Ces
‘Translations
The diagram shows the graphs of two functions that difer nly by a constant
pest -2e4
pest-aves
\When the s-coordinates onthe two graphs are the sume (:
coordinates differ by3 (y= +3)
x) the
Tis means tha the two curves have exactly the same shape bat chat they are
separated by 3 units inthe postive y divetion,
Hence the graph of y = s2~ 2x +4 iva translation of the graph of y =? — 2841
orev (2)
[Now consider the two functions:
pest -2etl
pee 3P 260-341
‘Weobtain th second function by replacing x by x3 inthe rst Function,
“The graphs of these wo Functions are
“The curveshave exactly the same shape but this time they are separated by units inthe
positive x-direction,
You may be surprised that the curve has moved in the postive s-irection, Nets, however,
that a way of obtaining y= isto have x
=3 or equivalently x = x+3.Thit means
thatthe two eurves are at the sume eight when the red curves 3 units tothe tight of the
bine curveHence, he graph of y = (= 3 ~20¢~3) +1 isa translation ofthe graph ef
ext -2r4) vector | >
yea -aco yess]
Ena
gee phen ttndinat pm =f be 3)
‘Combining these two results gives:
Geena
“The graph of y= 7 «Sx is translated 2 unis tothe right. Find the equation ofthe resulting graph. Give your
answer in the form y= ac? tix te.
none
= 8455 Replace al occurences of x by x= 2.
pete-2F +e Expand and sisiy
wane
“The ea of y= EF intranet y the vector (3) Find he gation of he eka raph,
=
=
T+
Replace x by x +5,and add 3 tothe resulting Function,1 Find the equation of each graph after the given transformation,
tothe graph y
(othe graph y= x9 #20? 4
tothe graph y
e+ 30041)
tothe graph y=
tothe graph y= VIE.
s
tothegraph y= 5 ays10
: eF
3 The diagram shows the graph of y=),
‘Sketch the graphs ofeach of the folowing functions
aa4
x2)
fist -5
4 @ Onthesame diagram, sketch the graphs of y
2x andy
by 20 ean betrafomalo y=25¢2 bya nation of (2)
Find the value of
cam be transformed 10
+2 bya translation of (°}
Find the value of 5.5. Acubicgraph hasequation y
4 3) 2Xe-3).
Find, in the form y= ax? + bx +e, the equation of he resulting graph
Oe ee bres 3}
‘Tho esulting graphis y = 2s? — 11s 10, Find the value of o the value of and
the valve of
2.6 Reflections
Te diagram shows the graphs ofthe two functions
ta2eth
4h 2eed)
‘When the x-coordinates onthe two graphs are the same (
are negative ofeach other (y= =)
‘This means that, when the x-coordinate are the same, the red curve isthe sane
9, the y-coordinates
‘vertical distance fom the x-aieas the blue carve butt som the opposite sie ofthe
Hence the graph of » = (32 —2x +1) ia reflection ofthe graph of
in the canis,
-2e41
Giemies
Now consider the to functions
Po 2eth
ye Gx ex) 41
‘We obtain the second faneton by replacing by —x in the st Function.
“The graphs of these two functions ae demonstrate in the diagram,
“Ty the Beton the
Ine rere on
‘Mathematics websiceCae eee LC ee eee ea es
The curves are atthe same height (y= 7) when x
or equivalently
This means that the heights ofthe two graphs are the same when the ed graph has the
same horizontal displacement from the y-axis the be graph but is om the eppsite side
ofthe y-axis
2-041 in
Hence, the graph of y= (-3)? = 2(-3)+1 isa reflection ofthe graph of
the yas
[ she araph of y = tex) ia eestion ofthe praph y= fl) inthe pais |
(aaa
| The quadratic raph y= f(x) has minimam tthe point (5,~7). Find th coordinates ofthe vertex and state
‘whether it isa maximum oF minispum ofthe graph foreach ofthe folowing graphs
a yen) b yates)
y=) isa reflection of y= fs} in the canis
The tuening points (5,7). Iisa maximum poin
by
F-3) isa reflection of j= fs) the pais,
Tho turning point is (-S, 7) 1a minimum point.
4Inecagram snows the graph ot = gl)
‘Sketch the graphs of esch ofthe following functions,
2 y=-200 b y=ea
2. Find the equation of ech graph after the given transformation,
2 y= Se after seflection inthe a-axis
by =2s4 after reflection inthe y-axis,
© yee =Rr 41 after reflection in the y-axis
6 y=5420—3e after reflection in the x-axis2. Describe the transformation that maps the graph
8 y=s247x=3 ontothegraph y=—x? —7e43
b yast=3et4 onto the graph y= x8 +e
Pd
© ye 2y~Se? ontothe graph y
d y=842s2 = 3041 onto the graph p= x23 +3
27 Stretches
“The diagram shows the graphs of the two Functions:
2-293
0? 29-3)
When the coordinates onthe two graphs are the same (x =-0), the pects
_y-oordinateon the eed graph s double the y-coordinate onthe blue
raph (= 20,
“This moans that, when the x-coordiates ae the same, the red curves twice the
distance ofthe Bue graph Fom the x-0xis
Hence, the graph of y = 2(s? 2x ~3) isa stretch ofthe graph of|
y= 3223 from the x-axis. Wesay that thas Been stretched with stretch
factor 2 paralle! tothe y-axis,
"Note: there are alternative ways of expressing this transformation
‘stich with sale factor 2 withthe ine y= O invariant pomstaea
‘stretch with strete fator 2 ith the xa ivatiant
Asteteh with stretch factor 2 relative othe x-axis
‘vertical stretch wth stretch factor 2
past
Noteif a<0, then y = of) can be considered to bea stretch of|
‘y= f(s) ith a npative see factor o as stetch with postive scale
Factor flowed by a refection inthe saisSees
Now consider the two Funetons:
pest-2y-3
rex -208)-3
‘We obtain the second funetion by replacing x by 2x in the first function
‘The two curves are atthe same height ("= 1) when s = 2s orequivaently
‘This means thatthe heights ofthe wo graphs are the same when the red graph
has half the horizontal displacement from the y-axis asthe blue graph,
Hence, the graph of y = 2x}? ~22x)—3 isa streteh of the graph of|
= 2~3 from the yeas, We sy hat thas been stretched with stretch JJ
1
factor $ paral tthex-ais
Giese
‘Te gph of y= los) sasttch ofthe gph y= fs) withstateh tor paral to he
“The graph of y= 5-2 inthe with rc ctor pra iothe pai
Find the equation ofthe resulting graph
Ansver
‘A stot parallel tothe axis factor 4, gives
the functon 442).
Ls fx
Describe the single transformation tbat maps the graph of
Answer
Express 2 6r—5 in terms of
The transformation isa stetch paral the x-axis with stretch factorFuneti
1 Thediagram shows the graph of y= f(s).
‘Sketch the graphs ofeach of the following functions.
a yeaty
b ysfau
2. Find the equation ofeach graph after the given transformation,
ay =e aftera stretch parallel to the y-axis with stretch factor
bys 23-1 after stretch parallel to the y-axis with stretch factor 3
€ye2" 44 afresh uate yaw see or
4 y= 20-80-10 aftera stretch parallel tothe x-axis with sec actor 2
© y= 6x ~ 36r after stretch parallel tothe x-axis with stretch ietor
13 _Deseribe the single transformation that maps the grap
a ys xt +2e~$ ontothe graph p= 4x? +4r~5
bye x'-3042 ontothe graph p= 3ct 9°46
© ye2% +1 onto the graph y= 2"*442
4 y= VE=6 omothesraph y= VEE=E
wed transformat
In this setion you wll learn how to apply simple combinations of transformations.
‘The ansformations of the graph of y = lx) that you have studied so far car each be
categorised a either vertical or horizontal ransformations
° 5
a ete) [rnin (2)
ati) [pei eh toro ‘r=tte[przomal oh aor
‘When combining transformations care must be taken with the order
‘wansformatons are applied
which theApply the transformations inthe given order to triangle T
and for each question comment on whether the final images
are the same or different,
2 Combining two vertical transformations
0 1
21 tant (3) hen sce mth tr
4 then rani (2
& Shea wih itr tena (2)
1 Invent footer ir of vert ransratins.
2 Combining oe vertical and one horizontal transformation
:
7
b Investigate for other pairs of transformations whete one is vertical andthe
cirri
2 Coban te bina tins :
2 1 sectors aan? ten nie (3)
0
Investigate for other pairs of horizontal tansformations
Wi tant (3) hen seh ozone 2
From the Explore activity, you should have found that:
on
+ When vo veri! tansformation rt horizontal tasformains ae combine oder
‘a wich they ar aplied may alle the outcome
+ When oe horizontal and one vert trasormaton ae combined the ler wich they
aresppind doesnot fet the outcome
‘Combining two vertical transformations
‘We will now consider how the graph of y= fx) is transformed ro the graph y
Tis can be shown in a low diagram as:
‘stretch vertically, factor @ twanslate(
scrishere gg, mie’)
a>
Safle) +“This eads to the important result
Qiao
‘Vertical wasfocmtions follow he ‘norma ore of operations as sedi athe
Combining two horizontal transformations
Now consider how the graph of = f(x) is transformed to the graph y= és).
:
eee
sephice x with x. replace with
Rxyr
‘This eads to the important result
Giana
‘Hovizntl wansormatos follow te epost orc tthe ‘normal ore of opsatins. 5 edn
sith.
g
‘The diagram shows the graph of »
‘Sketch the graph of y= 210) 3,
yan)
Anover .
| ~isa combination of wo vertical ransformations of» =x)
Dunee the transformations follow the normal” der of operations. ‘ +)
‘Step I: Sketch the graph = 20s 4
‘Suetch y= Rx vertically with stretch factor 2Mathematics: Pure Mather
The diagram shows the graph of »
of transformations
| a Find ewo diferent ways ofdserbing the combination of transformations.
Write down the equation af he graph y= a(x).
2 Tasatonot (4 flowed bya rz seth sre trss sean sno (2)
Using the fst combination of transformations
:
yea becomes ptr ie
lee
Hence, gio) = (20 — 49. Oe
a ye ecue2s3 »
© y=2-an) 4
eye tate) =1 ‘
eB yn ex-6) h2 Theddingram shows the graph of y= 2), +
Write dow, in terms of f(s), the uation of ;
the graph of each of ee following diagrams
a » > 1 « "
3. Given that y=, nd the image ofthe curve y=
combinations of transformations
after cach of tie following
2 estate reson wit fled by ramatony te vet
1
4 Find the equation ofthe image ofthe curve y = afer each ofthe following
combinations of transformations and, in each case, sketch the graph the
resuling curve,
veo(§}
factor?
© Ona graph show the curve y=? and each of your answers to parts and b
5. Given that lx) =x? +1 find the image of y = f(x) after each ofthe allowing
‘combinations of ransformtions.
© anson (3 aonb a refetonnthe ans6 8 Thesraphor
stretch factor 2 parallel othe y-axis, Weite dowo the equation ofthe
resulking graph,
bThegranhot y= strane ty sbeestor(_2]and tenes in
the x-axis, Weite down the equation ofthe resulting graph
7 Determine the sequence of transformations that maps
following Functions
1
(x) to each ofthe
fox-6) d y=2hx)-8
f()43 bys? €
ayed
{8 Determine the sequence of transformations that maps
2 thecurve y= onto theeurve
b theeurve y=x' onto thecurve
€ thecurve y= YF onto theeurve y= 20ST +4
9 Given that f(s) = JF, write down the equation ofthe image off) after:
2 sefeton in eax flowed [owe yin
({}ouoedyasisch pura at ass wih sete aor?
+ mtn (2) ety ate ce
factor 2, lowed seo nthe vai lowed by ansatn(
20 Given that a)
wt down the equation ofthe imagef ater
+ ration (J) stones ba eon ata tly anton
(—)} stone asi tose yw te
a stotch parallel othe y-axis with stretch fet 3, followed by translation
(stows by steam inte as, ned ytanstn [>
@ 11 Find ewo itterent ways of describing the combination of transformations that
Ip gro) = ono te graph 20) 1"? aac te
Biphecty fo) and y= a0.
®@ 22 Find two itfrent ways of describing che sequence of transformations that maps
the graph of y= x) onto the graph of y= 112s +10)
“Try theFransfoers
source onthe
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tanion(!)
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rant 2)
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“Trandation|
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4
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ba © bat
5 ya ter die see-7)
6 ya 6e4s
1 and b=-Ke
Exercise 2F
Ia
2a yensé by
© yedvedeel ad
3 a Reflecton inthe x-axis
bb Reflecton in the y-axis
fe Reflecton inthe x-axis
a Reilecton i the s-axisExercise 26
1
y=6s? b ysae
yePn2 dope
y= 162s? — 108
Swetch parallel to the x-axis with stretch
V
factor $
Swetch parallel to the y-axis with stretch
factor 3
Stretch parallel to the y-axis with steteh
factor 2
Swetch parallel to the s-axis with starch
1
factor!
3
Exercise 2H
roaSe ca
z yet 8 bh yeoste des
t : 6 9 y=2g-8) boys 3atte
< 71 Stretch parallel tothe y-axis wth stretch
fi
Reflection in the x-axis fllowed by 8
; onl)
4 ¢ Tranton( alowed bya sete pratt
L
0 the z-axis with stretch factor £
4. Stretch parallel to the y-axis with stretch
8a Translation|
5) owed ya strc
: pert ote answer
4 ransation{—)} stretch paral
Tanti stich
» y-axis seth ator}, oeton inthe
nis ith tote fa
12, reflection in the
o 8 fe-143 b y=-fta-p
2 a y=atexy » V2 v2
© y=mx-Hel | to a yaa ers? ¥2]= 44-07? +6
3 a yam ob |b yaRcoreaytezaseeeate22 es
_paxis or reflection inthe y-axis followed by »
srmaon()
2 ‘ramlaion(—1) lowed by te aa! Si eaiee 3
° | ii f(x) = 34 VFRX, domain isx = 0
tothe saiswihetrteh tor orate | 64 (r=2P Ae k
; ib ty k=4
paral othe x-axis with stretch ator a
‘atone ytanasion(“}) WW C)=24-JFFERK, domain sx = 4
2 7 A S