THIRD TERM SS 2 DATA PROCESSING LESSON NOTE

3RD TERM SCHEME OF WORK

WEEKS TOPICS CONTENTS
1 Graphic packages  Definition of graphic packages
 Uses of graphic packages
 Examples of graphic packages
2 Graphic packages  Introduction to Corel Draw
3 Graphic packages  CorelDraw (Logo Design)
4 Graphic packages  Creating invitation cards
5. Web design packages  Definition of web design packages
 Examples of web design packages
 Features and uses of web design packages
6 Internet  Definition of Internet
 Terminologies used in Internet
 Benefits of the Internet
7 Continuous Assessment  Continuous Assessment (C.A)
(C.A)
8 Presentation packages  Definition of presentation packages
 Examples of presentation packages
 Features and uses of presentation
packages
9 Presentation packages  Introduction to MS PowerPoint
 Creating, saving, and retrieving
presentation files.
10 Basic concept of marketing  Meaning of marketing
 Methods of marketing
 Importance of marketing
 Marketing/distribution channels
11 Marketing  Product branding
 Product packaging
 Costing
 Pricing
12 Examination  Examination
WEEK ONE (1): GRAPHIC PACKAGES
Definition of Graphic Package
A graphic package is an application package that allows one to create (draw), edit and manipulate
images or graphics such as pictures, logos, letter-headed papers, brochures, calendars, magazines,
etc.
A graphic package uses lines, shapes, colors, and patterns to show information.
Uses of Graphic Packages
Graphic packages can be used to:
i. Draw lines and sophisticated shapes.
ii. Creates and edits images.
iii. Do full artworks and painting (e.g. 3D paintings).
iv. Create objects such as letterhead, logos, magazines, calendars, newspapers, etc.
v. Produce logos.
vi. For complex drawings.
vii. For designing greeting cards.
viii. For designing certificates and ID cards.
Examples of Graphic Packages
Examples of application packages that can be used for graphic designs include:
i. Paint
ii. CorelDraw
iii. Instant Artist
iv. Harvard graphics
v. Adobe Photoshop
vi. Logo Graphics
vii. Print Artist
viii. Graphwriter

Assignment 1
1. What are application packages?
2. Explain why CorelDraw is described as an application package (software).
WEEK TWO (2): GRAPHIC PACKAGES
Introduction to CorelDraw
CORELDRAW is an intuitive and versatile graphic application package used for creating and
manipulating high-quality vector graphics.
CorelDraw is built and designed to meet the demands of designers’ imaginations.
CorelDraw Window/Interface

Components/Features of CorelDraw Interface

Each circled number in the CorelDraw window corresponds to the numbers in the description below:
1. Toolbox: Consists of tools for creating, filling, and modifying objects while drawing.
2. Document Tab: Contains a series of documents opened within a single interface.
3. Title bar: Displays the title of the currently opened drawing.
4. Menu bar: Consists of various pull-down menu options.
5. Toolbar: A detachable bar that contains shortcuts to the menu and other commands.
6. Drawing window: The white background area outside the drawing page.
7. Property bar: A detachable bar with commands that relate to the active tool or object. For
example, when the text tool is active, the text property bar displays commands that can be used
to create and edit text.
8. Docker: A window containing available commands and settings relevant to a specific tool or task.
9. Rulers: Horizontal and vertical borders that are used to determine the size and position of
objects in a drawing.
10. Document palette: A bar that contains color switches for the current document.
11. Document/Page navigator: It is located at the bottom left of the window and it contains
controls for moving between pages and adding pages.
12. Drawing Page/Printable area: This is a rectangular area inside the drawing window. Status:
An area that contains information about object properties, it also shows the current cursor
position.
13. Navigator: A button at the lower-right corner that opens a smaller display to help you move
around a drawing.
14. Color palette: This is a bar that contains color swatches.

TOOLBOX IN CORELDRAW
WEEK THREE & WEEK FOUR (3 & 4): GRAPHIC PACKAGES
PROJECT/ASSIGNMENT 2 - 4
1. (a) Using the star shape tool in CorelDraw, draw a 30 pts star of diameter 18 cm and fill it with
grey color.
(b) Use the sharpness tool to adjust the corner sharpness of the star by 25 pts.
(c) Place three circles; circle 1, circle 2, and circle 3 with diameters 10 am, 7.6 cm, and 5.4 cm
respectively inside the star.
(d) Use the Text tool to type ARISE AND SHINE and place it in-between circles 2 and 3.
(e) Fill circle 2 with lemon color and circle 3 with white color.
(f) Place five stars inside circle 3.
(g) Group your drawing.
(h) Type in your full name as a footer.

2. (a) Draw a square with vertices A, B, C, and D. Assume reasonable dimensions.

(b) Draw another square of smaller dimension to the right of the square in (a) such that the
upper edge of the square will align with the lower edge of the square in (a). Label the vertices as
E, F, G, and H.
(c) Using the Freehand tool, join the points: A to E, B to F, C to G, and D to H. Also, join the
midpoint of the edge AB to the midpoint of the edge BC; the midpoint of the edge BC to the
midpoint of the edge CD; the midpoint of the CD to the midpoint of DA, and the midpoint of DA to
the midpoint of AB.
(d) Measure the distance from vertex C to vertex E and type the value above a dotted line
midway between the two points.
(e) Fill square EFGH with a black 30%.
(f) Save your work with your full name.

3. Design your Dansol Students’ ID Card

4. Design a logo for your company and place it on a letterhead paper for the same company.
WEEK FIVE (5): WEB DESIGN PACKAGES
Meaning of Web Design
Web design can be defined as the process of creating websites which involves webpage layout,
content production, and graphic design.
Definition of web design packages
Web design packages are application programs used to create, edit, update, and maintain web
pages/websites.
Examples of web design packages
 Microsoft FrontPage
 Template Toaster
 Adobe DreamWeaver
 Webplus X4
 All web Menu
 Photon FX Easy
 Websiter Pro 4
 NetObject fusion
 Antenna Web Design Studio
Uses of web design packages
A web design package is used to create web pages in the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
format to be rendered by a client application called a web browser.
Some of the uses of web design packages include:
i. Accessibility checker
ii. Interactive buttons
iii. Dynamic Web Templates (DWT)
iv. Multiprogramming support

Features/Components of web design packages

The following are some of the components that are essential to web design packages:
i. Hit counters: Used to give details about the number of visitors to a website through a graphic
counter.
ii. Advertising banner: Produces an ad banner rotator with images.
iii. Animated buttons: Used to create buttons that can respond to mouse clicks or movement.
iv. Marquee: This is a text that scrolls across the screen, it is used to draw attention to a certain
point on the website.
v. Appropriate design elements e.g. Web texture, icons, etc.
vi. Effective Typography: easy to read content
vii. Solid layout: The foundation of any website is the layout which involves web elements, content,
images, colors, etc.
viii. Color scheme: Right color scheme attracts more users or visitors to view a website
ix. Hyperlink Components: Hyperlinks are buttons/images used to link various web pages within a
website (relative link) and outside the site (absolute link).
x. High-quality images
Introduction to Microsoft FrontPage
The Microsoft Frontpage is a software used for developing a website automatically. It is the easiest
software for creating a website because there will be no need of using the HTML code.
Creating webpages using Frontpage is as easy as typing a document in word because Frontpage
automatically generates the HTML codes and edit webpages in a WYSIWYG fashion.

Advantages of Microsoft FrontPage

i. Knowledge of HTML codes is not required.
ii. Webpages can be created quickly and easily.
iii. It is an error-free package.

Components of Microsoft FrontPage

i. FrontPage Explorer: enables one to create and administer websites such as checking links, adding
and deleting files, updating links, etc.
ii. Personal Web Server: enables you to test the functioning of your website before placing it on a
web server.
iii. Front Page Editor: this enables you to create and edit web pages just as if you are working on a
Microsoft Word window. Microsoft FrontPage has the WYSIWYG feature.

Assignment 5
Mr. Ajisafe owns a company with many branches in different states of the country, of what benefit is
owing a website to him?
WEEK SIX (6): INTERNET
Definition of Internet
INTERNET is a word coined from ‘Interconnected Network’ and it is defined as a global system
for interconnected computers that makes it possible for computers all over the world to communicate
(i.e. send and receive messages).
It is, therefore, a global collection of computers and networks that connect millions of people,
organizations, the military, and the government to a wide range of information resources through a
common protocol to communicate among themselves.
The Internet was developed in 1969 by the United State Defence Department.
Terminologies used in Internet
1. Anchor: The starting and ending point of a hyperlink common with Unix and Linux
2. Apache: Apache is free and open-source software that allows users to deploy their websites on
the internet
3. Authentication: This is a means of verifying the identity of a user and program on the web.
4. Authorization: This is a means of granting access to a user to use a webpage after being
authenticated.
5. Banner Ad: Advertisement on a webpage that acts as a hyperlink to the advertiser’s website.
6. Bandwidth: This is the amount of data one can send per time through an internet connection.
7. Baud: Is a unit of measurement that determines the speed of communication over a data
channel
8. BBS: An acronym for Bulletin Board System
9. Bookmark: A link stored for easy and quick reference and access to a specific document on the
web.
10.Browse: It means to move from one webpage to another through hyperlinks. It is also known as
‘Surf’
11.Bits per Second (BPS): This is the transmission speed of data over the web.
12.Cache: a cache is a hardware or software component that stores data so that future requests for
that data can be served faster.
13.Chat Room: This is an invisible room on the internet where a chart session among several
people takes place.
14.Compression: It means reducing the size of a web document or graphics for faster delivery
through the web.
15.Cookies: Cookies are text files with small pieces of data — like a username and password — that
are used to identify your computer as you use a computer network.
16.Client: A computer on the internet that requests the service of another computer called the
server.
17.Cyber Café: This is a place where internet access is provided to the public usually for a fee.
18.Cyber Space: This is an electronic pathway through which online communication takes place.
19.Domain Name: This is the name given to any computer registered on the World Wide Web as
an official provider of information and files to Internet users.
20.Downloading: This is a process of retrieving or transferring information from the internet to a
personal computer. A user can download files such as documents, music, video, etc.
21.Electronic Mail (E-Mail): This is a message sent and received through the Internet. It is a
means of sending and receiving electronic messages.
22.File Transfer Protocol (FTP): This is a set of rules for sending files between two or more
computers.
23.Fire Walls: This is a network security device that restricts internet users from viewing internal
information on a website.
24.Firmware: Firmware refers to software that has been permanently installed in a machine, device,
or microchip, usually by the manufacturer
25.Gopher: Gopher is an Internet application that allows you to browse many different kinds of
resources by looking at menus or listings of information available.
26.Hits: This is the number of times a web object is viewed or downloaded.
27.History: This is an internet tool on a web browser that displays a list of previously viewed
websites.
28.Homepage: This is the first page or default page that is displayed whenever a website is visited.
29.Hypertext Markup Language (HTML): This is a computer language that is used to build a
website. It is an HLL
30.Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP): This is a set of rules for sending files across the
internet.
31.Hyperlink: This is a pointer on the website to another page.
32.Hypermedia: This is an extension to hypertext to include graphics and/or audio.
33.Intranet: This is a private network used to connect computers within an organization to provide
internet services.
34.Internet Protocol (IP): This is a set of rules which governs communication between computers
on the internet. It is the standard set of rules by which computers communicate on the internet.
35.Internet Protocol Address (IPA): This is a unique number (address) that identifies a device
on the internet or a local network. It is a string of numbers separated by periods and is expressed
as a set of four numbers. An example address might be 192.158.1.38. Each number in the set can
range from 0 to 255.
36.Mosaic: This is the first commonly available web browser.
37.Packet: This is a block of computer files that are transmitted as a single unit.
38. Ping: Ping (Packet InterNet Groper) is a simple computer network software utility used to test
and verify the reachability of a host on an Internet Protocol (IP) network .
39.Refresh: This is an action taken/recommended if the loading of a webpage stops due to a poor
internet connection. It is also known as reloading and the keyboard key for refreshing is F5.
40.Upload: This is the process of sending or transferring information from a PC to the Internet.
41.Internet Service Provider (ISP): This is a company that provides users access to the internet
e.g. Linkserve, MTN, etc.
42.Uniform Resource Locator (URL): This is the location of a website on the internet. That is;
the address of the website.
43.Website: A collection of webpages of information that has been hyperlinked together on the
internet.
44.Webpage: This is a single page of a document of a website.
45.Server: These are computers that deliver webpages on the internet to other computers called
clients.
46.Spyware: This is a computer program used to gather information about a person or organization
on the internet without their knowledge or consent.
47.Workstation: This is a high-performance computer system that is designed for a single user and
has advanced graphics capabilities, large storage capacity, and a powerful central processing unit.

Benefits of the Internet

Assignment 6
Identify (10) benefits of the Internet to the society
Abuse of the Internet
The list below are various means of abusing/misusing the internet.
i. Pornography
ii. Plagiarism
iii. Spyware
iv. Invasion of Privacy
v. Hacking
vi. Internet Fraud
vii. Cyberwar
viii. Piracy
ix. Virus creation
x. Phishing
xi. Spamming
xii. Pharming

Assignment 6
Explain each of the areas of misuse of the internet as listed above.

WEEK SEVEN (7): MID-TERM

WEEK EIGHT (8): PRESENTATION PACKAGES
Introduction
Presentation is the act of delivering a seminar, talk, lecture, conference, etc. to an audience (an
individual or a group of people) either formally or informally.
Definition of Presentation Package: 
A presentation package is a computer package (application) used in carrying out presentations
usually in the form of a slide show.
It has three major functions:
a. An editor that allows text to be inserted and formatted,
b. A method for inserting and manipulating graphic images
c. A slide-show system to display the content.
Examples of presentation packages include;
i. Microsoft PowerPoint
ii. Macromedia Flash
iii. Windows movie maker
iv. Open Office Impress
v. SlideWiki
vi. Audience (software)
vii. Hp-iDraw
viii.Apple keynotes
ix. Harvard Graphics, etc.

Uses of Presentation Package

i. As a slide show
ii. In delivering multimedia lectures
iii. In writing a multimedia storybook

Features of Presentation Package

All Presentation packages contain text editors and the ability to add charts and graphic images such
as photographs, clip art, or other objects
1. Creation of Slides: A slide is a single screen of a presentation i.e. each page of a PowerPoint is
called a slide and every presentation is composed of several slides. The default orientation of a
slide is in landscape layout with 11’’ wide and 8 1/2’’ tall.
Slides can contain a mixture of any of these elements text, images, video, animations, links, and
sound. Each separate element in a slide is an independent object that can be moved, modified
independently.
The first slide is used to introduce the topic of the presentation and is usually called the Title
Slide. A new slide can be added by using the shortcut key Ctrl + M
2. Insertion of Pictures, charts and tables: Insertion of pictures in PowerPoint is used to give
the visual form of a presentation for proper clarification.
3. Insertion of Video and Audio: Sound cards and speaker are necessary to make your
presentation audible to your audience.
Two kinds of sound effects that can be added to a presentation are .WAV files and .mid files
4. Transitions: This is how the presentation software “moves” the display of one slide to another.
It is the appearance or behavior of a slide when it id presented. Transitions usually include
dissolving from one slide to the next or the current slide being moved in some way to show the
next slide as though it was underneath. It is used to describe how the slides are displayed during
a presentation. It is also used to decide the speed and duration of the presentation.
5. Animation: Animation effects allow the various elements on each slide to appear after a certain
amount of time or when a presenter presses a button. It describes how the objects enter a slide
during a presentation and when the object enters the slide either on a mouse click or after a
certain period of time.
6. Design templates: This is a presentation feature used to change the appearance of the entire
presentation slides. It is used to make the slides have the same look.
7. Slide Show: Slide show is the process of displaying each page of a slide during presentation. It
is a full-screen display of each slide (page) in a presentation.
To start a slide show, simply click on “Slide show” from the menu bar and indicate which slide
to start with either from the beginning or from the current slide on the presentation page.
The shortcut key for starting s slide show in MS PowerPoint is the F5 key.

Multimedia Hardware devices used for presentations include:

1. Projector
2. Camera
3. Scanner
4. Speaker
5. Sound card
6. Projector screen
7. Webcam, etc.
Assignment 8
1. Explain the function of each devices used for presentations as mentioned above
2. Mention three (3) other devices that can be used for presentation that are not mentioned above.
WEEK NINE (9): PRESENTATION PACKAGES
Introduction to Microsoft PowerPoint

PowerPoint Operations
The following operations can be performed on MS PowerPoint.
i. Create a new presentation
ii. Insert text, pictures, graphics, audio, and video
iii. Animate contents
iv. Add a new slide
v. Save a presentation
vi. Run a slide show
vii. Print Presentation
viii. Close presentation

Creating, saving, and retrieving presentation files.

To start any presentation with PowerPoint, there is a need to adhere to the following:
i. Choose a topic and include sub-topics logically arranged
ii. Create your slide(s)
iii. Slide Animation
iv. Slide Transition
v. Slide Show
Assignment 9
Identify the types of Presentation views and master views available in MS PowerPoint and state
the significance (use) of each view

Hands-on-activity (Practical Class)

WEEK TEN (10): MARKETING I
Meaning of marketing
Marketing definition includes activities undertaken by a business establishment or an individual to
promote their services and products. 
Marketing is the process of getting people interested in your company's product or service. This
happens through market research, analysis, and understanding your ideal customer's interests.
Methods of marketing/Types of Marketing
1. Internet marketing also known as E-Commerce.
2. Blog marketing
3. Social media marketing
4. Print marketing
5. Search engine marketing
6. Video marketing
7. Public relations
8. Television and radio

Importance of marketing
1. Effective consumer engagement
2. Building and maintaining reputation
3. Building relationships between customers and business
4. Boosting sales
5. Staying relevant
6. Making informed decisions

Marketing distribution channels

A distribution channel is the network of individuals and organizations involved in getting a product
or service from the producer to the customer. Marketing distribution channels are also known
as marketing channels or  distribution channels.
These channels include:
1. Diresct Sales: Companies can sell products and services directly to customers through their
own stores, websites or merchant marketplaces. This arrangement works well for businesses
such as bakeries, who make products in the same location they sell them.
2. Retailer: Retailers include supermarkets, department stores, specialty stores and big-box
retailers. They sell goods to consumers directly in smaller quantity.
3. Independent Distributor: Independent distributors are agents who supply products to retailers.
Distributors are typically used as a link in the marketing distribution chain.
4. Reseller: Resellers are very similar to distributors, but they supply directly to customers rather
than retailers. Rather than purchasing and storing products as distributors do, resellers usually
 have online stores. They take commissions of the price on every sale. They then organize for
products to ship from the manufacturer or supplier directly to the customer.
5. Wholesaler: Wholesalers buy and sell goods in bulk, some wholesalers also sell directly to the
public through large open warehouses and online stores.
6. Intensive Distribution: Intensive distribution involves selling products through a large number
of different channels. This marketing distribution approach is commonly seen with inexpensive,
well-known products, such as soft drinks.
7. Exclusive Distribution: An exclusive distribution deal sees products and services are only
available from a single third-party distribution channel. While intensive distribution benefits
affordable products, exclusive distribution is a common option for luxury goods.
8. Selective Distribution: Selective distribution provides a middle-ground between intensive and
exclusive distribution.
Assignment 10
Identify and describe the seven (7) P’s of Marketing

WEEK ELEVEN (11): MARKETING II

Product Branding
Product branding is when marketers introduce a product to the public with its own unique identity.
This can be with the product name, logo, design—any aspect of the product that differentiates
itself from all else.
Branding is the use of a name, term, symbol or design to give a product a unique identity in the
marketplace. 

Product Packaging
Packaging is the act of designing and creating the container and wrapper for the product.
Package is the cover of the product that is used for storing, handling and protecting the
product from external factors like sunlight, moisture, breakage etc. Packaging makes the
product attractive and acts as an important tool of sales promotion. Attractive packages lure
the customers to buy the product. Packaging performs the basic function of holding the
product, protection, handling, storage, convenience in usage.
Packaging may be an art or science concerned with the development and use of materials,
methods and equipments for applying a product to a container or vice versa designed to
protect throughout the various stages of distribution.

Objectives of Product Packaging

Main objective of packaging is to deliver the product safely at the different stages and to
provide the consumers facilities of their usage and assurance for their conservation.
1. Physical protection – The objects enclosed in the package may require protection from,
among other things, mechanical shock, vibration, electrostatic discharge, compression,
temperature
2. Barrier protection – A barrier from oxygen, water vapour, dust, etc., is often required.
3. Containment or agglomeration – Small objects are typically grouped together in one
package for reasons of efficiency. For example, a single box of 1000 pencils requires less
physical handling than 1000 single pencils.
 4. Information transmission – Packages and labels communicate how to use, transport,
recycle, or dispose of the package, or product.
5. For Marketing purpose – The packaging and labels can be used by marketers to encourage
potential buyers to purchase the product. Package graphic design and physical design
have been important and constantly evolving phenomenon for several decades
6. Security – Packaging can play an important role in reducing the security risks of shipment.
7. For Convenience – Packages can have features that add convenience in distribution,
handling, stacking, display, sale, opening, reclosing, use, dispensing, reuse, recycling, and
ease of disposal.
8. Portion control – Single serving or single dosage packaging has a precise amount of
contents to control usage.
Factors to be considered for Packaging a product
a. Language
b. Package size
c. Container
d. Colour
e. Accpeted Norms
f. Length of Distribution channel
g. Climate

Costing
Product costing is a necessity not only for accountants but also for managers. Understanding the
costs related to manufacturing your products gives you the chance to determine optimal selling
prices and take steps toward cost reduction. Here is a simple guide to performing product costing.
Product costing is the process of calculating the costs incurred with manufacturing a single
product. This total cost includes the consumption of raw materials and components, labor, and
overhead allocated to a sole unit.

What is product pricing?

Product pricing is the process of determining the quantitative value of a product based on both
internal and external factors. Product pricing has a direct impact on the overall success of your
business, from cash flow to profit margins to customer demand.