as healthcare, hospitality, construction,
retail, and textiles.
One of the key objectives of the DDU-GKY program is to promote social inclusion and
equity, by ensuring that at least 50% of the beneficiaries are women, and at least 15% are
from the Scheduled Castes

Key features of DDU-GKY:

1. Skill training: Under the scheme, rural youth are provided with skill training in various
sectors, such as agriculture, healthcare, tourism, construction, and textiles, among
others. The training is provided by reputed training providers, and the curriculum is
designed as per industry requirements.
2. Placement: After completing the training, the rural youth are placed in various sectors,
such as retail, hospitality, healthcare, and construction, among others. The scheme

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 aims to provide placement opportunities to at least 70% of the trained youth.
3. Entrepreneurship: The scheme also aims to encourage entrepreneurship among rural
youth. The scheme provides financial support to eligible candidates for setting up their
enterprises. The scheme also provides business development support to the candidates.
4. Funding: The scheme is funded by the central government and the state governments
in the ratio of 75:25. The central government provides 75% of the funds, and the state
government provides the remaining 25% of the funds.
5. Implementation: The scheme is implemented by a designated state-level agency, which
is responsible for identifying the candidates, providing them with training, and
ensuring their placement.
6. Target group: The scheme targets rural youth between the ages of 15 and 35 years,
who are from families below the poverty line (BPL) or those who belong to socially
disadvantaged groups.
7. Focus on women: The scheme also focuses on women empowerment and encourages
the participation of women in the skill-building and entrepreneurship programs.

Objectives of DDU-GKY:
The Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY) is a flagship program
of the Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India. The objective of this program is
to transform rural youth into skilled and employable workers, through skill training and
placement assistance. The program aims to address the twin challenges of poverty and
unemployment in rural areas, by providing sustainable livelihood opportunities to the rural
poor.
The program was launched in September 2014, and is implemented by the National Rural
Livelihoods Mission (NRLM), which is a poverty reduction initiative of the Ministry of
Rural Development. DDU-GKY is primarily targeted towards poor rural youth between the
ages of 15 and 35 years, who have no or low formal education, and belong to families with
an annual income below the poverty line.
The program aims to skill and place 10 million rural youth over the next 7 years, by
providing them with market-driven skill training and placement support. The program has a
target of skilling 1.5 million youth annually, through a network of training partners and
placement agencies, with a focus on demand-driven sectors such as healthcare, hospitality,
construction, retail, and textiles.
DDU-GKY provides end-to-end support to the rural youth, starting from mobilization, to
skill training, to placement and post-placement support. The program also provides financial
support to the training partners and placement agencies, to ensure quality training and
placement services are provided to the rural youth.
One of the key features of DDU-GKY is its focus on industry-relevant skills, which are in
demand in the job market. The program works closely with industry associations and
employers, to identify the skills that are required in their respective sectors, and design

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 training programs accordingly. This ensures that the rural youth are trained in skills that are
in demand in the job market, and have a higher chance of finding employment.
Another important feature of DDU-GKY is its focus on social inclusion and equity. The
program ensures that at least 50% of the beneficiaries are women, and at least 15% are from
the Scheduled Castes

The key objectives of the scheme are as follows:

1. To provide gainful employment opportunities to rural youth in various sectors.
2. To develop the skills of rural youth and enhance their employability.
3. To encourage entrepreneurship among rural youth and create self-employment
opportunities.
4. To provide access to training, education, and skill-building activities to rural youth.
5. To enable rural youth to contribute to the nation's economic growth and development.

Benefits of DDU-GKY:
The Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY) has several benefits,
both for the rural youth who are trained and placed, as well as for the economy as a whole.
Some of the key benefits of the program are:
1. Skill development: The DDU-GKY program provides market-driven skill training to
rural youth, which helps to improve their employability and earnings potential. The
program focuses on sectors that have high demand for skilled workers, such as
healthcare, hospitality, construction, retail, and textiles, and provides training in job-
specific skills that are relevant to these sectors.
2. Employment generation: The DDU-GKY program aims to create sustainable
employment opportunities in rural areas, by skilling and placing rural youth in wage
employment. This helps to reduce poverty and unemployment in rural areas, and also
helps to address the problem of migration of rural youth to urban areas in search of
employment.
3. Inclusive development: The DDU-GKY program has a strong focus on social inclusion
and equity, by ensuring that at least 50% of the beneficiaries are women, and at least
15% are from the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. This helps to promote
inclusive development, by ensuring that the benefits of the program reach the most
marginalized sections of society.
4. Industry linkage: The DDU-GKY program works closely with industry associations
and employers, to identify the skills that are required in their respective sectors, and
design training programs accordingly. This ensures that the rural youth are trained in

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 skills that are relevant and in demand in the job market, and have a higher chance of
finding employment.
5. Entrepreneurship development: The DDU-GKY program also provides
entrepreneurship development support to the rural youth, by providing them with
training in entrepreneurship and business management, and helping them to access
credit and other support services. This helps to promote self-employment and
entrepreneurship, and enables rural youth to start their own businesses and become job
creators.
6. Economic growth: The DDU-GKY program contributes to the overall economic
growth of the country, by creating a skilled workforce that can contribute to the growth
of various sectors. The program also helps to reduce poverty and inequality, and
promotes inclusive growth, which is essential for sustainable development.
7. Rural development: The DDU-GKY program is aligned with the government's vision of
rural development, by focusing on creating employment opportunities and promoting
entrepreneurship in rural areas. This helps to improve the overall socio-economic
development of rural areas, and contributes to the government's efforts to reduce regional
disparities.
8. Personal development: The DDU-GKY program not only focuses on skilling the youth but
also helps in their personal development by providing various life skills training like
financial literacy, soft skills, communication skills, etc. which will be useful to them in their
professional and personal lives.

In summary, the DDU-GKY program has several benefits, including skill development,
employment generation, inclusive development, industry linkage, entrepreneurship
development, and economic growth.

Challenges of DDU-GKY:
1. The Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY) has faced
several challenges in its implementation. Some of the key challenges are:
2. Low awareness: One of the main challenges for the DDU-GKY program has been low
awareness among the rural youth about the program and its benefits. This has led to a
low number of applications from eligible candidates, which has impacted the
program's ability to meet its skilling and placement targets.
3. Poor quality of training: Another challenge for the DDU-GKY program has been the
poor quality of training provided by some of the training partners. This has led to low
employability of the trained candidates, which has impacted the program's ability to
meet its placement targets.
4. Lack of infrastructure: The DDU-GKY program requires infrastructure such as
training centers, hostels, and placement agencies, which are often lacking in rural
areas. This has made it difficult for the program to reach out to the rural youth and
provide them with quality training and placement support.
5. Limited industry linkages: The success of the DDU-GKY program depends on its

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 ability to provide training in skills that are in demand in the job market. However, the
program has faced challenges in building strong linkages with industries and
employers, which has impacted its ability to provide relevant training to the rural
youth.
6. Inadequate funding: The DDU-GKY program requires significant funding for its
implementation, including for the training, placement, and monitoring of the rural
youth. However, the program has faced challenges in securing adequate funding from
the government and other sources, which has impacted its ability to scale up and reach
out to more rural youth.
7. Coordination challenges: The DDU-GKY program involves multiple stakeholders,
including the government, training partners, placement agencies, and the rural youth.
Ensuring effective coordination and collaboration among these stakeholders has been a
challenge, which has impacted the program's ability to meet its objectives.
8. Placement support: While the DDU-GKY program provides training to the rural youth,
ensuring their placement in suitable jobs has been a challenge. The program relies on a
network of placement agencies to help place the beneficiaries in jobs, and ensuring that
the placement agencies are able to find suitable jobs for the beneficiaries can be
difficult.
9. Skilling in remote areas: Skilling rural youth in remote areas, where there is a lack of
infrastructure and training facilities, can be a challenge for the DDU-GKY program.
Providing training in such areas requires significant investment in infrastructure and
logistics, which can be difficult to manage.
10. Funding: The DDU-GKY program requires significant funding to implement, and
ensuring adequate funding for the program has been a challenge. The program is
primarily funded by the government, and ensuring sustained funding for the program
can be challenging.
11. Monitoring and evaluation: The DDU-GKY program requires effective monitoring and
evaluation systems, to ensure that the program is achieving its objectives and the
beneficiaries are receiving quality training and placement support. Ensuring effective
monitoring and evaluation can be challenging, especially in remote areas.
In conclusion, the DDU-GKY program has faced several challenges in its
implementation, including low awareness, poor quality of training, lack of
infrastructure, limited industry linkages, inadequate funding, and coordination
challenges. Addressing these challenges will require a concerted effort from all
stakeholders, including the government, training partners, placement agencies, and the
rural youth.

Scheme Implementation

DDU-GKY follows a 3-tier implementation model. DDU-GKY is now, a State led

scheme being implemented in PPP mode, based on market demand driven target sanction

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 process. The DDU-GKY National Unit MoRD functions as the policy-making, technical
support and facilitation agency. The DDU-GKY Skills State Missions provide
implementation support; and the Project Implementing Agencies (PIAs) implement the
program in a PPP mode.

DDU-GKY has developed a National Portal from July, 2016 for registration of PIAs and
filing of project applications online from prospective Project Implementing Agencies
(PIAs) to provide training and employment to youth.

Funding of the Scheme

DDU-GKY is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS) and projects are funded by Central
and State Governments in the ratio of 60:40; in case of 8 North-east States, Himachal
Pradesh and Uttrakhand the funding pattern is 90:10; and in case of J&K (where Himayat
is being implemented) Central Government share is 100%.

Year-wise details of number of candidates trained and Placed under DDU-GKY since 2014-15
till the present year is given below:

Total no. of candidates trained Total no. of candidates

Year
under DDU-GKY placed under DDU-GKY
2014-15 43,038 21,446
2015-16 2,36,471 1,09,512
2016-17 1,62,586 1,47,883
2017-18 1,31,527 75,787
2018-19 2,41,080 1,38,248
2019-20 2,38,336 1,50,199
2020-21 37,906 49,563
2021-22(till October
8,886 21,361
21)

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 Roshni – A special initiative under DDU-GKY for left-wing extremist
affected areas

A special initiative called Roshni was launched by Ministry of Rural Development on 10th
June 2013 in a bid to further reach out to rural youth` in the country’s 27 most
critical Left-Wing-Extremism-affected districts in 9 States.

Key features of the Roshni initiative are as under:

i. Roshni mandates at least 40% of the candidates covered under the scheme shall be
women. Special efforts will be made to proactively cover Particularly Vulnerable Tribal
Groups (PVTGs) on priority basis.
ii. All Trainings under this sub scheme of DDU-GKY shall be fully residential in nature.
iii. Demand driven allocation is being made to saturate the District with Roshni scheme.
iv. Training will be imparted through public-private and public-public partnerships with
registered PIAs.
v. Placement-linked, market driven fully residential skill training will be provided.
vi. Central Technical Support Agency allocated to States shall be monitoring agency
for Roshni scheme.
vii. 27 Districts are of 9 States are covered under this initiative.
viii. Beneficiaries aged between 18-35 years with requisite aptitude depending upon the trade
or job requirements are to be selected as per the Participatory Identification of Poor (PIP)

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 HIMAYAT in UT of J & K
Himayat is a placement linked skill training programme (100% funded by GoI) for
unemployed youth of Jammu and Kashmir and is being implemented by the Himayat
Mission Management Unit (HMMU) of J&K State Rural Livelihoods Mission
(JKSRLM), Department of Rural Development, and Government of J&K. The
Empowered Committee for DDU-GKY, Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) has
approved a skilling target of 124180 youth for J&K for a period of three years (2016-19)
at an outlay of 1581.10 crore, which has been further extended upto 2023 with target of
143299 at the cost of 1781.66 crores.

Key features of the Himayat initiative are as under:

i. The candidates are provided free skill training for a duration of 3 to 12 months in a
range of domains/skills with an assured employment after completion of the training.
i. The Scheme includes youth from both BPL as well as non-BPL categories and
youth from urban as well as rural areas. In general, the target youth are to be in the
age group of 18 -35 years of age, except for a few special groups.
ii. This is a 100% centrally funded scheme and the scheme mandates at least 70% of
placement of total trained candidates

Important features of DDU-GKY:

o Market-led, placement-linked training programme for rural youth undertaken in a PPP
mode.
o Mandatory assured placement to 70% of the trained candidates.
o Focus on rural youth from poor families in the age group of 15 to 35 years.
o Social inclusion of candidates through mandatory coverage of socially disadvantaged
groups, i.e for SC/ST-50%, Minorities- 15%, and Women 33%
o Minimum Salary of Rs.6000 per month or minimum wages of the State which ever is
higher (after a three month training course).
o Post-placement support to candidates.
o Career progression support to training partners.
o In allocation of skills projects, primacy given to Training Partners who can train and
support overseas placement and captive placements.
o Promote PM's “Make in India” Campaign through Industry Internships supported through
joint partnerships between industry and DDU-GKY.

Further details may be seen at DDUGKY Website www.ddugky.gov.in.

Duties/Main activities/functions
National Level- Allocation of Targets and funds for implementation of the Program, support
cost and Administrative Cost.

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 State Level- Allocation of Targets to Project Implementing Agencies, funds and monitoring
of Program implementation in States, implement support cost activities and ensure
adequacy of Human Resource for implementation of program.

List of services being provided with a brief write-up on them

NA

Organizational Structure Diagram at various levels namely State,

Directorate, region, district, block etc.
DDU-GKY follows a 3-tier implementation model. The DDU-GKY National Unit MoRD
functions as the policy-making, technical support and facilitation agency. The DDU-GKY
Skills State Missions provide implementation support; and the Project Implementing Agencies
(PIAs) implement the programme through skilling and placement projects in a PPP mode.

Arrangement and methods made for seeking public participation/contribution

Mechanism available for Monitoring the service delivery and public grievance resoultion

The grievances are redressed on priority according to the instructions on the subject issued by the
Government of India from time to time.

details of the powers and duties of Officers and Employees of the

Organization
Joint Secretary (Skills)

Director (Skills)

Under Secretary

US(Skills 1), US (Skills 2), US(Skills 3)

Skills Division

1. Section Officer (1)

2. Assistant Section Officer (1)
3. Data Entry Officer (6) and Office
Assistant Admin (1)

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Work distribution/channel of submission in Rural Skills Division:
i. The files and matters are being put up by Dealing hands (Mission Manager/PMA/etc.) to Under
Secretary, which goes upto Director/JS/AS/SRD/Minister for consideration as per the matter.
ii. Routine matters not requiring any decision making can be disposed off at the level of Director.
iii. For Registration of Project Implementation Agencies (PRN), Under Secretary (US) act as Desk
Officer and for RTI US/CPIO act as Desk Officer.
The details of existing work distribution/ channel of submission, work flow have been uploaded
on the Ministry’s website (www.rural.nic.in).

details of the budget for different activities under different schemes in the
given format
Scheme DDU-GKY (Rs. in lakhs)
Financial Year Budget Allocation Release

2018-19 121530.64 121528.94

2019-20 187217.28 187197.65
2020-21 107685.20 107666.72

2021 – 22 (Till June, 2021) 200000.00 111.66

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LITERATURE REVIEW

AN EFFECTIVE ASSESSMENT OF DEEN DAYAL UPADHYAY GRAMEEN

KAUSHALYA YOJANA (DDU-GKY) IN PROVIDING SKILL TRAINING
PROGRAMME FOR YOUTH: A STUDY OF HARYANA STATE
INTRODUCTION India has started to evolve on the world platform due to its dynamic and
rapid growth in its gross domestic product. However, this GDP growth lacked inclusiveness
in its growth process, which raised major issues such as unemployment, poverty and
inequality over the same period. While the eleventh five-year plan (2007-2012) introduced
"inclusive growth" as a main objective, so did the main objective of the twelfth fiveyear
plan (2012-2017). To promote inclusive growth, the government should intervene by
implementing various public programs at the micro and macro levels, including job
creation, infrastructure development, improving access to quality education and healthcare
services. The current pandemic and economic downturn again raise questions about the
major challenges of job creation, especially why the Indian economy has not been faster in
generating more productive jobs. On the other hand, the increase in the size of the
population and the large shifts in migration from rural to urban areas have worsened the
housing situation in urban areas of India, where large numbers of people do not have
adequate accommodation with basic amenities. Large number of India's poor remain in
rural areas. Many of these people work in casual labor markets in both agricultural and non-
agricultural sectors in which there is little return on labor market skills and experience, and
where incomes are therefore limited by the marginal product of labor manual work. Given
the overall supply and demand conditions, the return on this work may not generate
sufficient household income for a household with non-working dependents to exceed the
poverty line. While a system of transfers to low-income households can reduce poverty at
least in the short term, such transfers place a heavy burden on state budgets and may
prevent the state from making productive investments in public resources that lead to long-
term sustainable growth and development. On this basis, it would seem desirable to better
understand the nature of rural income growth with a view to how best to promote well-paid
jobs. Over the last three-and-a-half decades, there has been a structural shift in the
occupational choice among rural workers, particularly rural agricultural workers, with
changes in their occupational choices ranging from agriculture to nonagricultural sectors.
According to the 38th Round (1983) of the National Sample Survey (NSS) report, around
77 percent of rural households depend on the agricultural sector to sustain their livelihoods.
Rural households’ dependency on agriculture has declined to 50 percent as per the latest
round of the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) for 2018-19. The primary reasons
behind the decline in employment opportunity in the rural area are insufficient public
investment for agrarian development, inadequate access to institutional credit, inadequate
irrigation facilities, government's poor agriculture-related marketing policies, half-baked
land reform policy, and low return from agriculture are responsible for the fall in
agricultural employment. Haryana has recorded the highest unemployment rate in the
country, as per the data released by the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy for June
2021. With a 29.1% unemployment rate, Haryana’s unemployment is nearly 2.5 times the
national average 12.6%. Despite being a largely agrarian state, employment opportunities
for the state's youth in the agricultural sector have declined over time. Rising up to the
formidable task of finding gainful employment for the youth of Haryana, who were
traditionally engaged in agricultural activities, is to formulate the right policy to ensure
stable employment. The slowing economy and shortage of new jobs prompted the northern
state of Haryana, where Gurugram is located, to implement a new law last month that bans
17
private companies from hiring workers of other states. Still, there is a serious topic of skill
development because it is very difficult to get a job in these national and multi-national
companies without it. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY) is
uniquely focused on rural youth between the ages of 15 and 35 years from poor

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

1. Role of skill development training program in youth, Haryana.
2. To get an overview of Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Kaushalya Yojana. 3. Find out
employment achievement through DDU-GKY in Haryana based on 2015 to 2021 data.

LITERATURE REVIEW
Chizoba, Chitom & Uju (2020) examined the effect of skills acquisition on youth
employability in Nigeria. The results of the study show that the problems faced by young
people in acquiring skills in Nigeria are the lack of qualified trainers, lack of facilities,
insufficient funding and weaker government monitoring. The results of the study also
indicate that entrepreneurial training or skills acquisition has reduced unemployment and
crime rates and is the cause of economic growth and development.
Agrawal & Thakur (2019) found the impact of Pradhan Mantri Kaushalya Vikas Yojana
on youth productivity in the Gwalior region. The research results show that the training
methods and activities brought new abilities to the trainees while performing a task and
resulted in an increase in productivity. Increased productivity is helpful in earning more
livelihoods, promoting them for entrepreneurship and solving their unemployment problem
Dewangan (2018) in his article on “Empowering rural youth through Pradhan Mantri
Kaushalya Vikas Yojana” described skills development initiatives in rural areas of the
country. The aim of this study is to describe the role and main characteristics of Pradhan
Mantri Kaushalya Vikas Yojana and his contribution to the empowerment of the rural youth
population.
Pandey and Nema (2017), in their article on “Impact of skill India training program among
young people”, pointed out that a maximum number of young people in the country lack
knowledge and expertise in the use of modern technologies. Skills development The
program is, therefore, a powerful weapon through which young people can be technically
trained to survive in this technological age. Through such programs, young people can also
be motivated by entrepreneurship to start their own business. But the existing skills
development programs in the country face some challenges such as strong competition in
the market for their own work, subsidies to start a new business, lack of awareness related
to various policies underway for their workers. advantages and shortage of raw materials.
Shrivastav & Jatav (2017) revealed how the different types of programs launched by the
Indian government can generate employment opportunities in India with new demands for
industrial skills. The study concludes on the general state of available skills capacities,
requirements, gaps and initiatives undertaken by the Indian government for skills
development. There is an immediate need for therapy for the current skills development
strategy in India.

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Aggarwal (2016) in his article on “Skills development in India” analyzed the skills
development process in India from different angles. The study concluded that in addition to
focusing on the quantitative aspect of skilled labor, policymakers should also focus on the
qualitative aspect of skills development programs. The current situation requires the
country to India to improve the quality of ITIs and work with the private sector to move
beyond digital vocational training targets to improve apprenticeship programs.
Sharma and Sethi (2015), through their article on “Skill Development: Opportunities &
Challenges in India”, attempted to analyze the gap between existing demand and the supply
of skilled labor. Their findings clearly show that India will face the major challenge of
closing the skills gap over the coming decades. The skills gap can have a serious impact,
not only on employers, but also on the economy as a whole. One of the main concerns is the
loss of productivity and income, as many jobs remain vacant for a long time due to the lack
of skilled labor. The study highlights how serious it is for government and other
stakeholders to work together to create a skilled workforce to fill the skills gap and boost
economic growth.
Kanchan & Varshney (2015), reported in their research paper on the impact of skills
development strategies and initiatives in India. A study based on secondary data sources
found that 80 percent of India's rural and urban workforce have low marketable skills. The
study reveals that filling this gap with various skills development initiatives results in a
skilled workforce to cope with the global hub.
Kedar (2015), India's labor productivity is lower than that of Asian economies and requires
upgrading the skills of the labor force to ensure economic growth.

METHODOLOGY
The study is based on a review of the literature and secondary data, which includes various
articles, circulars, and reports from MoRD, CMIE, and census reports.
DDU-GKY The Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) announced the Deen Dayal
Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY) Antyodaya Diwas, on 25th
September 2014. DDU-GKY is a part of the National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM),
tasked with the dual objectives of adding diversity to the incomes of rural poor families and
cater to the career aspirations of rural youth. DDU-GKY is uniquely focused on rural youth
between the ages of 15 and 35 years from poor families. As a part of the Skill India
campaign, it plays an instrumental role in supporting the social and economic programs of
the government like the Make In India, Digital India, Smart Cities and Start-Up India,
Stand-Up India campaigns. Over 180 million or 69% of the country’s youth population
between the ages of 18 and 34 years, live in its rural areas. Of these, the bottom of the
pyramid youth from poor families with no or marginal employment number about 55
million. At present, this scheme is being operated in 27 states and 3 union territories. Under
this scheme, there are 2198 training centers, 1822 projects, 839 project implementing
agencies are providing training in 56 sectors and there are more than 600 job roles.
During the year 2020-21, 28687 beneficiaries were provided training and 49396
candidates have been given placements till 31 March 2021. From the date of launch of this
scheme till 31st March 2021, about 10.81 lakh candidates have been trained in 56 sectors
and 600 trades and 6.92 lakh candidates have been provided placements.
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 DDU-GKY Mission: 1. Reduce poverty by enabling poor households to access
remunerative and sustainable employment through employment that provides a regular
salary. 2. Diversify the income of poor rural families. 3. Cater to the professional
aspirations of rural youth. (MoRD, 2016)
Implementation Model under DDU-GKY: Each state has a special role in implementing
the DDU-GKY program. States have full power to assess, approve and guide the program
in their states after they achieve Annual Action Plan (AAP) status. The States manages fund
releasing. DDU-GKY follows a 3-tier implementation model. The DDU-GKY National
Unit at MoRD functions as the policy-making, technical support, and facilitation agency.
The DDU-GKY State Missions provide implementation support, and the Project
Implementing Agencies implement the program through skilling and placement projects.
(MoRD,2016)
Project Funding of DDU-GKY: DDU-GKY provides financial support for placement
skills projects that meet market demand with financial support ranging from Rs. 25,696 to
over Rs. 1 lakh per person, depending on the duration of the project and whether the project
is residential or non-residential. DDU-GKY finances projects with a training duration of
576 hours (3 months) to 2304 hours (12 months). Funding elements include support for
training, board and lodging costs (residential programs), transportation costs, post-
placement support costs, career progression and retention support costs. DDU-GKY funds a
variety of vocational training programs covering over 250 trades in various industries such
as retail, hospitality healthcare, construction, automotive, leather, electrical, plumbing,
gemstones and jewelry, to name a few. The only mandate is that vocational training be
demanddriven and lead to the placement of at least 75% of trainees. Courses offered under
DDU-GKY: DDU-GKY mandates two types of training in every course Generic Training
on Soft Skills, English and Information Technology (ii) Trade Specific Skills with a
minimum duration of hours with different structured of duration - 3 months, 6 months, 9
months & 12 months, the duration for which are 576 hours, 1152 hours, 1728 hours and
2304 hours respectively.

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