4 Series Editors

Joan Kang Shin and

JoAnn (Jodi) Crandall

SECOND EDITION  •  GRAMMAR WORKBOOK

Unit 1 All in Our Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Unit 2 Fresh Food. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Unit 3 A Long Time Ago and Today. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Units 1–3 Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Unit 4 Get Well Soon!. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Unit 5 My Favourites. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Unit 6 Wonders of the Sea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Units 4–6 Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Unit 7 Good Idea!. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30

Unit 8 That’s Really Interesting!. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Unit 9 The Science of Fun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Units 7–9 Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Units 1–9 Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Australia • Brazil • Mexico • Singapore • United Kingdom • United States

 Unit 1

Comparatives with -er

I’m older you (are).

You’re older I am / me.
Keiko is taller / Masa.
than
She’s shorter he is / him.
My cat is cuter your cat.
Dogs are friendlier cats.
Add -er: tall taller old older short shorter
But: cute cuter friendly friendlier

1 Read and write. Complete the sentences.

1. Jon is taller (tall) than his sister.

2. My mum is (young) than my dad.

3. My dad is (strong) than I am.

4. My teacher is (happy) than his students.

5. Are dogs (friendly) than cats?

2 Read and write. Write the opposite to complete the sentences.

1. My mum is short. Your mum is taller than my mum.

2. My grandmother is old. Jake’s grandmother is my

grandmother.

3. Your school is small. My school is your school.

4. My brother’s hamster is big. My sister’s hamster is his

hamster.

5. My cat isn’t friendly at all. Your cat is my cat.

2
 3 Look and write. Complete the sentences to compare the people.

Grandpa Grandma Mum Dad Carlos

1. Grandpa is taller than Dad.

2. Carlos is Mum and Dad.

3. Mum is Grandma.

4. Carlos is Grandma.

5. Grandma is Grandpa.

6. Mum’s hair is than Grandma’s hair.

4 Write. Compare the people and things.

1. one of your parents / you

2. two family members

3. your best friend / you

4. your teacher / your mum

5. your favourite wild animal / your pet

3
 Present continuous for future plans
Question Answer
are you tonight? I’m I’m = I am
is she tomorrow? She’s to the She’s = She is
What doing going
on Sunday? shop.
are they They’re They’re = They are
after school?
Use be + verb + -ing to talk about a definite future plan: Tomorrow, I’m going to the shop.

1 Read and write. Use the words in the box.

 do  go  make  play  ride  shop  take

1. Nathan is playing football with his friends at five o’clock.

2. Grandma a cake this afternoon.

3. Keira and Nadia with their mum on Saturday morning.

4. The children the dog to the park this weekend.

5. When Fiona to the dentist?

2 Write. Use the words to say when people are doing these things.
1. My cousin / visit / me / at three o’clock
My cousin is visiting me at three o’clock.
2. I / play / tennis / on Saturday afternoon

3. The students / go / to the museum / on Friday

4. My brother / go by bus / to school / next week

5. What / Maria / do / tomorrow

4
 3 Look and write. Answer the questions.
Saturday Sunday
Lydia 9:00 go to swimming lesson 11:00 play tennis
11:00 shopping with Mum 5:00 visit Grandma
3:00 have picnic at the park

Saturday Sunday
Ivan 10:00 go to library 11:00 play tennis
11:00 go to guitar lesson 7:00 watch film
3:00 play football at the park

1. What is Lydia doing on Saturday at nine o’clock?

She’s going to her swimming lesson.
2. What are Lydia and Ivan doing on Sunday at eleven o’clock?

3. Where are Lydia and Ivan going on Saturday afternoon?

4. Who is Lydia visiting on Sunday afternoon?

5. What is Ivan doing on Sunday evening?

4 Write. Answer the questions about your weekend.

What are you doing on Saturday morning?

What are you doing on Sunday?

Are you visiting family this weekend?

5
 Unit 2
Have to

have to
I / You / We / They
don’t have to
cook dinner tomorrow.
has to
She / He
doesn’t have to

Question Answer
do they They have to cook lunch.
What have to do?
does he He has to wash the lettuce.

Use have to in the negative for all forms: Y

 ou don’t have to cook.
He doesn’t have to cook.

1 Read. Circle the correct answer.

My cousin Juan wants to have a vegetable garden. First, he has to / have to
ask his ­parents. Then, they have to / doesn’t have to buy seeds at the shop.
Juan don’t have to / has to choose the vegetables he wants to grow. Then, he
has to / have to dig and plant the seeds. What else does he have to /

do he have to do? Of course, he and his family doesn’t have to / have to

remember to water the garden. The vegetables have to / has to have water to
grow! Juan doesn’t have to / does have to pick all of the vegetables at once.
He can pick them as soon as they’re ready.

2 Read and write. The girl is growing a garden.

Complete the sentences.

1. She weed the garden.

2. She buy vegetables at the shop.

3. She water the plants.

6
 3 Read and write. Complete the sentences.

  drink    eat    go    sell    work

1. In the morning, my father has to drink a cup of coffee.

2. At the weekend, I to the supermarket with my mum.

3. In the summer, my grandparents in their garden.

4. In the morning, we a good breakfast.

5. Twice a week, my aunt her vegetables at the market.

4 Write. What does each person have to do at these times?

1. in the morning / my teacher

In the morning, my teacher has to come to school.
2. in the afternoon / I

3. in the evening / my parents

4. at the weekend / my best friend

5 Write. Imagine you’re interviewing a friend or family member about

what he / she has to do. Write two questions and answers.

What do you have to do in the morning? I have to do some exercise.

7
 Would like

Question Answer
What would you like? I’d like a sandwich, please. I’d = I would
for dinner? We’d like some rice and beans.
What would you like we’d = we would
to drink? Nothing, thanks.
some Yes, please.
Would you like
water? No, thanks.

Use would like to ask for something politely: I’d like …  We’d like …

1 Read and write. Complete the sentences. Tick the things that you
would like at the moment.

1.  I a glass of water.
2.  I some ice cream.
3.  I to go to the park.
4.  I to do my homework.
5.  I to talk to my friend.

2 Read and write. Complete the conversation.

Grandpa: like to go into the garden?

Jakub and Ana: Yes, please. Let’s go!

Grandpa: What you to do?

Jakub and Ana: We to plant seeds.

Grandpa:  you to pick some oranges?

Ana: Yes, please.

Grandma:  you to make some

orange juice?

Jakub and Ana: We that very much!

8
 3 Look and write. Complete the questions and answers.

1. What would she like for breakfast?

She ’d like some coffee .

2. What to eat?

They .

3. What to do?

Grandma .

4. What to play?

He .

4 Read and write. Answer the questions.

1. What would you like to have in your lunch box every day?

2. What would you like to have for dinner tonight?

3. What would you like to grow in a garden?

5 Write. You’re ordering lunch at a restaurant. Write the conversation.

Waiter:

  You:

Waiter:

  You:
9
 Unit 3
Contrast with but and instead

A long time ago, people used fire for light, but today they use electric lights.
A long time ago, people used fire for light. Today, they use electric lights instead.

Use a comma (,) before but.

Use instead at the end of the sentence.

1 Read. Complete the sentences with but or instead.

1. Many years ago, women wore long dresses, today many

women wear shorter dresses or trousers.

2. A long time ago, many young children worked. Today, they go to school
.

3. A long time ago, families had many children, now families

are smaller.

4. Many years ago, we grew our own food. Now we buy food from
­supermarkets .

2 Read and write. Rewrite the sentences without the underlined

word. Use but or instead.

1. A long time ago, people made their own clothes, but today people buy them.
A long time ago, people made their own clothes. Today, people buy them instead.
2. In 1900, people went by boat to other countries. Now they go by plane instead.

3. Many years ago, friends wrote letters on paper, but now friends send emails.

4. A long time ago, children played outside every day. Now they play inside instead.

10
 3 Look and write. Complete the sentences. Use but or instead.

1. A long time ago, families talked around a fire, but now

they talk on mobile phones.

2. Many years ago, people used candles at night.

3. Many years ago, children played card games,

START

4 Write. Complete the sentences.

1. watch TV / read books

When I was five, I watched TV every day. Now I read books instead.

2. walk / ride my bike

When I was four,

3. write by hand / use computers

Many years ago, people

5 Write. Complete the sentences. Use but or instead.

1. When I was younger,

2. Five years ago,

11
 Comparatives with more + adjective

History is interesting maths.

Cars are more expensive than bikes.
The new house is modern the old one.

Use more + adjective + than with …

•  some two-syllable adjectives (modern)
• all adjectives with three or more syllables (difficult, expensive, interesting)

1 Read. Complete the sentences to compare the two things.

  delicious   difficult   modern   old-fashioned

1. Food is more delicious today than it was 2,000 years ago.

2. Electric cars are than my parents’ car.

3. My grandma’s clothes are than my clothes.

4. A long time ago, travelling was than it is today.

2 Read and write. Answer the questions.

1. What’s more difficult – an English lesson or a science lesson?

A science lesson is more difficult than an English lesson.
2. What’s more delicious – biscuits or ice cream?

3. What’s more interesting – music or art?

4. What’s more beautiful – the mountains or the sea?

12
 3 Write. Make comparative sentences using a word from each column.

a computer delicious a pen and paper

electric lights exciting board games
computer games expensive candlelight
chocolate ice cream important cold soup
homework modern housework

1. A computer is more expensive than a pen and paper.

2.

3.

4.

5.

4 Write. Compare things you like. Use the words in the box.

 beautiful   
delicious   
difficult   expensive   
interesting   
modern

1. Two lessons

2. Two films

3. Two foods

4. Two animals

5. Two places

13
 Review: Units 1–3
1 Read. Circle the letter.

1. What are you doing on Monday?

a. I’m studying for a test. b. I have to study on Tuesday instead.
c. I’d like to study on Mondays. d. I don’t have to water the garden.
2. What would you like to eat?
a. I have to eat vegetables every day. b. Meat is more expensive than
vegetables.
c. I’m eating aubergine from the d. I’d like some green beans, please.
garden.
3. I’m not watering the garden this afternoon.
a. I’m waiting for rain instead. b. I have to water the garden every
afternoon.
c. But my brother always waters the d. I’m watering the garden instead.
garden.
4. Do you like eating onions?
a. Yes, I’d like to eat cabbage. b. No, I don’t, but I like cabbage.
c. I do like cabbage, but I have to eat d. Tomorrow I’m picking onions.
onions instead.

2 Read. Complete the sentences. Use have to or verb + –ing.

1. I’m (plant) some vegetables in my garden this weekend.

2. I’ve got some seeds. I (buy) them at the shop.

3. This afternoon, I’m (dig) the soil.

4. I (put) the seeds in the pot and cover them with soil.

5. Then I (water) the seeds.

6. Tomorrow I’m (weed) the garden.

7. When the vegetables are ready, I (pick) them.

14
 3 Read. Complete using the comparative form of the word in brackets.

When I was (young) than I am today, I had

(curly) hair. I went to school, but I finished
school at the age of fifteen. I started to work, which was
­(interesting) to me. I didn’t have a bike. I
walked to work instead. The town was much
(small) then. Today, it’s (difficult) to walk across town. Now
it’s (modern) with lots of tall, new buildings.

4 Read and write. Answer Marc’s email.

To: Dora Smith To: Marc Jones
From: Marc Jones From: Dora Smith
Subject: Today Re: Today

Hi Dora, Hi Marc,
What are you doing this morning? This morning I .
What chores do you have to do? I .
Would you like to go to the cinema?
I .
Or would you like to play tennis instead?
Let’s meet at the bus stop at two o’clock.
Let me know!
See you then,
Marc
Dora

5 Write. Write an email to ask your friend about what he / she is

doing, has to do and would like to do this weekend. Use the email
from Activity 4 as a model.

15
 Unit 4
Advice with should

I / You / He / She should study for the test. shouldn’t =

We / They shouldn’t stay inside all day. should not

Question Answer
She should stay in bed.
What should she do?
She shouldn’t go to school.
Ling is ill.
at Yes, she should.
Should she stay
home? No, she shouldn’t.

Use should or shouldn’t to ask for and give advice.

1 Read. Circle the correct answer.

1. Tom’s sneezing a lot. He should / shouldn’t use a tissue.

2. I’ve got a temperature. I think I should / shouldn’t go to bed.

3. The children are all tired. They should / shouldn’t go outside to play.

4. Where should / shouldn’t we put our first aid kit?

2 Read. Write one answer with should and one with shouldn’t.

1. All of the students have got muddy hands.

a. They wash b. T hey eat their
their hands. snacks with muddy hands.
2. Hannah visits the dentist a lot.
a. She eat b. She brush her
sweets. teeth two times a day.
3. My brother eats a lot of junk food.
a. He do more b. He sit on the
exercise. sofa all day.
16
 3 Write. Put the words in order to make sentences. Give good advice.

1. should(n’t) / fell over / Julia / get / the first aid kit / because / she

2. should(n’t) / to / bed / go / Marco / because / ’s got / a temperature / he

3. should(n’t) / you / ’ve got / cake / if / eat / a stomach ache / you

4 Look. Write questions and answers.

1. What should I do?

You should get a first aid kit.

Me

2.

Lee

3.

My sister

4.

My mum

5 Write. How can you take care of yourself? Write three things. Use
should and shouldn’t.

17
 Reflexive pronouns
I myself
You yourself
She herself
burnt on the cooker.
He himself
We ourselves
They themselves
The dog hurt itself with a stick.

Look at the difference: I hurt myself. = I hurt my own body.

I made the first aid kit by myself. = I made the first aid kit alone. No one helped me.

1 Read. Circle the correct letter.

1. I scratched .
a. myself b. yourself c. himself
2. Did you burn ?
a. ourselves b. themselves c. yourself
3. We live by .
a. yourselves b. ourselves c. themselves
4. The cat can take care of .
a. yourself b. itself c. myself

2 Read and write. Use the words in the box.

 herself myself themselves yourself

1. Can you help me put this bandage on?

I’m busy right now. Can you please do it ?
2. Look how fast they can pedal on their bikes!
They should be careful! They’ll hurt .
3. She hasn’t got a costume to wear for the party.
She can make one .
18
 3 Read and write. Use the correct form of the verbs in the box and
reflexive pronouns.

 burn   cut   dry   hurt   take care of

1. Don’t worry about Toby and me. We can take care of ourselves .

2. Timmy when he made the campfire.

3. Elsa fell off her bike, but she didn’t .

4. The children got out of the pool and with a towel.

5. I with scissors. I should be more careful!

4 Read and write.

1. Did their mum make dinner? No, they made dinner themselves.

2. Does your dad make your bed? No, I

3. Did your grandmother make the cake? No, we

4. Do you wash your cat? No, it

5 Write. What things can you do by yourself? What do you like doing
by yourself? Write four sentences.
I can get dressed by myself. I like reading by myself.

19
 Unit 5
Superlatives with -est and most
I’m shortest student in my class.
He’s tallest actor on TV.
She’s the funniest person I know.
It’s most popular food on the menu.
They’re most famous football players in the world.

One syllable: short → the shortest  tall → the tallest

Two syllables ending in y: funny → the funniest
Two or more syllables: famous → the most famous  popular → the most popular

1 Write. Put the correct form of the words in the correct column.

amazing   brave     cool    cute     famous

funny    interesting   pretty   talented   wonderful

–est / –iest the most …

the coolest the most famous

2 Read and write. Complete the sentences.

1. I think snakes are the most interesting (interesting) animal of all.

2. My grandparents think Switzerland is (pretty) country.

3. This big history book is (boring) book in the library.

20
 3 Read. Complete the sentences.

1. The Queen of England is a famous person.

She’s one of the most famous people in the world.

2. Lionel Messi is a talented football player.

He’s  I know.

3. Star Wars is an amazing film.

I think it’s  on TV.

4. Venice is an interesting city.

It’s  in the world.

5. A hamster is a cute pet.

My brother says it’s  in our family.

4 Write. Give your opinion.

1. cute / animal Kittens are the cutest animal I know.

2. strong / superhero 

3. beautiful / place 

4. funny / family member 

5. interesting / subject 

6. great / book 

21
 Irregular comparatives and superlatives
My cooking is good / bad.
Volleyball is better / worse than basketball.
Green peppers are the best / the worst pizza topping.
The words good and bad have got different comparative and superlative forms.

1 Read. Circle the correct word.

I think my dog Rover is the best / better dog in
the world! He’s my worst / best friend. He’s ­cleverer
than other dogs. He’s also very worse / good at
­swimming. Rover can swim across the river, no problem!
He loves playing with a ball. He’s better / the worst at
catching than I am. He’s faster at running, too.
But sometimes Rover can do the best / bad things.
He loves eating my shoes! This is not a good / ­better thing to do. Now my shoes look
the worse / the worst of all the students in my class. Rover may do bad / worst
things, but I still think that he’s the better / best pet!

2 Read. Complete the sentences.

1. Tanya is the worst friend of all. I fell off my bike and she didn’t
even help me!

2. Today I’m really ill. I feel than I did yesterday.

3. I’m at playing computer games than my dad. He isn’t

very good.

4. Baseball is sport in the world. It’s so fun!

5. thing about onions is that they make you cry.

22
 3 Look at one student’s opinions. Then write comparisons.

J K L
sport football basketball baseball

food chocolate ice cream tomato soup onions

pets dog hamster goldfish

1. sport
Football is the best sport! It’s better than basketball. Baseball is the worst!
It’s so boring.
2. food

3. pets

4 Write. Now complete the table with your opinions. Then write
sentences.

J K L
sport

food

pets

23
 Unit 6
Have to, must, can’t and don’t
must
We come to school on time.
have to

You can’t / mustn’t can’t = can not

rubbish in the
throw mustn’t = must not
Don’t street.
don’t = do not

To talk about rules, use must, have to, can’t, mustn’t and don’t.

1 Look and read. Circle the correct answer.

1. Everyone has to / can’t pick up their rubbish.

2. We must / can’t recycle our plastic bottles.

3. People have to / mustn’t fish in the river.

4. You must / can’t use your phone in the cinema.

2 Read and draw. 

1. Y
 ou mustn’t touch the 2. W
 e have to use 3. Don’t pollute the sea!
turtles. refillable water bottles.
24
 3 Read and write. Use the words in the box.

 can’t  has to  have to  must  mustn’t

1. We’re at the beach.

We have to protect the sea creatures. throw rubbish in
the sea. wear a swimming costume.

2. He’s at a restaurant.
throw food on the floor. choose his lunch.
bring his cat.

3. They’re at the zoo.

see the dolphins. miss the octopus.
touch the shark.

4. You’re at home.
get up early for school. go to bed after eleven
o’clock. make breakfast by myself.

4 Read and write. Answer the questions. 

1. What must you do every day?

2. What do you have to do tomorrow?

3. What mustn’t you do at school?

4. What can’t you do before breakfast?

25
 Future with will and won’t
we will know more about the sea floor. won’t =
In the future,
people won’t drive cars. will not

Question Answer
in the We’ll live in crowded cities.
Where will we
future? We won’t live in small towns. we’ll =
live
Yes, they will. we will
Will people longer?
No, they won’t.

When you aren’t 100% sure, use maybe.

In the future, will people live longer? Maybe.

1 Read. Circle the letter of the sentence that describes the future.
1. a. We are overfishing and it’s hurting the seas and oceans.
b. I won’t pollute the seas and oceans.
2. a. An oil spill will affect the animals in the sea.
b. Pollution affects sea creatures.
3. a. Will the children pick up the rubbish on the beach?
b. Do you always recycle your plastic bottles?
4. a. I want to live under the sea.
b. People won’t live under the sea.

2 Put the words in order to make sentences. Look at pages 94–95

of your Student’s Book.
1. top layer / will / near / the / of / the / dolphins / swim / water
Dolphins will swim near the top layer of the water.
2. oil spills / sea / harm / will / life

3. water’s / creatures / middle layer / the / most / live / won’t / in

4. sunlight / won’t / bottom / the / of / the / sea / reach

26
 3 Read and write.

1. Robots will help (help) us with our work.

2. Tankers (not transport) oil across the seas and oceans.
3. There (not be) rubbish in the sea in 100 years.
4. We (not use) plastic bottles or plastic bags.
5. People (take care of) the seas and oceans better than they
do now.

4 Look at the Green Team’s plan.  Answer the questions.

The Green Team will …

✓ clean up river banks. ✓ use bicycles not cars.
✓ make ‘Keep It Clean’ posters. ✓ camp in the park near the river.
✓ invite people who live nearby
to help.

1. What will the Green Team do next? They will clean up the river banks.
2. Will they clean up the beaches?
3. What will they write on their posters?
4. Who will help them?
5. Will they travel in cars?
6. Where will they camp?

5 Write. What are four things you’ll do to protect the planet? Use will
and won’t.

27
 Review: Units 4–6
1 Read. Circle the correct answer.

Serena Williams is one of more famous / the most famous tennis players
in the world. Williams is more talented / most talented than many other
tennis players. She has won a lot of competitions, including gold medals at the
Olympic Games. As a professional athlete, Williams must / mustn’t take care of
herself. Of course, she also has to / must not practise often.
Serena’s sister, Venus Williams, is also a popular / most popular and
talented tennis player. Sometimes the sisters play together and sometimes
they play against each other. They are both amazing / more amazing!

2 Read. Circle the correct letter.

1. Is Rafael Nadal a good tennis player?

a. He’s one of the tennis players.  b. He shouldn’t play tennis.
c. He’s one of the best tennis d. He’s a better tennis player.
players in the world.
2. Did your mum make this cake? It’s delicious.
a. No, she made it herself.  b. Yes, I made it myself.
c. No, she didn’t. I made it myself. d. Yes, by itself.
3. I feel ill. What should I do?
 a. You should stay at home. b. Don’t feel ill.
c. You shouldn’t feel ill. d. You won’t feel ill.
4. What will happen to our seas and oceans?
a. They shouldn’t be polluted. b. We have to stop oil spills.
 c. We should continue overfishing. d. T
 hey will become more
polluted.

28
 3 Read and write. Use the words in the box.

can’t       
must       mustn’t      will      won’t

1. Don’t eat too much chocolate or you get a toothache.

2. If you’ve got a bad cut, you put a bandage on it.
3. You should eat lots of fruit and vegetables. Then you get a cold.
4. If it’s a very hot day, you forget to bring water with you.
5. I go to the party if I’m ill.

4 Look and write. Compare the three items. Use the words in the
box or any others you choose. 
amazing better / best dangerous delicious
friendly popular good worse / worst

1.

2.

5 Write. Write about an activity that you do. Then give advice about
it. Use the words in the box.

best / better  most  myself  should(n’t)   will / won’t

29
 Unit 7
Used to for past habits
I I watch TV inside.
These
She used to play outside. she watches TV inside.
days
Children they watch TV inside.
My friend didn’t use to have a computer. Now he’s got one.

Question Answer
Where did you use to play? I used to play in the park.
Did you use to play in the park? Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.

Used to is different from be + used to.

I used to do homework at night = I did this regularly in the past, but I don’t do it anymore.
I am used to doing homework at night = I do this regularly. It isn’t a problem for me.

1 Read. Circle the correct answer.

1. How did children used to / use to play?

2. People didn’t used to / use to have computers.

3. People used to / use to watch TV in black and white.

4. Did your grandparents used to / use to have a black and white TV?

2 Read and write. Complete the conversations.

1. How did people use to wash (wash) their clothes?
They didn’t use to have (not have) washing machines. They
(wash) their clothes by hand.

2. How people (have) a bath?

They (not have) water in their houses. They
(wash) themselves in the river.

30
 3 Look and write. Complete the sentences about Jamie.

At six years old Now

home flat house
sport football basketball
favourite food grapes biscuits
pet hamster dog
hobby colour pictures take photos

1. Jamie used to live in a flat. He didn’t use to live in a house.

2. He colour pictures. He take photos.

3. He a hamster. He a dog.

4. He football. He basketball.

5. His favourite food grapes. It biscuits.

4 Write. Complete the table for you. What used to be different?

Choose categories and write sentences.

At six years old Now

I used to have long hair. I didn’t use to wear glasses.

31
 You for general statements
Question Answer
What can do on this computer? You can play games and do homework.
you
How do make vegetable soup? First, you wash the vegetables. Then you ...

you = people (in general)

1 Rewrite the sentences. Use you instead of the underlined words.

1. People should recycle batteries.

2. All of the workers must wear protective clothes.

3. Students don’t have to use scissors.

4. Families can’t feed the animals at the zoo.

2 Put the words in order to make sentences. Circle the number for
sentences that are not about people in general.

1. should / plastic / you / recycle

2. my / help / bike / fix / you / me / can?

3. drink / to / you / water / need

4. scooter / should / a / you / new / get

32
 3 Look and write. What do you use each item for? Write a sentence
with you.

1.

2.

3.

4.

4 Draw an invention. Answer the questions.

1. What is it? 

2. When do you use it? 

3. How do you use it? 

4. Why do you use it? 

5 Write. Choose an object from the box. Explain how, when and why
you use it.

 battery  bicycle  computer  first aid kit  scissors  cooker

33
 Unit 8
Describing people with who
I’ve got a classmate. She likes maths.
I’ve got a classmate who likes maths.
Mateo has got two friends. They play basketball. You can use who in
Mateo has got two friends who play basketball. a sentence to give
The girl is clever. She sits next to me. more information
about the people in it.
The girl who sits next to me is clever.
The people are Canadian. They live next door.
The people who live next door are Canadian.

1 Read. Complete the sentences with who where it is necessary.

If who isn’t necessary, write X.

1. The children play computer games together like to compete.

2. The children are competing in the contest.

3. The boy knows how to play every computer game well.

4. The boy gave me this controller lives opposite us.

2 Read. Rewrite as one sentence.

1. My brother is a good swimmer. He loves diving.

My brother is a good swimmer who loves diving.
2. My mum is a baker. She makes delicious cakes.

3. Abigail is a fast runner. She competes in sports.

4. Bai is a creative person. He’s got a great imagination.

34
 3 Write. Write a sentence about each student’s interests.

1. Akira / play in a music group

Akira is a student who plays in a music group.
2. Rafa / enjoy taking care of animals

3. Kalinda / take beautiful photos

4. Jed / play baseball

5. Pablo / be good at maths

4 Write. Complete the sentences. Use who.

1. A teacher is a person who helps students learn.

2. A doctor is someone

3. A basketball player is an athlete

4. My parents are people

5. My best friend is someone

6. Do you know a person

5 Write. Write about two people. Use who and a word in the box.

 be  collect  enjoy  help  listen  play  work

My brother is a person who enjoys inventing things.

35
 Direct and indirect objects
Sara gave the pencil. to me
Sara gave me the pencil. Object pronouns:
me, you, her, him,
My brother made breakfast for us. us, them
My brother made us breakfast.

The two sentences mean the same thing.

Sara gave the pencil to me. = Sara gave me the pencil.
With make and buy, use for: Our teacher made / bought breakfast for us.

1 Read. Draw lines to match the sentences with the same meaning.

1. I showed my games to Nadia. a. She bought him some games.

2. Nadia gave her games to me. b. I sent them two games.
3. I sent two games to Beto and c. He sold her some games.
Nadia. d. She gave me her games.
4. Beto sold some games to Nadia. e. He sent us some games.
5. Beto sent some games to me and f. I showed her my games.
Nadia.
6. Nadia bought some games
for Beto.

2 Read. Replace the underlined word(s).

her
1. My friends bought a dinosaur for Monica.

2. She showed the photo to her friends.

3. I sent an email to my brother.

4. We found some old comics for Ana and Ivan.

5. The children made a cake for me and Katherine.

6. I played a computer game with my sister.

36
 3 Rewrite the sentences. Use her, them and us.

1. Lea made Grandma a birthday card.

2. Uncle Jon bought Clara and me some presents.

3. Bela gave the scientists the fossils she found.

4 Write. Rewrite each sentence from Activity 3. Use to or for.

1. 

2. 

3. 

5 Read and write. Answer the questions.

1. What did your friend give you for your birthday?

My friend gave me a book for my birthday.
2. What clothing did your mum buy for you before school started?

3. What object did a teacher show students in your science lesson this week?

4. What did you make for someone in your family?

5. Who did you send an email to this month?

37
 Unit 9
Cause and effect with double comparatives
The more she reads, the more she learns.
The more I think about the problem, the more I worry about it.
The more you push the swing, the higher it goes.
The more we practise English, the better we will speak.

In each sentence, the first action causes the second action.

The more she reads, the more she learns.
first action second action
You can also use will with the second action.
The more she reads, the more she will learn.

1 Read and match. Draw a line.

1. The faster you pedal, a. the more you can do in the
2. The harder I push my foot down, morning.
3. The earlier you get up, b. the faster you’ll get to school.
4. The more time they spend at c. the hungrier I am.
the park, d. the more fun they will have.
5. The less I eat, e. the faster my scooter goes.

2 Read. Tick T for True or F for False. Then correct the false
sentences.
faster
1. The slower she spins, the more difficult it is to stop. T
    ✓
F

2. The less sugar you eat, the worse your teeth will be. T
    F

3. The earlier you go to bed, the less tired you will feel. T
    F

4. The less he pushes his friend, the higher he will go. T

   F

5. The more we stretch our muscles, the worse we will run. T

    F

6. The more force you use, the higher the ball goes. T
   F

38
 3 Read and write. Complete the sentences. Use the words in
the box.

 better  cleaner  faster  harder  higher worse

1. The stronger the wind is, the higher the kite goes.

2. The less you practise, the it is to win.

3. The dizzier she gets, the she feels.

4. The more he pedals, the he goes.

5. The more we recycle, the the world will be.

6. The more you exercise, the you feel.

4 Read and write. Complete the sentences.

1. The more you water your flowers, .

2. The less I talk, .

3. The more you eat vegetables, .

4. The longer we play, .

5 Write. Write about your own activities. Use the words in the box.
The more I watch TV, the less I study.
better less
earlier longer
faster more
harder sooner
later worse

39
 Definitions with which

Gravity is a force. It pulls you towards the earth.

Gravity is a force which pulls you towards the earth.
A carnivore is an animal. It eats meat.
You can use
A carnivore is an animal which eats meat. which to combine
Skates are special shoes. You wear them to go ice skating. sentences.
Skates are special shoes which you wear to go ice skating.
Honey is a sweet food. Bees make it.
Honey is a sweet food which bees make.

1 Read. Write which when necessary. If which isn’t necessary, write X.

1. Gravity pulls you towards the centre of the earth.

2. Gravity is the force holds everything in place.

3. Tennis is a sport needs two or four people.

4. I play tennis with three of my school friends.

5. Pedalling makes a bicycle move.

2 Write. Use which and the words provided.

1. ice cream / sweet food / eat when it’s hot outside.
Ice cream is a sweet food which you eat when it’s hot outside.
2. felt tip pens / objects / use to colour pictures

3. basketball / sport / play with an orange ball

4. butterfly / insect / have got beautiful wings

5. swing / object / move backwards and forwards

40
 3 Write. Complete the sentences using which.

1. A computer is an invention which we use all the time .

2. is an object .

3. is a language .

4. is a sport .

5. is a game .

6. is a fruit .

4 Look and write. Describe each object using which.

1. A toothbrush is an object which you use to clean

your teeth.

2.

3.

4.

5 Write. Choose an object in your classroom. Write three clues to

describe it. Use which.

41
 Review: Units 7–9
1 Read. Circle the correct letter.

1. She is the teacher told me to study more.

a. which b. who c. to

2. The more she sings, the she is.

a. happier b. more c. less

3. They be our neighbours.

a. use to b. used c. used to

4. An email is a message you send from your computer.

a. when b. which c. who

5. She bought a book because she knows I love reading.

a. for me b. to me c. me

6. I to eat broccoli, but now I love it.

a. used b. didn’t used c. didn’t use

7. You should send a text.

a. Mauricio b. to Mauricio c. for Mauricio

8. add the numbers together to get the total.

a. Your b. You c. Who

2 Write. Complete the sentences with who or which.

1. A quill is something people used to write with.

2. He’s a boy has got a lot of hobbies.

3. The friends are coming to lunch today are from Italy.

4. Friction is a force causes a moving object to slow down.

42
 3 Read. Complete the story. Use the words in the box.

 didn’t use to   

for   
less   
them   
used to   
which   
who   
you

Nala and Talib walk for two hours to school every

day when they were children. Their parents were farmers
lived in a small village. Their home was far from the school, so the earlier
they got up, the they had to hurry. Their mother used to
make food them to take on their long journey. Their father
told every day to be careful. Each child had a backpack
was filled with heavy books. They stop at
all because they knew the rule: had to be in your seat before
the teacher came into the classroom.

4 Read. Rewrite the sentences. Use the words in brackets.

1. When I was younger, I played card games with my cousins. (used to / use to)

2. My brother made me a new avatar. (for )

3. In the past, people didn’t play computer games. (used to / use to)

4. He gave me a fossil from his collection. (to )

5 Write. Complete the sentences about yourself.

1. The harder I

2. The more my teacher

3. The better I
43
 Review: Units 1–9
1 Read. Circle the correct answer to each question.
1. What would you like?
a. I like strawberries. b. I’d like a chicken salad.
2. What does she have to do tomorrow?
a. She’s got a beautiful garden. b. She has to water the garden.
3. I’ve got a scratch. What should I do?
a. You should wash it with soap and water. b. We must scratch ourselves.
4. Did she send the letter to her brother?
a. Yes, she sent him the letter. b. No, he didn’t send her the letter.
5. What did people use to do in their spare time?
a. They used games. b. They used to play games.
6. What are they doing this weekend?
a. They’re watching the baseball game. b. They usually watch baseball.
7. Will we have computers in our bodies in the future?
a. No, we don’t. b. No, we won’t.
8. What do you need to be an inventor?
a. You need creativity and imagination. b. You are a creative person.

2 Read. Circle the correct answer.

1. Do they should / have to compete to win the game?
2. The winner must / don’t get the highest score.
3. I like / would like to learn more about this invention.
4. I can’t / have to read my comics when I’ve got homework.
5. We should / mustn’t touch the paintings in the museum.
6. You must / shouldn’t go on roller coasters if you feel dizzy.

44
 3 Read and write. Use the words in brackets.
1. Sea sponges are much (amazing) than my plants at home.
2. Coral reefs are (beautiful) places in the sea.
3. The pollution in our seas is (bad) than ever before.
4. The more you swim, (strong) you will be.
5. The more I read about the sea, (good) I understand it.

4 Read. Complete the paragraph. Use the words in the box.

didn’t use to     herself     is selling     the more    

myself used to which who will

My aunt is a person loves to help others. Tomorrow she

her delicious bread to neighbours and friends. The more
bread she sells, money she will make. She
give this money to a local school. My aunt sell her bread to
everybody. She have an electric cooker. She had a very big
wood-burning stove instead needed a lot of wood to burn.
My aunt burnt so often in those days. I’m helping her make
the bread for tomorrow – I hope I don’t burn !

5 Read and write. Change the underlined parts of each sentence.

Don’t change the meaning. 
1. My little sister got a cut on her body.

2. I used to collect seashells, but now I like to go swimming.

3. The girl has got long hair and she is my best friend.

4. The students told their teacher their ideas.

45
 6 Look and write. Complete the sentences. Use who or which.
 
1. Marco is a boy  .

2. She is using a machine .

3. Draughts is a game .

7 Write. Think of a family member. Answer the questions. 

1. What are you doing the next time you see this person?

2. What did this person use to do in the past?

3. Compare this person to yourself. Write two sentences.

8 Write. Write a paragraph about yourself. Describe your past, your

present and your future. Use the words in the box. 

good   have to  instead  the (more)  must

myself  should   used to  who      
will

46
GAME
Do the puzzle.  Write the words. Then write the secret message.
6.

7. 9.

11. 13.

2. 5.

4. 8.
‘
1. 3. 10. 12.

 1. need an imagination to invent things.

  2. The boy broke his leg is wearing a cast.
  3. I love teddy bears when I was younger.
  4. You throw your rubbish into the sea.
  5. An oil spill is one of the things that can happen to our seas
and oceans.
  6. Can you make the cake or would you like me to help you?
  7. In my opinion, people be able to explore all the world’s seas
and oceans. They’re too big!
  8. An octopus is an animal has got eight legs.
  9. Gina doesn’t collect fossils. She collects seashells .
10. I haven’t got a temperature, I’ve got a bad cold.
11. The you pedal, the faster you go.
12. He is very creative. We buy him a camera for his birthday.
13. We protect our seas and oceans and the creatures that live in them.

The secret message is: _ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _ _!

47