The Central PWD is the agency of the Central Government operating throughout the

country for:
(i) Planning, construction, maintenance and repairs of all works and buildings financed
from Civil Works Budget. These do not include works pertaining to certain departments
and Ministries who have their own engineering wing, or who have been granted special
exemption, such as the Atomic Energy Department, Central Water Commission,
Department of Posts, All India Radio, Department of Space, and Railway. The
Department executes the works of Ministries of Defence, External Affairs (for works
outside India), Shipping and Surface Transport (Roads Wing), as and when asked for.
(ii) Estate work at places where the Directorate of Estates does not have its offices.
(iii) Valuation of properties/assets under Income Tax Act as and when requested by
Income Taxndepartment.
(iv) Assessment of rent for hiring of properties and assessment of value of properties for
purchase by various Ministries/Department of Govt. of India.
(v) Advising Govt. of India on various Technical matters relating to public works.
1.3 Classification of works
The works undertaken by CPWD are classified as follows:
1.3.1 Original Works
These shall mean:
(i) all new constructions,
(ii) all types of additions, alterations and/or special repairs to newly acquired assets,
abandoned or damaged assets that are required to make them workable .
(iii) major replacements or remodeling of a portion of an existing structure or installation
or other works, which results in a genuine increase in the life and value of the property.
1.3.2 Repairs and maintenance works
These cover operations undertaken to maintain the assets in a proper condition and
include maintenance and operation of all services. The "Repairs" are further classified
into two categories as follows:
(i) Annual repairs: These cover the routine as well as yearly operation and
maintenance works.
(ii) Special repairs: These cover major repair or replacement or remodeling of a portion
of an existing structure or installation or other works due to major breakdowns, or
deterioration, or periodic renewal, which do not result in a genuine increase in the value
of the property.
1.4 Classification as per funding of works
(1) The funding of any work falls under one of the following categories:
1.4.1 Budgeted works: These are works that are undertaken under an outlay that is
provided wholly from the financial estimates and accounts of the Union of India that are
laid before and voted by both the Houses of Parliament.
1.4.2 Deposit works: These works are undertaken at the discretion of the department.
Outlay for these works is either provided from Government grants to autonomous or
semi-autonomous bodies or institutions through their Administrative Ministries, or is
financed from non-Government sources wholly or in part from:
(i) funds of a public nature, but not included in the financial estimates and accounts of
the Union of India,
(ii) contributions from the public.
2.1 Pre-requisites for execution of works
(1) There are four main stages as follows in the execution of a work:
(i) Administrative approval
(ii) Expenditure sanction
(iii) Technical sanction
(iv) Availability of funds.
(2) No work should normally be commenced or any liability thereon incurred until an
administrative approval has been obtained, a properly prepared detailed estimate has
been technically sanctioned and where necessary expenditure sanction has been
accorded and allotment of funds made.
2.3 Administrative approval
"Administrative approval" is the communication of formal acceptance of the proposals
by the competent authority of the Administrative Ministry/Department requiring the work.
2.3.1 Accord of administrative approval
(a) The concurrence of the competent authority of the Administrative
Ministry/Department requisitioning the work should be obtained to the Preliminary
Estimate for the work. However, no such concurrence is required for normal repairs and
maintenance works.
(b) The Preliminary Estimate should be framed or countersigned by the authority as
specified in para 4.1.4 of the Manual, and sent in triplicate to the Administrative
Ministry/Department requisitioning the work. The requisitioning authority shall be
requested to return one copy of the estimate, duly countersigned in token of
acceptance, while communicating the administrative approval.
(c) One copy of the administrative approval shall be endorsed to the concerned
Accounts Officer.
2.3.5 Excess over administrative approval
Excess up to 10% of the amount of the administrative approval may be authorised by
Officers of the CPWD, up to their respective powers of technical sanction. In case it
exceeds this limit, a revised administrative approval must be obtained from the authority
competent to approve the cost so enhanced. No revised administrative approval is,
however, necessary if the excess is covered by the requisite expenditure sanction.
2.4 Expenditure sanction
(a) Expenditure sanction is to be accorded by the Administrative Ministry/Department to
indicate that funds for the project/work have been provided, and liability can be incurred.
(b) An order of appropriation or re-appropriation of funds shall operate as sanction to
incur expenditure on minor works, and it shall not be necessary to issue any formal
order conveying sanction to incur expenditure in such cases.
2.5 Technical sanction
A "technical sanction" amounts to a guarantee that the proposals are technically sound,
and that the estimates are accurately prepared and are based on adequate data.
2.5.1 Accord of technical sanction
(a) After receipt of administrative approval and expenditure sanction, detailed estimates
are required to be prepared for technical sanction. The technical sanction should be
accorded by the competent authority before a work is taken in hand. In case of revised
estimates, it is not necessary to wait for the revised administrative approval or the
revised expenditure sanction to accord revised technical sanction.
(c) Before an estimate is technically sanctioned, the following shall be desirable:
(i) Detailed architectural drawings and specifications.
(ii) Preliminary structural drawings for foundations
(iii) Preliminary structural drawings of superstructure at least upto slab at level 2
(iv) Preliminary drawings for internal and external services.
e) For various types of buildings, the economic life shall be taken as below:
(i) Monumental structures 100 years
(ii) RCC framed structures 75 years
(iii) Load bearing structures 55 years
(iv) Semi permanent structures 30 years
Economic life of various internal Services/fixtures including electric wiring, water supply
distribution system may vary from 15 to 25 years depending upon the geographical
location, type of the services and its uses.
2.5.2 Deviation in Technical Sanction
(1) The technical sanction can be exceeded upto 10% beyond which revised 'technical
sanction' shall be necessary.
2.6 Appropriations and re-appropriations
(1) Appropriation means assignment to meet specified expenditure of funds included in
a primary unit of appropriation. Re-appropriation means the transfer of funds from one
unit of appropriation to another under such unit. It is a fundamental principle that no
outlay on a work shall be incurred without funds having been allotted for it by
appropriation or re-appropriation
2.7 'Pre-construction' and 'construction' stages
The execution of a project/work has two stages, viz. the 'Pre-construction stage' and the
'Construction stage'. The following activities are involved in these stages:
(1) Pre-construction stage: -
(i) Requisition from the client.
(ii) Preparation of site/soil data, and assessment of feasibility of services such as water
supply, electricity, drainage and sewerage etc.
(iii) Discussions with the client to assess and appreciate their requirements,
incorporation of the same and preparation of preliminary plans.
(iv) Approval of the preliminary plans by the client.
(v) Preparation of preliminary estimate.
(vi) Approval of the preliminary estimate by the client.
(vii) Preparation of architectural drawings and review with client and modification of
drawings, if required.
(viii) Preparation and submission of the plans to the Local Bodies for their approval.
(ix) Approval of plans by the Local Bodies.
(x) Preparation of preliminary structural sizes.
(xi) Preparation of services drawings.
(xii) Preparation of detailed working drawings.
(xiii) Preparation of detailed estimates for buildings and all services (civil, electrical and
mechanical).
(xiv) Preparation of NIT and call of pre-qualification applications, wherever applicable.
(xv) Preparation of structural drawings.
(xvi) Selection of contractors from the pre-qualification applications wherever applicable.
(xvii) Call of tenders and pre-bid conference wherever applicable.
(xviii)Receipt/Opening of tenders
(xix) Decision on tender and award of work.
(2) Construction stage:-
(i) Execution of work and contract management.
(ii) Completion of work.
(iii) Testing and commissioning.
(iv) Completion certificate from Local Body including fire clearance..
(v) Handing over to client.
(vi) Settlement of accounts.
DEPOSIT WORKS
3.1 Definition
(1) The term 'Deposit Works' is applied to works of construction or repairs and
maintenance, the cost of which is met out of Government grants to autonomous or
semi-autonomous bodies or institutions through their Administrative Ministries, or is
financed from non-Government sources wholly or partly from:-
(a) Funds of public nature, but not included in the financial estimates and accounts of
the Union of India.
(b) Contributions from the public.
The funds may either be deposited in cash or otherwise placed at the disposal of the
Divisional Officer.
PREPARATION OF ESTIMATES
4.1 Preliminary Estimate
(1) Preliminary estimate is to be prepared on the basis of plinth area or length of road
etc. worked out on the rate per unit area/length/number, or such other method adopted
for ready and rough calculation, so as to give an idea of the approximate cost involved
in the proposal.
(2) The preliminary estimate shall be prepared on the basis of the preliminary drawings
and specification prepared by the Senior Architect, and shall appropriately indicate in
the history sheet the items that are included or excluded in the estimate.
4.1.5 Provision for contingencies and its utilization
(1) In addition to the provision for all expenditure which can be foreseen for a work, a
provision of . contingency shall be kept as follows:
(a) Estimated cost up to Rs. 1 Crore ............ 5%
(b) Estimated cost more than Rs. 1 Crore ... 3%, subject to minimum of Rs. 5 Lakh
(2) This provision is also intended to cover the cost of work-charged establishment for
which no provision should be made separately except in the case of annual
maintenance estimate where provision is made for such establishment under a separate
sub-head of the estimate.
4.2 Detailed Estimate
The preparation of detailed estimate and drawings and designs should be taken up only
after obtaining an assurance from the Department/Ministry sponsoring the proposal; that
the site is available, and without any encumbrances is available or likely to be made
available within a reasonable time.
(2) The detailed estimate should be complete and as comprehensive as possible, and
should be supported by detailed architectural drawings, preliminary structural plans;
preliminary lay-out drawings of the various services, detailed drawings and/or
specifications for the various components of work involved, etc., as applicable.
(3) The work is to be executed strictly as per the detailed working drawings and
specifications finalized by the department.
(4) The detailed estimate should give broad details for each item of the work involved.
Other details shall be covered by the accompanying detailed drawings and
specifications. The detailed estimate should be based on the rates given in the
Schedule of Rates for those items of work covered by it, and by analyzed market rates
for the remaining items.
(6) The detailed estimate should invariably contain the following information:
(i) Necessary details in support of the lump-sum provisions made in the estimate, if any.
(ii) Basis on which the rates have been provided, i.e. reference of the schedule of rates
or market rates.
(iii) A brief note on the special construction difficulties, if any, which are likely to be
encountered during the construction stage.
(3) The 'Report' of the estimate should be prepared in a lucid form, understandable by
non-technical officers of the administrative Ministry/Department or the client. It should
be comprehensive enough under each sub-head as mentioned below.
(i) History:- Particulars relating to the initiation of the proposal, and events leading upto
it, and its general purpose, including references to previous correspondence,
documents and specifications, where necessary.
(ii) Design:- A description of the proposal, particularly with regard to its location and
design, also with reference to standards and specifications, calculations and drawings,
where necessary. In case of a revised estimate, a description of the original proposals
and those finally adopted should be given.
(iii) Scope:- An explicit statement as to what work is and is not covered by the estimate,
also a reference to what arrangements are being made for any portion(s) of the work
which are not included in the estimates.
(iv) Rates:- Particulars as to how the rates have been arrived at, giving reference to the
relevant standard schedule of rates or market rates and also to the details
accompanying the estimate, where necessary, with any special explanation connected
therewith.
(v) Cost:- Cost of the work, and in case of revision, a comparison with the amount
originally provided under any previous administrative sanction or detailed estimate.
(vi) Method:- The method proposed for carrying out the work, whether by contract or
daily labour, or any combination of these.
(vii) Establishment:- Details of any provision made in the estimate for work-charged
establishment, when necessary.
(viii) Construction Plant:- Any special methods of construction to be adopted with
reference to specifications, etc. and details of the provisions that have been made in the
estimate for necessary construction plants and machineries, etc.
(ix) Land:- Provisions for acquisition of land, when necessary.
(x) Time:- The estimated time of completion from the date of receipt of A/A & E/S.
indicating
break up for pre-construction and construction stage
4.3 Schedule of Rates
(1) (a) To facilitate the preparation of estimates, as also to serve as a guide in settling
rates in connection with contract agreements, a schedule of rates for each kind of work
commonly executed should be maintained up-to-date in the Department. It should be
prepared on the basis of the rates prevailing in each station and necessary analysis of
the rates for each description of work and for the varying conditions thereof should, so
far as practicable, be recorded.
4.5 Supplementary Estimate
Any development that is thought necessary while a work is in progress, and which is not
fairly contingent on the proper execution of the work as first sanctioned, may be covered
by a supplementary estimate. This estimate must be accompanied by a full report of the
circumstances that render it necessary. The abstract must show the amount of the
original estimate and the total of the sanction required including the supplementary
amount.
4.6 Revised Estimate
When an excess beyond permissible variation over the sanctioned estimate is foreseen,
and there is likely to be unavoidable delay in the preparation of a revised estimate, an
immediate report of the circumstances should be made to the authority whose sanction
will ultimately be required. When a revised estimate is submitted, it must be
accompanied by a statement in Form CPWD 4 as in Appendix 9, comparing it with the
latest existing sanction of the competent authority and by a report showing the progress
made up-to-date.
4.8 Estimates for petty works
(1) In case of new petty works, which do not come under ordinary repairs, a requisition
for the same shall be obtained from the client department in Form CPWA 32. In case of
works of other classes, the officer of the Central PWD proposing the work should fill in
the form.
(2) On the requisition thus received, the Divisional Officer, or an Assistant
Engineer/Junior Engineer empowered by him to act in such cases, will record his
opinion as to what work should be done, and give on the face of the requisition a rough
estimate in lump sum or otherwise of the probable cost of each item of the work asked
for.

6.6 Safety of buildings/structures

6.6.1 Inspection of buildings/installations for safety
(1) The Junior Engineers are required to inspect all buildings/structures twice a year to
ensure that the building/structure is not unsafe for use, and they shall record a
certificate to that effect. All buildings/structures are also required to be inspected once a
year by the Assistant Engineer-incharge to ensure that the building/structure is not
unsafe for use. In case of electrical and other installations, the Assistant Engineer
(Electrical) should inspect the same and record a certificate to that effect. Non
compliance of the laid down procedure may attract serious disciplinary action against
defaulters. (Added vide OM/MAN/203)
(2) In case of any deficiency found in the building/structure, necessary report should be
made to
higher authorities, and immediate steps taken to get the same inspected by the
Executive Engineer. Further action should be taken forthwith to remedy the defects.
(3) The Divisional Officer will also inspect important buildings/structures once a year. He
shall bring to the notice of his Superintending Engineer, cases where he has reasons to
doubt the structural soundness of any building/structure. The Superintending
Engineer will inspect the building/ structure and take action as he considers
necessary for immediate repair of building/ structure to make it safe. In case he
considers that the structure cannot be made safe with repairs, he shall bring to
the notice of his Chief Engineer about reasons of doubt of the structural
soundness of the building/structure. The Chief Engineer will inspect the
building/structure and declare the building /structure unsafe for use. A register of
building/ structure declared unsafe shall be maintained in the zonal office.
(Modified vide OM DG/ MAN/304 dt 31.03.2014)
(4) In case of any deficiency found in the important buildings like Prime Minister's
House, Cabinet Ministers' House, Vice-President's House and houses of other V.I.P's,
report about unsafe condition of the house should always be sent to the Chief Engineer,
who will route it through the Ministry to the Department/Ministry concerned, if required,
with his recommendations and proposal for repairs.

Evaluation procedure of criterion

List of criteria Points Remarks Unit of CPWD responsible
for the criterion
Criteria 1: Site Selection 1 Partly mandatory Architecture
Criteria 2: Preserve and protect landscape during 5 Partly mandatory 3 by Architecture,
2 by
construction /compensatory depository Horticulture
forestation.
Criteria 3: Soil conservation (post construction) 4 Civil
Criteria 4: Design to include existing site features 2 Mandatory Architecture
Criteria 5: Reduce hard paving on site 2 Partly mandatory Architecture
Criteria 6: Enhance outdoor lighting system efficiency 3 Electrical
Criteria 7: Plan utilities efficiently and optimize on site 3 Architecture
circulation efficiency
Criteria 8: Provide, at least, minimum level of sanitation/ 2 Mandatory Civil
safety facilities for construction workers
Criteria 9: Reduce air pollution during construction 2 Mandatory Civil
Criteria 10: Reduce landscape water requirement 3 Horticulture
Criteria 11: Reduce building water use 2 Civil
Criteria 12: Efficient water use during construction 1 Civil
Criteria 13: Optimize building design to reduce conven- 6 Mandatory Architecture
tional energy demand
Criteria 14: Optimize energy performance of building within 12 Electrical
specified comfort
Criteria 15: Utilization of flyash in building structure 6 Civil
Criteria 16: Reduce volume, weight and time of const- 4 Civil
ruction by adopting efficient technology
(e.g. precast systems, ready-mix
concrete, etc.)
Criteria 17: Use low-energy material in interiors 4 Architecture
Criteria 18: Renewable energy utilization 5 Electrical
Criteria 19: Renewable energy based hot-water system 3 Electrical
Criteria 20: Waste water treatment 2 Civil
Criteria 21: Water recycle and reuse (including rainwater) 5 Civil
Criteria 22: Reduction in waste during construction 2 Civil
Criteria 23: Efficient waste segregation 2 Civil
Criteria 24: Storage and disposal of waste 2 Civil
Criteria 25: Resource recovery from waste 2 Civil
Criteria 26: Use of low - VOC paints/ adhesives/ sealants. 4 Civil
Criteria 27: Minimize ozone depleting substances 3 Mandatory Electrical
Criteria 28: Ensure water quality 2 Mandatory Civil
Criteria 29: Acceptable outdoor and indoor noise levels 2 Architecture
Criteria 30: Tobacco and smoke control 1 Architecture
Criteria 31: Universal Accessibility 1 Architecture
Criteria 32: Energy audit and validation Mandatory Electrical
Criteria 33: Operations and maintenance protocol for 2 Mandatory Electrical
electrical and mechanical equipment
Total score 100
Criteria 34: Innovation (Beyond 100) 4 Architecture, Civil,
Electrical, Horticulture

MEASUREMENT BOOKS (MBS)

The payments to contractors and others for the work done or other services rendered
are made on the basis of measurements recorded in the Measurement Book.
The measurement book is the basis of all accounts of quantities whether of works done
by Contractors or by labourers employed departmentally, or materials received. It
should be so written that the transactions are readily traceable.
(2) Writing of abstract
(i) A suitable abstract should then be prepared which should collect in the case of
measurements for works done, the total quantities of each distinct item of work relating
to each sanctioned sub-head. The measurement books meant for this purpose contain
pages in singleton. Details of quantities, rate and amount of each item for every bill are
entered in this Measurement Book in a tabular form.
(ii) For recording measurements and also for preparing abstract, the agreement item
No., both in words as well as in figure, should be given neatly along with description of
the item in full or in abbreviated form.
7.5.1 Where measurements need not be recorded
(1) No measurements need be recorded for petty purchases made through permanent
imprest accounts. It is adequate in such cases that the Junior Engineer or the Assistant
Engineer makes an endorsement on the original and duplicate copies of the cash
vouchers/bills of the suppliers regarding verification of the same, and the page number
of the MAS register in which he has taken the material(s).
Besides the mandatory test check of RCC and hidden items of work, the test check of
measurements by Assistant Engineer shall also include not less than 50% of the
plumbing work for sanitary and water supply wherever applicable.
7.14 Loss of Measurement Books
(1) When a Measurement Book is lost, an FIR should be lodged with the police.
(2) An immediate report of the facts of the case together with an explanation of all
parties concerned responsible for the loss should also be made promptly to the Chief
Engineer, who is empowered to sanction the write off of the lost Measurement Books. In
case of theft or loss of a blank Measurement Book, the Superintending Engineer shall
be the competent authority to write off the loss.
(3) Such losses for write off should be reported in the proforma as at Appendix 10.
(4) It is also necessary that the measurements in the lost Measurement Book should be
reconstructed at the earliest.
STANDARD MEASUREMENT BOOKS (SMB'S)
8.1 Purpose
The Standard Measurement Books are maintained to record the measurements of
permanent standing in a building, and are required to be brought upto date from year to
year on the basis of additions, etc. that are made to the building during a year. These
are used for preparing the repairs estimates and contractors' bills for such repairs so as
to avoid taking detailed measurements on each occasion.
(1) The Standard Measurement Books shall be prepared after the completion of the
work by the Construction Division that has executed the work. The preparation of these
books will ordinarily be undertaken in accordance with the program for each Sub-
Division or such other suitable unit as may be fixed by the Divisional Officer.

13.1 What is a contract?

(1) When two or more persons have a common intention communicated to each other to
create some obligation between them, there is said to be an agreement. An agreement
which is enforceable by law is a "Contract.''

13.2.1 CPWD Form 6

(1) This is Notice Inviting Tender Form, and in brief is known as NIT. It is required to be
invariably issued in respect of works for which tenders are to be called. The Form
includes the name of work, estimated cost put to tender, period of completion, time and
dates of receipt and opening of tenders, and other relevant conditions. Care is required
to be taken with regard to para 4 of CPWD Form 6, which provides two alternatives, viz.
(i) the site for the work is available, or
(ii) the site for the work shall be made available in parts as specified.

Administrative Approval & Expenditure Sanction: Communication of formal

acceptance of the proposals by the competent authority of the Administrative Ministry/
Department requisitioning the work.
Additions/Alterations Works: Works which are carried out in any existing structure as
per laid down norms or as per requirements of the client department.
Budgeted Works: The works that are undertaken under an outlay that provided wholly
from the financial estimates and accounts of the Union of India those laid before and
voted by both the Houses of Parliament.
Composite Tenders: Tenders comprising of components of more than one discipline
viz Civil, Horticulture, Internal Electric Installations and other Internal &External
Electrical Works including Services.
Contingencies: Provision made in the estimates for meeting out unforeseen incidental
expenses of a miscellaneous character which cannot appropriately be classified under
any distinct sub head or subwork, yet pertain to work as a whole and are contingent to
the completion of the work.
Construction Stage: Stage between acceptance of tender and completion of work.
Comprehensive Maintenance works: Combined Civil, Electrical and Horticulture
maintenance works carried out under a single contract.
Cost Index: An indicator of the average cost movement over time of a fixed basket of
representative goods and services related to execution of works.
Departmental Charges: Agency Charges levied by CPWD for execution of works.
Detailed Estimate: Complete and comprehensive estimate of a work, based on the
rates given in the SOR for those items covered by it and on market rates for the
remaining items, supported by detailed drawings and specifications.
Detailed Project Report (DPR): A detailed appraisal report of a project containing
documents as described in the Works Manual.
Deposit Work: The term ‘Deposit Works’ is applied to works of construction or repairs
and maintenance, the cost of which is met out of Government grants to autonomous or
semi-autonomous bodies or institutions through their Administrative Ministries, or is
financed from non-Government sources wholly or partly from :
(a) Funds of public nature, but not included in the financial estimates and accounts of
the Union of India or (b) Contributions from the public.
Deviation in Quantities: Variation in quantities of items of the contract as given in the
schedule of quantities and actually executed.
Divisional Officer: The Officer usually of the rank of Executive Engineer who is
heading the executive unit of the department i.e the Division and is also entrusted with
the responsibility of receipt and disbursement of public money.
Earnest Money: Amount paid by a bidder in required form as a security for not backing
out from his/her tender before its acceptance or refusing to execute the work after it has
been awarded to him/her.
Emergent Works: Works which arise all of sudden out of any Critical or Emergent
situation of inescapable nature and which brooks no delay and are to be awarded
expeditiously.
Engineer-in-Charge: The Officer or his representative entering into the agreement with
the contractor on behalf of President of India.
Enabling Estimate: Estimate that is prepared for carrying out pre-construction activities
of a work.
Extra Item: Items that are completely new and are in addition to the items contained in
the schedule of quantities of the contract.
Item Rate Tender: Tenders in which the contractors are required to quote rates for
individual items of work as given in the schedule of quantities.
Minor Works: Works which add capital value to existing assets but do not create new
assets.
Negative Deviation: When total quantity of an item executed is lower than the quantity
of the item as stipulated in the contract.
Normal Works: Works which are not any of the following : Works of Emergent and/or
Urgent nature and/ or Specialized Works.
Open Call of Tenders: Tendering process in which tenders are not invited on a
restrictive call basis.
Original Works: Works involving all new constructions, site preparation, additions and
alterations, special repairs to newly purchased or previously abandoned buildings or
structures, including re-modelling or replacement.
Percentage Rate Tender: Tenders in which the contractors are required to quote rates
on percentage basis i.e. above or below the estimated cost put to tender.
Preliminary Estimate: Estimate prepared for construction/repair/maintenance works
based on plinth area cost basis with CPWD Plinth Area Rates (PAR) or any other
method without detailed items of work for obtaining A/A & E/S.
Pre-construction Stage: Stage before acceptance of the tenders for the work.
Post-construction Stage: Stage after completion of the work.
Repairs and Maintenance works: All works undertaken to maintain the assets in a
proper service condition and for maintenance and operation of all services therein.
Restricted Tenders: Tenders of Secret/ Special nature requiring specialized equipment
or maintenance of VIP residences/important buildings invited from limited prequalified
contractors.
Rough Cost Estimates: Estimate for a ready approximate cost of work which are
prepared on the request of the client only to assess the cost of the project based on the
input given by the client with or without any preliminary design/drawings.
Special Repair Works: Major repairs or replacement or remodeling of a portion of an
existing structure / installation or other works which needs replacement of the major
component of structure/ installation due to major breakdowns, or its deterioration.
Specialized Works: Specialized works /items/ jobs are those works that requires
expertise/specialized skill and are executed after prequalification of agencies.
Substitute Item: Item executed in place of item of work available in the schedule of
quantities of the contract.
Technical Sanction (T/S): A certificate that the detailed estimate has been prepared
and approved on the basis of a properly detailed design.
Technical Sanction Authority: The authority who approves the detailed estimate and
issues Certificate of Technical Sanction for the work.
Upgradation Works: Works carried out to an existing structure pursuant to revised
norms/specifications as notified from time to time by the CPWD Directorate/ Client
Department.
Urgent Works: Urgent works are works which requires fast start/completion within
compressed schedule and are to be taken up on top most priority at the instructions of
competent authority or on specific request of the user department.
Work Order (CPWD 11A): This form is normally used for works which are to be
awarded without call of tender. In Form 11A, the contractor is bound in respect of the
quantity of work and the time in which it is to be completed.
(6) Lump sum Contract document(CPWD Form 12): This form is used for works in
which contractors are required to quote a lump sum amount for completing the work in
accordance with the given designs, specifications and functional requirements.
CSSA-Cash Settlement Suspense Account: In this mode of funding, the funds are
made available after carrying out the work and are now followed only for the works
pertaining to the Cabinet Secretariat, and the Ministry of Defence. The expenditure is
booked by CPWD first in suspense account and then the bill is raised on the client
against which payments are made by the client and the suspense account is cleared.
LOC for this is also given by CCA against assurances given by the clients.
1.3 Central Works Board
As laid down in the CPWD Code, the Government of India has constituted a Central
Works Board for approval of tenders and other miscellaneous matters relating to
execution of works.
1.3.1 Composition of Central Works Board
(1) The Board consists of a Chairman and two Members. The Director General, CPWD
is the Chairman. The Director (Works) of MoHUA, and Chief Controller of Accounts,
MoHUA are Members. The Director (finance), CPWD acts as the Secretary of the
Board.
(2) The Board has the authority to co-opt members including non-official experts and the
representatives of the other Administrative Departments of the Government of India
when so required for advice on matters as to the execution of Specialized Projects i.e.
Aviation Works, Factory Works, Projects, etc.
1.4 Regional Works Board
Regional works Boards are constituted in each region for approval of tenders within its
delegation of financial powers.
1.4.1 Composition of Regional Works Board
(1) The RWB consists of a Chairman and three members. Special DG of the respective
region acts as Chairman, ADG of the Sub Region and Director (Finance)
CPWD/representative of CCA as members. The NIT Approving Authority presents the
case before the Board. Director (Finance) CPWD is the member of the RWB for regions
as notified by CPWD Directorate, while for other regions the member is nominated by
CCA, MoHUA. The DDG(HQ) of the Region is the Member Secretary of the RWB. The
Secretarial work of the Board is to be done by the office of the respective Spl. Director
General.
(2) The Regional Works Board has the authority to co-opt the representative of client
department as Member, if so required.
Budget
2.4.1 General
Budget is the Annual Financial Statement of all transactions of the Central Government
in and outside India, including estimated receipts and expenditure occurring during the
year in which the statement is prepared as well as during the ensuing year. The
instructions about the procedure for preparation of the Budget Estimates/Schedule of
Demands, Revised Budget Estimates are issued by the Budget Division of the Ministry
of Finance in their annual Budget circular.
Award of Work without Call of Tenders
4.1 Procedure
(1) The work awarded after call of quotations shall be construed to have been awarded
without call of tenders.
(2) Normally tenders should be called for all works. However, in case the work is to be
awarded expeditiously, the prescribed period of notice may be reduced by NIT
approving authority.
(3) The precise reasons should be recorded by the Engineer -in- Charge before
dispensing with call of tenders.
E-Tendering
(1) As per Rule 159 and 160 of GFR 2017, it is mandatory to e- publish all Tender
enquiries, Requests for Proposals, Requests for Expressions of Interest, notice for pre-
qualification/ registration or any other notice inviting bids or proposals in any form,
corrigenda thereon and details of bid awards on the Central Public Procurement Portal
(CPPP) as well as web site of the Department and to receive all bids through e-
procurement portals in respect of all procurements respectively

(2) All the tenders/quotations are to be published on CPWD portal which is linked to
CPP portal. The URL address of the service provider for hosting the e-Tendering
platform for CPWD shall be as per instructions from time to time. Presently, the e-
Tendering platform for CPWD has been hosted by the service provider with URL
address www.tenderwizard.com/cpwd. The link of the service provider is available on
CPWD web site.
Tenders with Two/Three Bid System
(1) Two Bid System
Tenders are called in two Bids in which Bid - 1 is Technical cum eligibility Bid and Bid -
2 is Financial bid.
(2) Three Bid System
Generally, works for which technical specifications have not been finalized and the
same are to be finalized on receipt of the details from the bidders are called on three bid
system. The bidders shall be required to submit three bids as given below;
Bid - 1 : Eligibility bid
Bid - 2 : Technical specifications
Bid - 3 : Financial bid.
(3) Normally, technical and financial bids are called simultaneously, however, in case of
exigencies, only technical bids can be called first with the approval of ADG or any other
authority designated by CPWD Directorate.

EPC (Engineering, Procurement and Construction) Contracts

The NITI AAYOG vide OM No. N-14070/14/2016-PPAU dated 5th September, 2016
have communicated the decision taken by Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs
(CCEA) regarding substituting of item rate contracts by EPC (Turnkey) contracts,
wherever appropriate. In pursuance to above, erstwhile MoUD (Works Division) vide its
OM No 28012/11/2016-W-3 Dated 29th November 2016 have issued directions which
inter-alia include that cutoff value of projects, above which all contracts will be taken up
under EPC methodology, will be Rs 100 Cr. This figure will be as decided and notified
by the MoHUA/ CPWD from time to time. For executing contract on EPC methodology,
the following important provisions are to be considered while framing estimate,
preparing NIT etc:
(1) Enabling estimate can be submitted as per client requirement for carrying out pre-
construction activities wherever required for conceptual planning purpose to assess the
precise requirement of the scope of work.
(2) The concerned CA/SA unit or the consultant appointed by the NIT approving
authority shall prepare the concept design, preliminary drawings and specifications
based on detailed requirements of the work, in consultation with the client before
preparation of Preliminary Estimate.
(3) The tenders based on EPC mode cannot be the model based on item rates and
quantities hence the estimated cost for such tenders may be worked out on the basis of
CPWD plinth area rates as per norms and the cost suitably modified considering
applicable cost index or by adopting any other appropriate method as decided by NIT
approving authority. Preliminary drawings and specifications approved by the client shall
form part of the NIT.
(4) Soil investigation report shall be appended in the NIT for indicative purpose only.
(5) The responsibility of investigations, designing, planning, procurement, construction,
safety, quality, and risk of engineering lies with the contractor and the same will be
incorporated in the NIT.
(6) Mode of measurements for payment purpose will be decided by the NIT approving
authority.
(7) The award of work shall be decided based on competitive call of tenders. The Chief
Engineer ascertains the reasonability of prices using analytical methods such as
tendered amount for similar works whose tenders were accepted in the recent past,
PAR rates duly enhanced by the current cost index and any other method approved by
the Chief Engineer for ascertaining the reasonability of the tendered amount of the L1
bidder.
(8) In case the tender received is more than A/A & E/S, revised A/A & E/S or in principle
approval from the competent authority shall be necessary.
General guidelines for EPC contracts with a sample item along with scope of work to be
adopted for EPC contracts are given in SOP 4/6. As per the OM of NITI Aayog dated 5
September 2016, the model EPC bidding document published by the erstwhile Planning
Commission can be modified wherever required, to suit the requirements of the work.
NIT approving authority may incorporate special and particular conditions as per
specific requirements of the project. Till such time the standard form is released, the
contract form as decided by the NIT approving authority may be used.
Publicity of Tenders
All tenders of any amount shall be invited through e-tendering system. Notices for all the
works, irrespective of their value, shall be published on the website
www.tenderwizard.com/cpwdor as instructed from time to time. Once published on the
website, the tender notices will also become available on www.eprocure.gov.in through
system link.
Earnest Money, Receipt, Opening and Acceptance of Tenders
5.1.1 Necessity for Earnest money
To safeguard against a bidder withdrawing or altering his/her bid during the bid validity
period, earnest Money shall be obtained from the bidders for all tenders unless
otherwise mentioned in the Manual
Rates of Earnest Money
(1) For works estimated to cost upto Rs Ten Crores or as notified from time to time: 2%
(Two percent) of the estimated cost.
(2) For works estimated to cost more than Rs Ten Crores or as notified from time to
time : Rs. Twenty lakhs plus 1% (one percent) of the estimated cost put to tender in
excess of Rs. Ten Crores.
(3) In case of petty works costing Rs. 25,000/- or less the Executive Engineer may, at
his discretion, dispense with the conditions for calling for Earnest Money.
Performance Guarantee
(1) To ensure due performance of the contract, Performance Guarantee shall be
obtained from the successful bidder.
(2) PG shall be 5% of the contract amount to be submitted in the form as prescribed in
GCC. Performance Guarantee shall remain valid for a minimum period of sixty days
beyond the date of completion of all contractual obligations as per GCC. In case of
contracts where supplementary agreement is drawn, the fresh PG shall be obtained
from the contractor @ 5% of the amount of the supplementary agreement. The PG
received against the original work shall be released as per contract conditions.
(3) The time allowed for submission of the performance guarantee may be decided by
NIT approving authority but not beyond 7 days of issue of the letter of intent depending
upon the magnitude and/or urgency of the work.
Security Deposit
The security deposit shall be collected by deductions from the running bill as well as
final bill as per provisions of the GCC.
Secured Advance
Secured advance is a term applied specifically to an advance made on the materials
brought at site of work, to a contractor whose contract is for the completed item of work.
However, where stage payments are stipulated in certain contracts, like for E&M and
other specialized works, such payments shall not be treated as secured advance.
5.17 Completion Certificate
5.17.1 Recording of Provisional Completion Certificate
On substantial Completion of any work which has been completed to such an extent
that the intended purpose of the work is met and is ready for use, then a provisional
Completion Certificate with a list of outstanding balance items of work that need to be
completed in accordance with the provisions of the contract shall be recorded by the
Executive Engineer and T/S Authority ( in case both authorities are different).
5.17.2 Recording of Final Completion Certificate
Before the work is declared as completed in all respect for release of final payment, the
work shall be inspected by the T/S Authority. In case of composite works, inspection
shall also be carried out by the competent authority of the minor components of work.
The Final Completion Certificate shall be recorded by both the Executive Engineer and
T/S Authority ( in case both authorities are different) under whose tenure the work is
completed, or as decided by the Directorate from time to time. Procedures on inspection
of works for issue of completion certificate are given in SOP 5/27. The time schedule for
issue of completion certificate shall be as per GCC provision.
Payment Through Public Financial Management System (PFMS)
Public Financial Management System (PFMS), an integrated Financial Management
System of Controller General of Accounts, Government of India, shall be used for
sanction preparation, bill processing, payment, receipt management, Direct Benefit
Transfer, fund flow management and financial reporting.
All payments, to the extent possible, shall be released ‘just-in-time’ through PFMS.

Permanent imprest:Permanent imprest involves entrusting an employee with petty

cash for procurement and paying for urgent daily services. Petty cash will be
replenished after a certain period of time with the amount spent at a minimum of 25% of
the total value each time

temporary an accountable advance that substitutes for reimbursement for expenses

advance" or for payment for goods, services or construction already received and
invoiced, i.e., payment arrangements that would ordinarily be used under
similar circumstances

Maintenance of Material at Site (MAS) Register -

(i) All the MAS Registers including Cement and Steel Registers shall be maintained by
Contractor which shall be issued to the contractor by Engineer-in-charge in the same
manner as being issued to CPWD field staff.
(ii) Each of the entry of receipt of material at site shall be 100% test checked by JE or by
AE if there is no JE.
(iii) Each MAS Register shall be checked by JE at least twice a week and at least once
a week by AE. If There is no JE then MAS registers will be checked by AE at least twice
a week.
(iv) Cement Register shall be reviewed by EE at least once in a month.
SITE ORDER BOOKS AND INSPECTION REGISTER
25.1 Maintenance of Site Order Books
(1) The Site Order Books shall be maintained in the form prescribed in Appendix 27.
The Site Order Book shall be printed and its pages machine numbered and issued by
the Executive Engineer in different sizes containing sufficient number of pages,
depending upon the magnitude of the work.
(2) A flyleaf should be attached with each Site Order Book containing instructions
regarding maintenance of Site Order Books.
(3) These will be maintained properly and preserved for a period of 5 years or up to the
time all disputes/ arbitration cases of the work are finally settled, whichever is later, after
completion of a work in the same manner as a Measurement Book.
(4) The following procedure shall be followed regarding the maintenance of Site Order
Books:
(a) Senior Officers of the rank of Superintending Engineer and above shall
communicate their
observations by way of inspection notes.
(b) Verbal orders of Senior Officer
Whenever any Senior Officer gives verbal instructions to his Junior Officer at the site of
work, it is necessary that he should confirm such orders in writing. In any case, it should
be the responsibility of the Junior Officer to get these confirmed in writing. Though
verbal orders have got to be confirmed in all cases, implementation of these verbal
orders should not be delayed for want of confirmation.
(c) Observations of the Architect during his site inspection
While carrying out field inspections, the Architects may point out architectural defects
through separate inspection notes, and their observations shall be acted upon by field
staff after proper examination from technical, contractual and financial angles.
(d) As far as the Executive Engineer and Assistant Engineer are concerned, they should
invariably sign the Site Order Book in token of their having read all the instructions
issued by various Officers and replies made thereto. In case the Executive Engineer or
Assistant Engineer himself wants to give any instructions, he should record them in the
Site Order Book. In regard to important matters, they may find it necessary to
communicate such orders even in writing in
the form of inspection notes.
(e) The Junior Engineer/Assistant Engineer should also record his observations in the
Site Order Book if he finds any defective work going on, or if the contractor is not
complying with any of the terms of the contract, or on the slow progress of work, if any.
(f) The Site Order Book should be maintained at the site of the work, and it should never
be removed from there under any circumstance.
(g) Recording of observations by the contractor The contractor or his authorized agent
will also be at liberty to note his difficulties etc. in this Book.
(h) Recording of compliance of orders/instructions
The compliance of orders/instructions given by the supervisory staff and the date(s) of
its(their) compliance should be recorded side by side in the Site Order Book by the
Junior Engineer/ Assistant Engineer with dated initials. The Executive Engineer should
also periodically review the Site Order Book to ensure that it is being properly
maintained and used.
(i) Verification of Site Order Book before releasing payment
The Site Order Book should be consulted at the time of making payments to the
contractor. The Assistant Engineer should record the certificate on the bill(s) submitted
by the contractor to the effect that the Site Order Book has been verified before signing
such bill(s). This would enable the Assistant Engineer to ensure whether the defects
pointed out during construction have been rectified or not, and also to propose part
rates, if necessary, before the payments are made for the items of work for which
defects were pointed out but have not been rectified.
25.2 Maintenance of Inspection Register
(1) An Inspection Register is required to be maintained at every site of work, duly issued
by Executive Engineer and docketed from the Division Office.
(2) The proforma for the Inspection Register shall be as per Annexure.
(3) Entries regarding site visit of senior officers
(i) Whenever he visits the site, the Superintending Engineer shall record the date and
time of his visit, items inspected and his observations. Entry of visit should be made
even if no defects are observed.
(ii) Similarly, the Chief Engineer/Chief Project Manager/Project Manager shall record
his observations in the Inspection Register, at least in 50% of his visits, and in other
visits he shall at least sign the Inspection Register in token of his visit to the work.
(4) Alternatively, the Chief Engineer/Chief Project Manager/Project
Manager/Superintending Engineer may issue inspection notes, copies of which shall be
pasted in the Inspection Register.(Modified vide OM DG/MAN/255 dt. 7.12.2012)
(5) It will be the responsibility of the Executive Engineer to ensure that the observations
of the inspecting officers for each and every visit are available in the Inspection
Register, either through recorded notes or through pasting of the inspection notes.
(6) Carrying over senior officers' observations to the Site Order Book
The Executive Engineer/Assistant Engineer shall carry over such observation and
defects on which action is to be taken by contractor to the Site Order Book with
appropriate cross references in the Inspection Register.
(7) Review of observations for compliance
It is also necessary that the observations recorded in the Inspection Register by the
Chief Engineer/ Superintending Engineer be reviewed during their subsequent
inspections to ensure their compliance.
(8) These are also required to be reviewed during Quality Assurance Inspection.

Maintenance of Register of Tests -

(i) All the registers of tests carried out at Construction Site or in outside laboratories
shall be maintained by the contractor which shall be issued to the contractor by
Engineer-in-charge in the same manner as being issued to CPWD field staff.
(ii) All Samples of materials including Cement Concrete Cubes shall be taken jointly with
Contractor by JE and out of this at least 50% samples shall be taken in presence of AE
in charge. If there is no JE, all Samples of materials including Cement Concrete Cubes
shall be taken by AE jointly with Contractor. All the necessary assistance shall be
provided by the contractor. Cost of sample materials is to be borne by the contractor
and he shall be responsible for safe custody of samples to be tested at site.
(iii) All the test in field lab setup at Construction Site shall be carried out by the
Engineering Staff deployed by the contractor which shall be 100% witnessed by JE and
50% of tests shall be witnessed by AE-in-charge. At least 10% of the tests are to be
witnessed by the Executive Engineer. For outstations the percentage of tests to be
witnessed by JE, AE & EE are to be decided by NIT Approving Authority and should
form part of QA Plan.
(iv) All the entries in the registers will be made by the designated Engineering Staff of
the contractor and same should be regularly reviewed by JE/AE/EE.
(v) Contractor shall be responsible for safe custody of all the test registers.

Responsibilities of field officers

(1) In order to ensure regular payment of wages to the labour by the contractor, the
Fair Wages clause 19B (d) provides that the Executive Engineer or the Sub-Divisional
Officer concerned shall have the right to deduct from the money due to the contractor
any sum required or estimated to be required for making good the loss suffered by the
workers, non-payment of wages or of deductions from his or their wages which are not
justified by the terms of the contract, or non-observance of the Labour Regulations. In
view of this provision and other provisions of Fair Wage clause as embodied in the
agreement, it is incumbent upon the Executive Engineer and the Sub-Divisional Officer
to see that the labour employed by the contractor is paid regularly, and that no arrears
are allowed to accumulate on this account. For this purpose, they should see that the
returns that are prescribed are duly submitted by the contractor, and they should
scrutinize them with a view to see that the contractor is duly fulfilling the conditions of
the contract.
(2) In case an Executive Engineer finds it difficult to take action on the advice tendered
by the Labour Officer under Contractor's Labour Regulations for any reason, the matter
should be immediately reported to the Superintending Engineer concerned and
directions obtained from him.
(3) Security Deposit of the work shall not be refunded till the contractor produces a
clearance certificate from the Labour Officer. As soon as the work is virtually complete,
the contractor shall apply for the certificate to the Labour Officer under intimation to the
Engineer-in-charge. The Engineerin- charge, on receipt of the said communication, shall
write to the Labour Officer to intimate if any complaint is pending against the contractor
in respect of the work. If no complaint is pending on record till after 3 months after
completion of the work, and/or no communication is received from the Labour Officer to
this effect till 6 months after the date of completion, it will be deemed to have received
the clearance certificate and the Security Deposit will be released, if otherwise due.

e-MB
With the launch of e-MB module on PFMS Portal in CPWD, this will be the first
integrated web-based module in Civil Ministries to monitor both the financial progress
i.e. utilization of funds along with related physical progress captured as per schedule of
various items of works through e-MB in all projects/works undertaken by CPWD.

Smart Imprest cards

The launch of Smart Imprest cards with end to end digitization of entire process
introduced for the first time in Civil Ministry will enable maximization of Digital payments
to achieve ultimately 100 per cent digitization of payments in MoHUA thereby also
fulfilling objectives of Digital India mission.

revised preliminary estimate

To enable the client to provide additional funds in time whenever the expenditure is
anticipated to exceed the preliminary estimate figure, a revised preliminary estimate
should be submitted to the client well in time during the execution of work.

Register of Buildings
(1) Every Division should maintain a Register of Buildings upto date. The Executive
Engineer should certify to that effect at the end of every financial year after ensuring
that necessary additions in the cost and in structures are made upto date. This
certificate should be furnished by him to the Superintending Engineer every year in the
month of July.
(2) The Superintending Engineer, during his inspection of the Divisional Office, should
examine this register to verify that it is being posted and maintained upto date.

Book value
In accounting, book value is the value of an asset[1] according to its balance
sheet account balance. For assets, the value is based on the original cost of the asset
less any depreciation, amortization or impairment costs made against the asset.
Traditionally, a company's book value is its total assets [minus intangible assets and
liabilities. However, in practice, depending on the source of the calculation, book value
may variably include goodwill, intangible assets, or both.The value inherent in its
workforce, part of the intellectual capital of a company, is always ignored. When
intangible assets and goodwill are explicitly excluded, the metric is often specified to be
"tangible book value".

Salvage value

• Salvage value is the book value of an asset after all depreciation has been fully
expensed.
• The salvage value of an asset is based on what a company expects to receive in
exchange for selling or parting out the asset at the end of its useful life.

Rescheduling of milestones (Added vide OM DG/MAN/278 dt. 11.6.2013)

The rescheduling of milestones should be done by the field staff as soon as the
request for rescheduling of milestones, to be eligible for consideration, is received
from the contractor.
The first milestone should be rescheduled based on the hindrances occurred during
the time allowed for that milestone. The other milestones should also suitably be
shifted based on rescheduling of the milestone as mentioned above. If hindrances
occur again during period of second milestone then second milestone should also be
rescheduled along with shifting third and fourth milestone also. Such process should
be continued on the basis of hindrances occurred during every milestone till the work
is complete.
After rescheduling the last milestone and completion of work, the EOT shall be
granted based on the hindrances considered while rescheduling of all milestones
during of execution of work. The following procedure for rescheduling of milestones
can be adopted:
(1) If contractor cannot complete the work against any of the milestone(s) due to
having been unavoidably hindered in execution thereof, or on any other ground,
he can apply for re-scheduling of the milestone(s) within 14 days of the
happening of the event causing delay or after completion of the milestone,
Earnest money Mode of Deposit
(1) The earnest money may be accepted only in the following forms:
(i) Cash upto Rs.10,000.
(ii) Treasury challan.
(iii) Deposit at Call Receipt of a Scheduled Bank guaranteed by the Reserve Bank of
India.
(iv) Banker's cheque of a Scheduled Bank.
(v) Demand Draft of a Scheduled Bank.
(vi) Fixed Deposit Receipt (FDR) of a Scheduled Bank.
Refund of performance guarantee
The performance guarantee shall be refunded to the contractor soon after the
completion of the work and recording of the completion certificate as above. However,
in case of contracts involving maintenance of building and services/ other work
after construction of same building and services/other work, 50% of Performance
Guarantee shall be retained as Security Deposit. The same shall be returned
yearwise proportionately. (Modified vide OM DG/MAN/285 dt. 21.8.2013 and
DG/MAN/291 dt. 01.10.2013)
22.1.3 Refund of security deposit
(1) In the case of works executed against agreements in Forms CPWD 7 & 8 the refund
of security deposit to a contractor on the completion of works is regulated by Clause 17
thereof. This clause envisages the issue of a completion certificate in terms of Clause 8
of the Contract. Such completion certificate shall be issued by the authority in a manner
detailed under section 30.
(2) The period of maintenance as prescribed in Clause 17 of the Contract will be
counted from the date of completion as recorded in the certificate mentioned above.
The security deposit of the contractor should be refunded by the Executive Engineer
after the prescribed maintenance period as stipulated in the agreement or after the date
in which the final bill has been prepared and passed for payment, which ever is later.
However, in case of contracts involving maintenance of building and services/
other work after construction of same building and services/other work, 50% of
Performance Guarantee retained as security deposit plus 2.5% Security Deposit
deducted should be refunded yearwise proportionately

Recording of completion certificate

In case the completion certificate is recorded by a Junior Engineer/Sectional Officer, the
Sub-Divisional Officer concerned shall countersign it within one month. In case of works
costing more than the normal acceptance power of tender of the Executive Engineer,
the original certificate must be recorded by the Sub-Divisional Officer and countersigned
by the Executive Engineer within one month. If the Sub-Divisional Officer is not
available the Executive Engineer should himself record the certificate.