ДЗ на 13.
02:
1) Переклад + аналіз твору
2) чи змінюються характери персонажів у перекладі? Яким чином? За рахунок
чого?
1) The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain
His aunt Polly stood surprised a moment, and then broke into a gentle laugh. “Hang
the boy, can’t I never learn anything? Ain’t he played me tricks enough like that for
me to be looking out for him by this time? But old fools is the biggest fools there is.
Can’t learn an old dog new tricks, as the saying is. But my goodness, he never plays
them alike, two days, and how is a body to know what’s coming? He ’pears to know
just how long he can torment me before I get my dander up, and he knows if he can
make out to put me off for a minute or make me laugh, it’s all down again and I can’t
hit him a lick. I ain’t doing my duty by that boy, and that’s the Lord’s truth, goodness
knows. Spare the rod and spile the child, as the Good Book says. I’m a laying up sin
and suffering for us both, I know. He’s full of the Old Scratch, but laws-a-me! he’s
my own dead sister’s boy, poor thing, and I ain’t got the heart to lash him, somehow.
Every time I let him off, my conscience does hurt me so, and every time I hit him my
old heart most breaks. Well-a-well, man that is born of woman is of few days and full
of trouble, as the Scripture says, and I reckon it’s so. He’ll play hookey this evening,1
and I’ll just be obleeged to make him work, tomorrow, to punish him. It’s mighty
hard to make him work Saturdays, when all the boys is having holiday, but he hates
work more than he hates anything else, and I’ve got to do some of my duty by him, or
I’ll be the ruination of the child.” Tom did play hookey, and he had a very good time.
He got back home barely in season to help Jim, the small colored boy, saw nextday’s
wood and split the kindlings before supper––at least he was there in time to tell his
adventures to Jim while Jim did three-fourths of the work. Tom’s younger brother (or
rather, half-brother) Sid, was already through with his part of the work (picking up
chips) for he was a quiet boy, and had no adventurous, troublesome ways. While Tom
was eating his supper, and stealing sugar as opportunity offered, Aunt Polly asked
him questions that were full of guile, and very deep––for she wanted to trap him into
damaging revealments. Like many other simple-hearted souls, it was her pet vanity to
believe she was endowed with a talent for dark and mysterious diplomacy.
The text that I am going to analyze is an extract from the novel “The Adventures of
Tom Sawyer” by Mark Twain (the translator is Yuriy Koretskiy). Mark Twain was an
American writer, humorist, entrepreneur, publisher, and lecturer. He was lauded as
the "greatest humorist the United States has produced", and William Faulkner called
him "the father of American literature".
First of all, let’s take into consideration lexical transformations. Talking about
formal transformations, there are 3 names mentioned in the text: Polly, Tom, Sid. We
can use transliteration (SL word or word combination is reproduced in the TL by a
letter-for-letter technique) and it will be Поллі, Том, Сід.
As for lexical semantic transformations, such a transformation as a modulation
(the word for word combination of the TL is the contextual equivalent of the SL
word) can be used here: broke into a gentle laugh - тихо засміялася; hang the boy -
оце то хлопець; he ’pears to know - він начебто знає; and that’s the Lord’s truth,
goodness knows - нічого гріха таїти; my old heart most breaks - жаль крає моє
старе серце; Well-a-well – ну що ж; he hates work more than he hates anything else
- роботу він ненавидить над усе в світі; barely in season - саме вчасно; there are
also examples of differentiation (the choice of a suitable word out of a number of
different dictionary meanings): did – справді; play hookey – байдикував; quiet –
смирний; concretization (providing in translation a word with narrower semantics
(hyponym) to substitute a ST word with wider semantics (hyperonym)): colored boy-
негреняті.
Lexical grammatical transformations are also used here, for example, antonymic
translation (the change of meaning of SL word to its opposite in TL): he never plays
them alike - він завжди придумає щось нове; сompression (omission of certain
words or word combinations of SL in the translation): stood surprised a moment - на
хвилину остовпіла; his aunt Polly - тітка Поллі; to make him work Saturdays, when
all the boys is having holiday - змушувати його працювати тоді, коли у всіх
хлопців свято.
2) Зазвичай характери персонажів можуть зазнавати змін у процесі перекладу,
особливо якщо мови, з яких і на яку перекладається, мають різні культурні
контексти та сприйняття світу. Характер персонажа може бути визначений його
мовою, діями, вчинками, поведінкою, а також взаємодією з іншими
персонажами.
При перекладі зазвичай змінюються не тільки мовні конструкції та
фразеологізми, а й відтінки змісту та семантики. Це може впливати на те, як
інтерпретуються дії та вчинки персонажів, їхні мотивації та характерні риси.
Наприклад, певні характеристики персонажів, що є невід’ємними частинами
культури та традицій певної країни або регіону, можуть бути втрачені в процесі
перекладу. Однак, досвідчені перекладачі зазвичай намагаються максимально
передати особливості характеру персонажів, щоб не порушувати авторський
задум та емоційну спрямованість оригінального тексту.
