Triangles 6

Objective Section (1 mark each)

Fill in the Blanks Ans. Proportional.

Q. 1. In Fig. 1, MN || BC and AM : MB = 1 : 2, AB 1
then [CBSE OD, Set 1, 2020] Q. 4. Given DABC ~ DPQR, if = , then
PQ 3
ar( DAMN)
= ......... . ar( DABC)
ar( DABC) = .............. .
ar( DPQR )

[CBSE Delhi, Set 1, 2020]
1
Ans. .
9
Explanation : As DABC ~ DPQR
2 2
Fig. - 1 ar(DABC)  AB  1 1
\ =  PQ  =  3  = 9
ar(DPQR )  
1
Ans.
9 Q. 5. ABC is an equilateral triangle of side 2a,
Explanation : then length of one of its altitude is ..............

Given : MN || BC and AM : MB = 1 : 2 [CBSE Delhi, Set 1, 2020]
In DAMN and DABC, Ans. 3a
∠MAN = ∠BAC  [Common angle] Explanation : We know that for an equilateral
∠AMN = ∠ABC triangle,
[Corresponding angles] 3
⇒ Length of altitude = × side.
\ DAMN ~ DABC 2
2
ar(DAMN)  AM  3
\ =  = × 2a = 3a Ans.
ar(DABC) 2
 AB 
2 Q. 6. ABC and BDE are two equilateral triangles
 AM 
=  such that D is the mid-point of BC. Ratio of
 AM + MB  the areas of triangles ABC and BDE is .......
 1  1
2 [CBSE Delhi, Set 2, 2020]
=  = Ans. Ans. 4 : 1
 1 + 2  9
Explanation :
Q. 2. In DABC, AB = 6 3 cm, AC = 12 cm and
BC = 6 cm, then ∠B = ......... .
 [CBSE OD, Set 1, 2020]
Ans. 90°
Explanation :
... (12)2 = (6 3 )2 + (6)2
⇒ AC2 = AB2 + BC2 Figure – 1

\ By the converse of Pythagoras theorem,
DABC ~ DBDE
\ ∠B = 90°. Ans. (... both are equilateral)
Q. 3. Tw o t r i a n g l e s a r e s i m i l a r i f t h e i r ar (DABC)
2
\  2a  4
corresponding sides are ......... . =   = =4:1
ar (DBDE)
 a 
1
 [CBSE OD, Set 1, 2020]
 Very Short Answer Type Questions (1 mark each)
Q.  1. In Figure 1, ABC is an isosceles triangle
right angled at C with AC = 4 cm. Find
the length of AB.

AD 1.8
=
Figure 1 AD+ 7.2 1.8 + 5.4

 [CBSE OD, Set 1, 2019] AD 1.8

=
Ans. Given, ∠C = 90° and AC = 4 cm AD + 7 .2 7.2
AB =? AD 1
=
AD + 7.2 4
4AD = AD + 7.2
3AD = 7.2
AD = 2.4 cm
Q.  3. In Fig., DE || BC, AD = 1 cm and BD =
2 cm. what is the ratio of the ar (DABC) to
DABC is an isosceles triangle so, the ar (DADE)?
BC = AC = 4 cm
On applying Pythagoras theorem, we have
AB2 = AC2 + BC2
= 42 + 42
= 16 + 16 = 32
⇒ AB = 32
= 4 2 cm
 [CBSE Delhi, Set 1, 2019]
Q.  2. In Figure 2, DE || BC. Find the length of
Ans. Given,
side AD, given that AE = 1.8 cm, BD = 7.2 cm
AD = 1 cm, BD = 2 cm
and CE = 5.4 cm.
\ AB = 1 + 2 = 3 cm
Also, DE || BC  (Given)
\ ∠ADE = ∠ABC...(i)
 (corresponding angles)
In DABC and DADE
∠A = ∠A(common)
∠ABC = ∠ADE [by equation (i)]
\ DABC ~ DADE (by AA rule)
Figure 2 2
\ ar (DABC )  AB 
 [CBSE OD, Set 1, 2019] =  
ar (DADE)  AD 
Ans. Given, DE || BC
2
On applying Thales theorem, we have ar (DABC ) 3 9
or =   =
AD AE ar (DADE) 1
  1
=
AB AC \ ar (DABC) : ar (DADE) = 9 : 1
Q. 4. Given ΔABC ~ ΔPQR, if AB = 1 , then 2x 2x − 1
⇒ =
PQ 3 x +1 x −1
Δ
find ar ABC .  [CBSE, 2018]
ar ΔPQR ⇒ 2x(x − 1) = (x + 1)(2x − 1)
⇒ 2x2 − 2x = 2x2 + 2x − x − 1
Ans. Given, ΔABC ~ ΔPQR ⇒ − 2x = x − 1
AB 1 ⇒ 1 = 3x
and =
PQ 3 1
⇒ x=
2 3
AB
Now, ar(DABC ) = Q. 6. In Δ DEW, AB || EW. If AD = 4 cm, DE =
ar (DPQR) PQ 2
12 cm and DW = 24 cm, then find the
2
1 1 value of DB.
=  =  [CBSE Term 1, Set 1, 2015]
3 9
Q. 5. In DABC, D and E are points AC and BC Ans. Let BD = x cm.
respectively such that DE || AB. If AD = DW = 24 cm.
2x, BE = 2x − 1, CD = x + 1 and CE = x − 1,
then find the value of x. Then, BW = (24 − x) cm, AE =12 − 4 = 8 cm
 [CBSE Term 1, 2016] In ΔDEW, AB || EW
Ans. AD BD
\ =  [Thales’ Theorem]
AE BW
D
4 x
⇒ =

4c
8 24 − x A B

24
cm

cm
12
⇒ 8x = 96 − 4x
⇒ 12x = 96 E W

96
DE || AB ⇒ x= = 8 cm
12
AD BE
So, =  [By B.P.T.] ∴ DB = 8 cm
CD EC

Short Answer Type Questions-I  (2 marks each)

Q. 1. In fig. 5, ABC and DBC are two triangles Construction : Draw AL ^ BC and DM ^ BC.
on the same base BC. If AD intersects BC
ar ( DABC) AO
at O, show that =
ar( DDBC) DO 

Fig. - 5

Proof : In DALO and DDMO, we have
 [CBSE OD, Set-I, 2020]
∠ALO = ∠DMO = 90°
Ans. Given : DABC and DDBC are on the same
base BC and AD intersect BC at O. and ∠AOL = ∠DOM
ar(DABC) AO [Vertically opposite angles]
To prove : = .
ar(DDBC) DO \ ∠ALO ~ ∠DMO[AA-similarity]
 AL AO
\ =
DM DO
 [corresponding part of similar triangles] ...(i)
1
ar(DABC) × BC × AL
Now, AL AO
= 2 = =
ar(DDBC) 1
× BC × DM DM DO
2 Proof : In DABC,
 [using (i)] DE || AC
ar (DABC) AO BE BD
⇒ = . Hence Proved. \ = ...(i)
ar(DDBC) DO EC AD

Q. 2. In fig. 6, if AD ^ BC, then prove that (By Basic Proportionality Theorem)
2 2
AB + CD = BD + AC 2 2 Similarly, In DABP,
 [CBSE OD, Set-I, 2020] DC || AP
BC BD
\ = ...(ii)
CP AD 
From (i) and (ii), we get
BE BC
Fig - 6 = Hence Proved.
EC CP 
Ans.
Given : DABC in which AD ^ BC.
To prove : A B2 + CD2 = BD2 + AC2 Q.  4. In an isosceles D ABC right angled at B,
Proof : From right DADB, we have
prove that AC2 = 2AB2.
 [CBSE Term 1, 2016]
AB2 = AD2 + BD2
Ans. In DABC, AB = BC  ...(i)
[By Pythagoras theorem]
[ triangle is isosceles]
⇒ AB – BD = AD2....(i)
2 2
A
From right DADC, we have
AC2 = AD2 + CD2
⇒ AC2 – CD2 = AD2...(ii)
From (i) and (ii), we get
AB2 – BD2 = AC2 – CD2
B  C
⇒ AB2 + CD2 = BD2 + AC2  Hence Proved. In DABC by pythagoras theorem,
Q. 3. In Fig. 2, DE || AC and DC || AP. Power that AC2 = AB2 + BC2
BE BC
= [CBSE Delhi, Set-I, 2020] ⇒ AC2 = AB2 + AB2 [From (i)]
EC CP 
⇒ AC2 = 2AB2 Hence Proved.
Q. 5. X and Y are points on the sides AB and
AC, respectively of a triangle ABC such
that AX , AY = 2 cm and YC = 6 cm. Find
AB
whether XY || BC or not.
 [CBSE Term 1, Set 1, 2015]
Fig. 2
AX 1
Ans. Given : DE || AC and DC || AP. Ans. =
AB 4
BE BC i.e., AX = 1K, AB = 4K
To Prove : =
EC CP (K− constant)
 \ BX = AB − AX AX AY A
=
= 4K − 1K = 3K XB YC 2 cm
X Y
AX 1K 1
Now, = = \ XY || BC 6 cm
XB 3K 3
 (By converse of Thales‘
AY 2 1 theorem)
and, = = B C
YC 6 3

Short Answer Type Questions-II (3 marks each)

Q. 1. In Fig. 7, if DABC ~ DDEF and their sides

of lengths (in cm) are marked along them,
then find the lengths of sides of each
triangle. [CBSE OD, Set 1, 2020]

Fig. 5
Ans. Given : ∠D = ∠E
Fig. – 7
AD AE
Ans. Given : DABC ~ DDEF and, =
DB EC
AB AC
\ = To prove : DBAC is an isosceles triangle
DE DF
AD AE
[Corresponding parts of similar triangles] Proof : In DABC,
= (given)
DB EC 
2x - 1 3x
⇒ = ⇒ DE || BC
18 6 x
{By converse of Basic Proportionality
2x - 1 1
⇒ = theorem}
18 2
\ ∠ADE = ∠ABC...(i)
⇒ 4x – 2 = 18 ..
{ . Corresponding angles are equal as DE ||
⇒ 4x = 20 BC}
⇒ x = 5 and ∠AED = ∠ACB...(ii)
Now, lengths of sides of triangle ABC are, But ∠ADE = ∠AED  (Given)...(iii)
AB = 2x – 1 = 9 cm \ ∠ABC = ∠ACB

BC = 2x + 2 = 12 cm (From eq. (i), (ii) and (ii))

⇒ AB = AC
AC = 3x = 15 cm
\ DABC is an isosceles triangle as two of its
And, lengths of sides of triangle DEF are, sides are equal. Hence Proved.
DE = 18 cm Q. 3. In a triangle, if square of one side is equal
to the sum of the squares of the other two
EF = 3x + 9 = 24 cm
sides, then prove that the angle opposite of
DF = 6x = 30 cm Ans. the first side is a right angle.
AD AE [CBSE Delhi, Set 1, 2020]
Q. 2. In Fig. 5, ∠D = ∠E and = , prove Ans. Given : DABC in which
DB EC
that BAC is an isosceles triangle. AC2 = AB2 + BC2
[CBSE Delhi, Set 1, 2020] To prove : ∠B = 90°
 and PQ = 3RS. Find the ratio of the areas
of traingles POQ and ROS.
 [CBSE OD, Set 1, 2019]
Ans. Given, PQRS is a trapezium where
PQ || RS and diagonals intersect at O and
Construction : Draw DPQR in which PQ = PQ = 3RS
AB, QR = BC and ∠Q = 90°.
Proof : In DABC,
⇒ AC2 = AB2 + BC2  (Given)
⇒ AC2 = PQ2 + QR2  (Given) ...(i)
Now, PR2 = PQ2 + PR2...(ii)
 (By Pythagoras Theorem)
In DPOQ and DROS, we have
From equations (i) and (ii), we get
∠ROS = ∠POQ
AC2 = PR2
 (vertically opposite angles)
⇒ AC = PR
∠OQP = ∠OSR (alternate angles)

\ In DABC and DPQR,
Hence, DPOQ ~ DROS by AA similar-
AB = PQ ity then, If two triangles are similar, then
BC = QR ratio of areas is equal to the ratio of square
AC = PR of its corresponding sides.
\ DABC @ DPQR Then,
⇒ ∠ABC = ∠PQR  (C.P.C.T.) area of DPOQ (PQ)2
=
\ ∠ABC = 90°  Hence Proved. area of DROS (RS)2

Q. 4. Two right triangles ABC and DBC are (3 RS)2 9

= =
drawn on the same hypotenuse BC and (RS)2 1
on the same side of BC. If AC and BD
intersect at P, prove that AP × PC = BP × =9:1
DP. [CBSE OD, Set 1, 2019] Q.  6. In Fig. ∠ACB = 90° and CD ^ AB, prove
Ans. Given, DABC and DDBC are right angle that CD2 = BD × AD.
triangles, right angled at A and D respec-
tively, on same side of BC. AC & BD inter-
sect at P.

 [CBSE Delhi, Set 1, 2019]

Ans. Given, DACB in which ∠ACB = 90° and
CD ^ AB
In DAPB and DPDC, To prove: CD2 = BD × AD
∠A = ∠D = 90° Proof: In DADC and DACB
∠APB = ∠DPC (Vertically opposite) ∠A = ∠A(common)
\ DAPB ~ DDPC (By AA Similarity) ∠ADC = ∠ACB  (90° each)
AP PD \ DADC ~ DACB (By AA rule)
\ = (by c.s.s.t.)
BP PC AD AC
⇒ =  ...(i)
⇒ AP × PC = BP × PD. Hence Proved. CD BC
Q. 5. Diagonals of a trapezium PQRS inter- Similarly,
sect each other at the point O, PQ || RS DCDB ~ DACB (By AA rule)
 AD AC To prove: AQ2 + BP2 = AB2 + PQ2
⇒ = ...(ii)
CD BC construction: Join AQ, PB and PQ
From equation (i) and (ii) Proof: In DAQC, ∠C = 90°
  AD = CD \ AQ2 = AC2 + CQ2...(i)
CD DB
 (Using Pythagoras theorem)
⇒ CD2 = AD · BD
In DPBC, ∠C = 90°
⇒ CD2 = BD × AD Hence Proved.
\ BP2 = BC2 + CP2...(ii)
Q. 7. If P and Q are the points on side CA and
CB respectively of DABC, right angled at  (Using Pythagoras theorem)
C, prove that (AQ2 + BP2) = (AB2 + PQ2). Adding equation (i) and (ii)
 [CBSE Delhi, Set 1, 2019]
AQ2 + BP2 = AC2 + CQ2 + BC2 + CP2
Ans. Given, ABC is a right angled triangle in
which ∠C = 90° = AC2 + BC2 + CQ2 + CP2
or AQ2 + BP2 = AB2 + PQ2
 Hence Proved.

Q.  8. Prove that the area of an equilateral triangle described on one side of the square is equal to
half the area of the equilateral triangle described on one of its diagonal. [CBSE, 2018]
Ans.
Topper’s Answers
 Let ABCD be a square with side ‘a’. Q. 9. If the area of two similar triangles are
equal, prove that they are congruent.
 [CBSE, 2018]
Ans. Given, ΔABC ~ ΔPQR

In ΔABC,
AC2 = AB2 + BC2
= a2 + a2 = 2a2 And ar (ΔABC) = ar (ΔPQR)
To prove:
AC = 2a2 = 2a .
ΔABC ≅ ΔPQR
Area of equilateral ΔBEC (formed on side
Proof:
BC of square ABCD)
Given, ΔABC ~ ΔPQR
3
= × (side)2 ar(DABC ) AB2 BC 2 AC 2
4 ∴ = = =
ar(DPQR) PQ 2 QR2 PR2
3 a2...(i)
=
4 (Ratio of area of similar triangles is equal
Area of equilateral ΔACF (formed on to the square of corresponding sides)
diagonal AC of square ABCD) ar (DABC )
3 But = 1 (Given)
3 (2 a2 ) ar (DPQR)
= ( 2 a)2 =
4 4
3 2 AB2 BC 2 AC 2
= 2 a ...(ii) ∴ = = =1
4 PQ 2 QR2 PR2
From eq. (i) and (ii), So, AB2 = PQ2 or AB = PQ
ar ΔACF = 2 × ar ΔBCF
BC2 = QR2 or BC = QR
or ar (ΔBCF) = 1 ar (ΔACF)
2 AC2 = PR2 or AC = PR
i.e., area of triangle described on one By SSS congruency axiom
side of square is half the area of triangle
described on its diagonal. Hence Proved. ΔABC ≅ ΔPQR Hence Proved.
Q. 10. Δ ABC is a right angled triangle in which Ans.
∠B = 90°. D and E are any point on AB
and BC respectively. Prove that
AE2 + CD2 = AC2 + DE2.
 [CBSE, Term 1, 2016]
Ans. In Δ ABC, ∠B = 60°and D, E are points on
AB, BC respectively.
In DRPQ,
∠1 + ∠2 + ∠4 = 180°
⇒ ∠1 + ∠2 + 90° = 180°
⇒ ∠1 + ∠2 = 180° − 90°
⇒ ∠1 = 90° − ∠2...(i)
TP ⊥ PQ
To prove:
∴ ∠TPQ = 90°
AC2 + DE2 = AE2 + CD2
⇒ ∠2 + ∠3 = 90°
In Δ ABC by using Pythagoras theorem,
⇒ ∠3 = 90° − ∠2...(ii)
AC = AB + BC ...(i)
2 2 2
From eq. (i) and eq. (ii),
In Δ ABE by using Pythagoras theorem ∠1 = ∠3
AE2 = AB2 + BE2...(ii) Now in ΔRQP and ΔPST,
In Δ BCD by using Pythagoras theorem ∠1 = ∠3 [Proved above]
CD2 = BD2 +BC2...(iii) ∠4 = ∠5 [Each 90°]
In Δ DBE by using Pythagoras theorem So by AA similarity
DE2 = DB2 + BE2...(iv) ΔRQP ~ ΔPST
Adding eq. (i) and eq. (iv), ST PS
= . [By c.p.c.t.]
QP RQ
AC2 + DE2 = AB2 +BC2 + BD2 + BE2
⇒ ST.RQ = PS.PQ Hence Proved.
= AB2 + BE2 + BC2 + BD2
Q.  12. In given figure, EB ⊥ AC, BG ⊥ AE and
AC2 +DE2 = AE2 + CD2 CF ⊥ AE. E

 [From eq. (ii) and eq. (iii)] Prove that:

F
 Hence Proved. (i) ΔABG ~ ΔDCB G
D
BC BE
Q.  11. In the given figure, RQ and TP are per- (ii) =
pendicular to PQ, also TS ⊥ PR prove BD BA A C
B
that ST.RQ = PS.PQ.
 [CBSE, Term 1, 2015]
Ans.
E

F
G 7 D
2 3
1 6 5 4
A C
 [CBSE, Term 1, 2016] B
 Given: EB ⊥ AC, BG ⊥ AE and CF ⊥ AE Q.  13. In triangle ABC, if AP ⊥ BC and
To prove: (i) ΔABG ~ ΔDCB AC2 = BC2 − AB2, then prove that
BC BE PA2 = PB × CP.
(ii) =
BD BA  [CBSE, Term 1, Set 1, 2015]
Proof: (i) In ΔABG and ΔDCB, BG || CF as Ans. AC2 = BC2 − AB2 [Given]
corresponding angles 2 and 7 are equal. ⇒ AC2 + AB2 = BC2
C

∠2 = ∠5 [Each 90°] ∴ ∠BAC = 90°

∠6 = ∠4 [By converse of P

Pythagoras’ theorem]
 [Corresponding angles]
∴ ΔAPB ~ ΔCPA B
∴ ΔABG ~ ΔDCB Hence Proved. A
If a perpendicular is drawn from
 [By AA similarity] the vertex of the right angle of a
∴ ∠1 = ∠3  [c.p.c.t] triangle to the hypotenuse then
(ii) In ΔABE and ΔDBC, triangles on both sides of the
perpendicular are similar to the
∠1 = ∠3 [Proved above] whole triangle and to each other
∠ABE = ∠5
AP PB
 [Each is 90°, EB ⊥ AC (Given)] ⇒ =
CP PA
∴ ΔABE ~ ΔDBC [By AA similarity]  [In similar triangles, corresponding sides are
proportional]
In similar triangles, corresponding sides
⇒ PA = PB . CP Hence Proved
2
are proportional
BC BE
BC BE
∴ ===  Hence Proved.
BD
BD BA BA

Long Answer Type Questions (4 marks each)

Q.  1. If a line is drawn parallel to one side of Draw EL ^ AB and DM ^ AC
a triangle to intersect the other two sides Proof: we have
1
in distinct points, then prove that the area (DADE) = × AD × EL
2
other two sides are divided in the same 1
ratio.  [CBSE OD, Set 1, 2019] and area (DDBE) = × DB × EL
2
 [CBSE Term 1, Set 1, 2015] . . 1 
Ans. Given, a DABC in which DE || BC and
  . D = ×b× h
 2 
DE intersect AB and AC at D and E 1
area (DADE) × AD × EL
respectively. 2
\ =
area (DDBE) 1
× DB × EL
2
AD
=
...(i)
DB
Again, area (DADE) = area (DAED)

= 1 × AE × DM
2
AD AE
To prove: = and area (DECD) = 1 × EC × DM
DB EC
2
Construction: Join BE and CD
 1 Using equations (i) and (ii), we get
area (DADE) × AE × DM
AE
 \ = 2 = ...(ii) ar (DABC )  BC BC  BC 2
area (DECD) 1 =  × =
× EC × DM EC
ar (DDEF )  EF EF  EF 2
2
Now, DDBE and DECD, being on same 2
base DE and between the same parallels Similarly, ar (DABC ) = AB
DE and BC, we have ar (DDEF ) DE2
area (DDBE) = area (DECD)...(iii) ar (DABC ) AC 2
From equations (i), (ii) and (iii), we have and =
ar (DDEF ) DF 2
AD AE  Hence Proved.
=
DB EC ar (DABC ) AB2 AC 2 BC 2
Hence, = = =
Q.  2. Prove that the ratio of the areas of two ar (DDEF ) DE2 DF 2 EF 2
similar triangles is equal to the ratio of  Hence Proved.
the squares on their corresponding sides. Q. 3. In a triangle, if square of one side is
 [CBSE OD, Set 2, 2019] equal to the sum of the squares of the
 [CBSE Delhi, Set 3, 2019] other two sides, then prove that the angle
Ans. Given, DABC ~ DDEF opposite the first side is a right angle.
ar (DABC ) AB2 AC 2 BC 2  [CBSE OD, Set 3, 2019]
To prove: = = =
ar (DDEF ) DE2 DF 2 EF 2 Ans. Given, DABC in which
AC2 = AB2 + BC2

Construction: Draw AL ^ BC and DM ^ EF.

Proof: Since DABC ~ DDEF it follows that To prove: ∠B = 90°
they are equiangular and their sides are Construction: Draw a DDEF such that
proportional.
DE = AB, EF = BC and ∠E = 90°.
\ ∠A = ∠D, ∠B = ∠E, ∠C = ∠F and
Proof: In DDEF we have ∠E = 90°
AB BC AC ...(i)
= = So, by Pythagoras theorem, we have
DE EF DF
1 DF2 = DE2 + EF2
Now, area (DABC) =
× BC × AL
2 ⇒ DF2 = AB2 + BC2 ...(i)
1 ( DE = AB and EF = BC)
area (DDEF) = × EF × DM
2
But AC2 = AB2 + BC2 ...(ii) (Given)
1
ar (DABC ) 2 × BC × AL BC AL From equations (i) and (ii), we get
\ = = ×
ar (DDEF ) 1 × EF × DM EF DM AC2 = DF2 ⇒ AC = DF.
2
Now, in DABC and DDEF, we have
AL BC
Also, =  ...(ii)
DM EF AB = DE, BC = EF and AC = DF.
( In similar triangles, the ratio of the cor- \ DABC @ DDEF.
responding sides is the same as the ratio Hence, ∠B = ∠E = 90°. Hence Proved.
of corresponding altitudes)
Q.  4. Prove that in a right angle triangle, the square of the hypotenuse is equal the sum of squa-
res of the other two sides.  [CBSE Delhi, Set 1, 2019] [CBSE 2018]
Topper’s Answers

Ans. Given, A DABC right angled at B. ∠A = ∠A  (common)

To prove: AC2 = AB2 + BC2 ∠ADB = ∠ABC  (90° each)
\ DADB ~ DABC (By AA rule)
AD AB
So, =
AB AC
 (sides are proportional)
or AB­ = AD · AC...(i)
2

Also, In DBDC and DABC

Construction: Draw BD ^ AC
∠C = ∠C  (common)
Proof: In DADB and DABC
∠BDC = ∠ABC  (90° each)
 \
DBDC ~ DABC = AC (AD + CD)
CD BC = AC × AC
So, =
BC AC = AC2
or BC2 = CD · AC...(ii) or AC = AB2 + BC2
2
Adding equation (i) and (ii), we get  Hence Proved.
AB2 + BC2 = AD · AC + CD · AC
1
Q.  5. In an equilateral ΔABC, D is a point on side BC such that BD = BC. Prove that 9(AD)2 =
3
7(AB)2. [CBSE, 2018]
Ans.

Topper’s Answers
 2
⇒ AB2 = AD2 + AB2
9
( BC = AB)
2
⇒ AB2 − AB2 = AD2
9
⇒ 7 AB2 = AD2
9
⇒ 7AB2 = 9AD2
or 9(AD)2 = 7(AB)2 Hence Proved.
Given, ABC is an equilateral triangle and
1 Q.  6. In an equilateral ΔABC, E is any point on
D is a point on BC such that BD = BC. 1
3 BC such that BE = BC. Prove that
To prove: 4
9AD2 = 7AB2 16 AE2 = 13 AB2.
Construction: Draw AE ⊥ BC  [CBSE Term 1, 2016]
1 1
Proof: BD = BC ...(i) (Given) Ans. Given BE = BC
3 4
and AE ⊥ BC Draw AD ⊥ BC.
A
We know that perpendicular from a vertex
of equilateral triangle to the base divides
base in two equal parts.
1
∴ BE = EC = BC...(ii)
2
In ΔAED,
B C
AD2 = AE2 + DE2 E D
 (Pythagoras theorem) In DAED by pythagoras theorem,
or AE = AD2 − DE2...(iii)
2
AE2 = AD2 + DE2 ...(i)
Similarly, In ΔAEB, In DADB,
AB2 = AE2 + BE2 AB2 = AD2 + BD2
2
1  ⇒ AB2 = AE2 − DE2 + BD2 [From (i)]
= AD2 − DE2 +  BC 
2  = AE2 − DE2 + (BE + DE)2
 [from equations (ii) and (iii)] ⇒ AB2 = AE2 − DE2 + BE2 + DE2 + 2BE.DE
= AD2 − (BE − BD)2 + 1 BC2 ⇒ AB2 = AE2 + BE2 + 2BE.DE
4 2
 BC  BC
1 ⇒ AB2 = AE2 +   + 2 .(BD − BE)
= AD2 − BE2 − BD2 + 2.BE.BD + BC2  4  4
4
BC 2 BC  BC BC 
2 2 ⇒ AB2 = AE2 + +  − 
1  1  1 1 16 2  2 4 
= AD2 −  BC  −  BC  + 2. BC. BC
 2   3  2 3 AB2 AB  2 AB − AB 
⇒ AB2 = AE2 + +
1 16 2  4 
 + BC2
4 AB2 AB AB
⇒ AB2 = AE2 + + ×
 [From equations (i) and (ii)] 16 2 4
1 1 AB2 AB2
⇒ AB2 = AD2 − BC2 + BC2 ⇒ AB2 − 16 − 8 = AE2
9 3
2 16 AB2 − AB2 − 2 AB2
⇒ AB2 = AD2 + BC2 ⇒ = AE2
9 16
 ⇒ 16AB2 − 3AB2 = 16AE2 c c
DY + BY = (BD) + (BD)
⇒ 13AB2 = 16AE2 a b
 Hence Proved. c c
Q.  7. In the figure, if ∠ABD = ∠XYD = ∠CDB = ⇒ BD = BD  + 
a b
90°. AB = a, XY = c and CD = b, then prove
that c (a + b) = ab. BD  cb + ca 
C
⇒ =  ab 
BD  
c( a + b)
⇒ 1=
ab
A ⇒ c(a + b) = ab Hence Proved.
b
X Q.  8. The perimeter of a right triangle is 60 cm.
Its hypotenuse is 25 cm. Find the area of
a
the triangle. 
c  [CBSE Delhi, Term 2, Set 2, 2016]
B D
Y Ans. Given, the perimeter of right triangle
 [CBSE Term 1, 2016] = 60 cm
Ans. To prove: c(a + b) = ab and hypotenuse = 25 cm
C
A

25
cm
A
b
X
90°
a B C

c ∴ AB + BC + CA = 60 cm
B
Y
D ⇒ AB + BC + 25 = 60
In ΔABD & ΔDXY, ∴ AB + BC = 35 ...(i)
∠B = ∠XYD [Each 90°] Now, by pythagoras theorem,
∠XDY = ∠ADB  [Common] (AC)2 = (AB)2 + (BC)2
So by AA similarity,
⇒ (25)2 = (AB)2 + (BC)2
ΔDAB ~ ΔDXY
∴ AB2 + BC2 = 625  ...(ii)
DY XY
∴ =
DB AB We know that, (a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab
then, (AB + BC)2 = (AB)2 + (BC)2
⇒ DY = c (BD) ...(i)
a  + 2AB·BC
In ΔBCD & ΔBYX, ⇒ (35)2 = 625 + 2 AB·BC
∠XYB = ∠D [Each 90°]
⇒ 2AB·BC = 1225 − 625
∠CBD = ∠XBY [Common]
⇒ 2AB·BC = 600
So by AA similarity,
∴ AB·BC = 300
Δ BYX ~ Δ BDC
1
BY XY ∴ Area of D ABC = × AB × BC
\ = 2
BD CD
1
c = × 300
⇒ BY =
(BD) ...(ii) 2
b
Adding equation (i) and equation (ii), = 150 cm2
Q.  9. In the given figure, AD = 3 cm, AE = 5 cm, CE 4 4
Also, = = ...(i)
BD = 4 cm, CE = 4 cm, CF = 2 cm, BF = CA 4 + 5 9
2.5 cm, then find the pair of parallel lines
CF 2 2 4
and hence their lengths. =
CB 2 + 2.5 = 4.5 = 9
A
EC CF
3 cm 5 cm ⇒ =
EA CB
D E
∠ECF = ∠ACB[Common]
4 cm 4 cm
\ ΔCFE ~ ΔCBA  [SAS similarity]
B C
2.5 cm F 2 cm EF CE
⇒ =
AB CA
 [CBSE Term 1, Set 1, 2015]
 [In similar Δ’s, corresponding sides
EC 4 CF 2 4
Ans. = and = = are proportional]
EA 5 FB 2.5 5
EF 4
⇒ = [ AB = 3 + 4 = 7 cm]
EC CF 7 9
⇒ =
EA FB
28
In ΔABC, EF || AB ∴ EF = cm and AB = 7 cm
9
 [Converse of Thales’ theorem]